三種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)精講與練習(xí)

1、思茅一中圖書館思茅一中圖書館思茅一中思茅一中祭孔儀式祭孔儀式思茅一中圖書館思茅一中圖書館思茅一中思茅一中祭孔儀式祭孔儀式思茅一中圖書館思茅一中圖書館思茅一中思茅一中祭孔儀式祭孔儀式思茅一中圖書館思茅一中圖書館思茅一中思茅一中祭孔儀式祭孔儀式思思茅茅一一中中靈靈感感勤勤奮奮成成功功路路I. 基本知識(shí)：基本知識(shí)：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是由是由名詞名詞或或代詞代詞加加非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞、形容詞形容詞等構(gòu)成的一種結(jié)構(gòu)，用等構(gòu)成的一種結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個(gè)句子。其名詞或代詞與其后的于修飾整個(gè)句子。其名詞或代詞與其后的非非謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞、形容詞形容詞等存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。等存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 獨(dú)立

2、主格結(jié)構(gòu)的類型：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的類型：1. 非謂語動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)2. 無動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)無動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)3. with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法特點(diǎn)：常置于句首或句獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法特點(diǎn)：常置于句首或句末，與句子之間不能使用任何連接詞，主要末，與句子之間不能使用任何連接詞，主要用作狀語；用作狀語；with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可用作定語。復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可用作定語。一般式一般式to doto be donedoingbeing done完成式完成式having done having been done過去分詞過去分詞done主動(dòng)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)被動(dòng)1. 非謂語動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語動(dòng)詞

3、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu). 學(xué)習(xí)體會(huì)與歸納學(xué)習(xí)體會(huì)與歸納n.+ non-infinitiveHis friends to come tonight, he his best to prepare the dinner.We our efforts, each man working like two. is trying謂語動(dòng)詞之后謂語動(dòng)詞之后redoubled與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)在進(jìn)行與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)在進(jìn)行The last bus having gone, we home. had to walk謂語動(dòng)詞之前謂語動(dòng)詞之前doing / having done / to do 的的異異同同與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作

4、的與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的時(shí)間關(guān)系時(shí)間關(guān)系邏輯主邏輯主謂關(guān)系謂關(guān)系doinghaving doneto do與謂語同時(shí)與謂語同時(shí)謂語之前謂語之前謂語發(fā)生時(shí)謂語發(fā)生時(shí)尚未發(fā)生尚未發(fā)生主主動(dòng)動(dòng)主動(dòng)主動(dòng)主動(dòng)主動(dòng)主動(dòng)主動(dòng)The test finished, well have our summer vocation.The food to be cooked, the pan was put over the fire.因?yàn)橐鲲?，鍋放在了火上。因?yàn)橐鲲?，鍋放在了火上。謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)尚未發(fā)生謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)尚未發(fā)生被動(dòng)被動(dòng)The food being cooked, Jims mother was liste

5、ning to music. 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行被動(dòng)被動(dòng)The food having been cooked, Jims mother listened to music. 杰姆的媽媽一邊做飯，一邊聽音樂。杰姆的媽媽一邊做飯，一邊聽音樂。在謂語動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生之前發(fā)生被動(dòng)被動(dòng)杰姆的媽媽做好了飯以后，聽了音樂。杰姆的媽媽做好了飯以后，聽了音樂。被動(dòng)被動(dòng)在謂語動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生之前發(fā)生考試結(jié)束以后，我們將開始暑假考試結(jié)束以后，我們將開始暑假了。了。 to be done / being done / (having been) done的的異異同同與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的與謂語動(dòng)

6、詞動(dòng)作的時(shí)間關(guān)系時(shí)間關(guān)系邏輯主邏輯主謂關(guān)系謂關(guān)系to be donebeing donehaving been donedone與謂語同時(shí)與謂語同時(shí)謂語之前謂語之前(=done)謂語發(fā)生時(shí)謂語發(fā)生時(shí)尚未發(fā)生尚未發(fā)生被被動(dòng)動(dòng)謂語之前謂語之前Many trees and flowers to be planted, our newly-built school will look more beautiful. The manager looks worried, many things to settle. 被動(dòng)被動(dòng)“n. / pron. + 不定式不定式”的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，如的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，

7、如果果n. / pron.為不定式動(dòng)作的承受者，且句子主為不定式動(dòng)作的承受者，且句子主語為不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，通常不定式要用語為不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，通常不定式要用主動(dòng)式，否則不定式要用被動(dòng)式。主動(dòng)式，否則不定式要用被動(dòng)式。被動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式主動(dòng