國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)第七單元 Packing

1、整理整理pptppt國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)雙語教程國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)雙語教程(INTERNATIONAL Business (INTERNATIONAL Business Practice)Practice) 整理整理pptpptReviewWhat are the measuring units usually used in our country?Methods of Calculating Weight ExercisesChapter 7 Packing整理整理pptpptWeight（重量）（重量）Number（個(gè)數(shù)）（個(gè)數(shù)）Measuring UnitsLength（長度）（長度）Area（面積

2、）（面積）Volume（體積）（體積）Capacity（容積）（容積）Package（包件）（包件） 整理整理pptppt1Weight Calculation（重量的計(jì)算）（重量的計(jì)算） 1) By Gross Weight（按毛量）（按毛量） 2) By Net Weight（按凈重）（按凈重） 3) Conditioned Weight（公量）（公量） 4) Theoretical Weight（理論重量）（理論重量） 5) Legal Weight（法定重量）（法定重量） 2More or Less Clause（溢短裝條款）（溢短裝條款） Chapter 7 PackingConte

3、nts of this ChapterFunction of PackingKinds of PackingMarking of Package整理整理pptpptPacking, in business practice, is one of the most important problems that confront the merchants engaged in foreign trade. It needs more care in export trade than domestic trade. The real art of packing is to get the c

4、ontents into nice, compact shape that will stay in perfect condition with nothing missing during the roughest journey. Introduction 整理整理pptpptSection One The function of Packing3 Practical suggestions for packing methods P133 1 Problems in Transport? P131 2 Purpose of Packing? P132 整理整理pptppt1 Probl

5、ems in Transport 2 Purpose of Packing 3 Practical suggestions for packing methods 整理整理pptpptSection Two Kinds/types of Packing The kinds of cargoes are various in international trade, from the view point of whether they need packing, they fall into three kinds: Nude Cargo（裸裝貨）（裸裝貨） Bulk Cargo（散裝貨）（散

6、裝貨） Packed Cargo（包裝貨）（包裝貨） 整理整理pptpptNude cargoes or nude packed commodities refer to those kinds of cargoes whose qualities are more stable and to be shipped without any packages or in simple bundles. They are not easy to be influenced by outside circumstances and they become single pieces of their

7、 own. They are difficult to be packed or do not need any packing, such as steel products, lead ingot, timber, rubber, automobile, etc. Nude Cargo 整理整理pptppt2) Cargo in Bulk/Bulk Cargo Cargo in bulk refer to those goods which are shipped or even sold without packages on the conveyance in bulk, such a

8、s oil, ore, grain, coal, etc. Bulk shipment is usually applicable for large quantity of commodities that are to be shipped by means of transport with special purposed shipping equipment. Bulk shipment has the advantages of space saving, quick handling and lower freight. 整理整理pptpptPacked Cargo Most o

9、f commodities in international trade need certain degree of packing during the shipping, storing and sales process. Packed cargoes refer to those which need shipping packing, marketing packing or both. 整理整理pptpptPacking ContainersBarrelBarrel整理整理pptpptPacking Containers整理整理pptpptPacking Containers整理

10、整理pptpptPacking Containers整理整理pptpptPacking Containers整理整理pptpptPacking Containers整理整理pptpptPacking Containers整理整理pptpptPacking Containers整理整理pptpptTransport/Shipping Packing and Sales /Marketing Packing（運(yùn)輸包裝和銷售包裝）（運(yùn)輸包裝和銷售包裝） 1) Transport/shipping (outer packing)（運(yùn)輸包裝）（運(yùn)輸包裝） 2) Sales/Marketing Packi

11、ng（銷售包裝）（銷售包裝）3) Neutral Packing (中性包裝中性包裝)整理整理pptpptThe two kinds of shipping packing (1) Single piece packing（單件運(yùn)輸包裝）（單件運(yùn)輸包裝）P137 (2) Collective packing（集合運(yùn)輸包裝）（集合運(yùn)輸包裝） P137 整理整理pptppt The cargoes are packed as a single unit, i.e., a measuring unit, in the transportation process. Single piece pack

12、ing can be sub-divided into the following two kinds: According to style: cases, drums, bags, bales, bundles, etc. According to material: cartons, wooden cases, iron drums, wooden casks, plastic casks, paper bags, gunny bags, plastic bags, etc.(1) Single piece packing（單件運(yùn)輸包裝）（單件運(yùn)輸包裝）P137 整理整理pptppt C

13、ollective packing is also called group shipping packing by which a certain number of single pieces are grouped together to form a big packing or are packed in a big container. Collective packing can be classified into: (2) Collective packing（集合運(yùn)輸包裝）（集合運(yùn)輸包裝） P137 Flexible container（集裝包和集裝袋）（集裝包和集裝袋）

14、Container（集裝箱）（集裝箱） Pallet（托盤）（托盤）P 137-138整理整理pptppt整理整理pptppt整理整理pptppt整理整理pptppt整理整理pptpptBrands designated by the buyer refers to the packing that the goods should be packed according to the trade marks and brands by the buyer. As to the goods to be ordered regularly in large quantities for a lo

15、ng time by foreign customers, in order to expand sales, we can accept trade marks designated by buyers with indicating the mark of the manufacturing country, that is, the neutral packing with brands designated by the buyers. 整理整理pptppt Sometimes we may accept trade marks or brands designated by buye

16、rs from foreign countries, but under the trade marks and brands, we indicate “Made in the Peoples Republic of China” or “ Made in China”. In some other cases, we may accept the designated trade marks or brands and at the same time, under the trade marks or brands we indicate that the goods are made

17、by a factory in the buyers country, i.e., trade marks or brands and origins designated by the buyers. 整理整理pptpptSection Three Marking of Package 包裝標(biāo)志包裝標(biāo)志 Classification of Marking Package 包裝標(biāo)志的分類包裝標(biāo)志的分類 When talking about transport packing, the packing mark (or marking of package) of course has to b

18、e referred to. Packing mark or recognition mark refers to different diagrams, words and figures which are written, printed, or brushed on the outside of the shipping packing in order that it is easy and convenient for goods loading, unloading, store, inspection and discharge. Package should not be m

19、arked with crayons, tags or card. The best method of marking is to stencil the marks on the outside of the package. Some exporters paint the marks with a brush and indelibleink. All in all, mark should be permanent and easily read at a glance. 整理整理pptpptAccording to the uses of the packing mark, it

20、According to the uses of the packing mark, it can be divided into can be divided into 1) Shipping Marks（運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志）（運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志） 2) Indicative Marks（指示性標(biāo)志）（指示性標(biāo)志） 3) Warning Marks（警告性標(biāo)志）（警告性標(biāo)志） 4) Supplementary (or Additional )Marks（附加標(biāo)志）（附加標(biāo)志） 整理整理pptppt Shipping marks are marks of simple designs, some letters,

21、 numbers and simple words on packages, often stenciled, that serve as identification of the consignment to which they belong. It is one of the most important elements which are agreed on by the exporter and the importer in a sales contract. The shipping mark consists of 1) Shipping Marks（運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志）（運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志）

22、Name or code of destination;Code of consignee or consignor;Piece number, serial number, contract number or license number.整理整理pptpptSimple shipping marks are generally made up of four parts: (1) Consignees code (2) Consignors code (3) Name or code of Destination (4) Package number/piece number 整理整理p

23、ptppt We usually make use of the simple, noticeable design, remarkable diagrams and simple words on the packages to remain the relative workers of the items for attention when they load, unload, carry and store the goods, such as: HANDLE WITH CARE, THIS SIDE UP (See Fig.7-3), etc. Printed in black c

24、olor generally.2) Indicative Marks（指示性標(biāo)志）（指示性標(biāo)志） P143整理整理pptppt The warning mark is also called dangerous cargo mark or shipping mark for dangerous commodities, which is brushed/printed clearly and definitely on the shipping packing of the inflammable, explosive, poisonous, corrosive or radioactive

25、goods, so as to give warnings to the workers/dockers/crew. 3) Warning Marks（警告性標(biāo)志）（警告性標(biāo)志） Warning marks are usually made up of simple geometrical diagrams, word descriptions and particular pictures, as to which, every country usually has its own stipulation. P 144整理整理pptpptSupplementary marks are an

26、y official marks required by authorities. Some countries require the country of origin to be marked on every package, and weight and dimensions may also be required. 4) Supplementary (or Additional )Marks（附加標(biāo)志）（附加標(biāo)志） Packing terms in the contract are extremely important for the exporter. They are of

27、ten written in this way: “Goods must be packed in”. Sometimes the buyer may ask the exporter to pack the goods in his design. If his requirements can be met by you, you can accept his terms. Otherwise, try to persuade the buyer to adopt your own or traditional packing instead. Sometimes neutral pack

28、ing is offered. 整理整理pptppt- Stencil the marks on the two faces/sides (front and back side) on the outer package.Indicative markWarning markShipping markOriginal markPackage Mark 整理整理pptppt運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志的構(gòu)成*目的地的名稱或代號(hào)；* 收貨人和發(fā)貨人的代號(hào)；* 件號(hào)、批號(hào)、合同號(hào)或許可證號(hào)。收貨人收貨人目的港目的港整批貨物整批貨物600件中件中的第一件的第一件合同號(hào)合同號(hào)三角形的運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志三角形的運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志整批貨物總共整

29、批貨物總共600件件整理整理pptppt常用指示性標(biāo)志 滑動(dòng)開門滑動(dòng)開門 滑動(dòng)開門滑動(dòng)開門 推開推開 拉開拉開 SLIDE SLIDE PUSH PULL WATERPROOF THIS SIDE UP FRANGIBLE NO HOOKS 防潮防潮 此端朝上此端朝上 易碎品易碎品 禁用鉤禁用鉤整理整理pptpptWARNING MARKS（警告性標(biāo)志） 當(dāng)心火災(zāi)當(dāng)心火災(zāi)易燃物質(zhì)易燃物質(zhì) 當(dāng)心火災(zāi)當(dāng)心火災(zāi)氧化物氧化物 當(dāng)心爆炸當(dāng)心爆炸爆炸性物質(zhì)爆炸性物質(zhì)整理整理pptpptExercises Fill in the blanks with what you have learned: 1、包裝

30、標(biāo)志包括（、包裝標(biāo)志包括（ ）。）。 2、運(yùn)輸包裝的主要作用在于（、運(yùn)輸包裝的主要作用在于（ ）,防止在儲(chǔ)存、運(yùn)輸和裝防止在儲(chǔ)存、運(yùn)輸和裝卸過程中發(fā)生貨損貨差。卸過程中發(fā)生貨損貨差。 3、國際上通用的包裝上的條形碼有兩種、國際上通用的包裝上的條形碼有兩種:一種是用美國一種是用美國,加加拿大組織的統(tǒng)一編碼委員會(huì)編制拿大組織的統(tǒng)一編碼委員會(huì)編制,其使用的物品標(biāo)識(shí)符號(hào)為其使用的物品標(biāo)識(shí)符號(hào)為（ ）碼）碼;另一種是歐共體的歐洲物品編碼協(xié)會(huì)編制另一種是歐共體的歐洲物品編碼協(xié)會(huì)編制,其使用其使用的物品標(biāo)識(shí)符號(hào)為（的物品標(biāo)識(shí)符號(hào)為（ ）碼）碼. 4、中性包裝包括（、中性包裝包括（ ）和（）和（ ）. 5、運(yùn)

31、輸包裝上的標(biāo)志按其用途可分為（、運(yùn)輸包裝上的標(biāo)志按其用途可分為（ ）、（）、（ ）和（）和（ ）. 6、聯(lián)合國歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)簡化國際貿(mào)易程序工作組向各國、聯(lián)合國歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)簡化國際貿(mào)易程序工作組向各國推薦的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志包括四項(xiàng)內(nèi)容推薦的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志包括四項(xiàng)內(nèi)容: （ ）、（）、（ ）、（）、（ ）、）、和（和（ ）. 整理整理pptpptTrue or False1.1.國際貿(mào)易中國際貿(mào)易中, ,如一方違反合同的包裝條款如一方違反合同的包裝條款, ,另一方只能提出損害賠償另一方只能提出損害賠償, ,但無權(quán)拒收貨物但無權(quán)拒收貨物. ( ) . ( ) 2.2.銷售包裝的主要作用在于保護(hù)商品銷售

32、包裝的主要作用在于保護(hù)商品, ,以防在儲(chǔ)運(yùn)過程中發(fā)生貨損貨以防在儲(chǔ)運(yùn)過程中發(fā)生貨損貨差差. ( ) . ( ) 3.3.包裝標(biāo)識(shí)包括運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志包裝標(biāo)識(shí)包括運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志, ,指示性標(biāo)志和警告性標(biāo)志指示性標(biāo)志和警告性標(biāo)志, ,在買賣合同及有在買賣合同及有關(guān)運(yùn)輸單據(jù)中關(guān)運(yùn)輸單據(jù)中, ,對(duì)上述三種標(biāo)志的內(nèi)容都應(yīng)做出明確規(guī)定對(duì)上述三種標(biāo)志的內(nèi)容都應(yīng)做出明確規(guī)定. ( ) . ( ) 4.4.中性包裝的使用主要是為了避免一些關(guān)稅及非關(guān)稅壁壘中性包裝的使用主要是為了避免一些關(guān)稅及非關(guān)稅壁壘. ( ) . ( ) 5.5.運(yùn)輸包裝上的標(biāo)志就是指運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志，也就是通常所說的嘜頭（運(yùn)輸包裝上的標(biāo)志就是指運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志，也就是通

33、常所說的嘜頭（ ） 6.6.我國從日本進(jìn)口貨物，如按我國從日本進(jìn)口貨物，如按 FOB FOB 條件成交，需由我方派船到日本條件成交，需由我方派船到日本口岸接貨；如按口岸接貨；如按 CIF CIF 條件成交，則由日本租船舶和將貨物運(yùn)往中國條件成交，則由日本租船舶和將貨物運(yùn)往中國港口，可見，我方按港口，可見，我方按 FOB FOB 進(jìn)口承擔(dān)的貨物運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，比按進(jìn)口承擔(dān)的貨物運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，比按 CIF CIF 進(jìn)進(jìn)口承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大。（口承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大。（ ） 7.7.買賣合同中一般均應(yīng)該規(guī)定運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志、指示性標(biāo)志、警告性標(biāo)志。買賣合同中一般均應(yīng)該規(guī)定運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志、指示性標(biāo)志、警告性標(biāo)志。（ ） 整理整理pptpp

34、tCase Study One Chinese export company exported some goods to Canada, valued at $800 000. The contract stated that it should be packed in plastic bags, marks with English and French on each item. But the Chinese company used other packaging instead in the actual delivery, and still used only English

35、 marks. The foreign merchant, in order to adapt to the requirements of the local market and sales, hired people to change the packing and shipping marks. Then he asked for claim against the Chinese company. The Chinese company recognized something wrong, so compensated the customer. Question: Try to

36、 analyse the case. 整理整理pptpptAnswerAt present, many countries made regulations about packaging and labeling for commodities sold in the market and the imported goods must conform to the regulations, or else they will be prohibited for import or sale in the market. Label is a sign which is attached o

37、n the goods or packaging referring to the country, manufacturer, name of goods, goods components, quality characteristics, use method, etc. In making the sales package label, we should pay attention to the relevant state regulations for the administration of the label. Some developed countries often

38、 avail of these regulations as means of import restrictions which should cause enough attention. For example, in the European Union, there has a series of merchandise; basic content is commodity itself or packaging must with correct tags that can be fully read, and understandable. From this perspect

39、ive, the seller failed to strictly, according to contract, perform prescribed packing conditions which shall be deemed to be the obligation to a breach of contract. Our company has two faults, one is changing packaging materials, although the quality of goods itself is not affected; the another faul

40、t is that the mark is not stipulated according to the contract, due to the products belonging to the French area, the filling is often in French. Anyhow, in order to successfully export, we must understand and adapt to the special requirements of different state regulations, in order to reduce unnec

41、essary trouble 整理整理pptppt An Australian company dealt with us in cotton for many years. One day they sent us a coat, saying that the coat was a sample made by a garment factory with our dyeing cloth under our export contract. It was said that the two sleeves of the sample coat had obvious difference

42、, proving that the supply quality color of our end was bad and couldnt be used. They requested to return all the garments sewn and make another delivery of the same quality and quantity as being stipulated in the contract. Question: So, how should we reply? Why? 整理整理pptpptAnswerWe have nothing to do

43、 with the case and shall refuse compensation. Reasons are: (1) The contractor has delivered the cotton to the clothes vendors and that means an acceptance of our goods. Whoever has accepted the goods, the buyer has lost the right of return and requirements of the replacement goods. (2) Article 82 of

44、 the United Nations Convention on Contracts of the International Sales of Goods stipulates: if the buyer can not return the goods that is according to the actual receipt, he lost the right of return and requirements of the replacement goods. 整理整理pptppt British Moore Company with the condition of CIF, bought from LanTuo company 300 cases of canned fruit in Australia. The contract with a provision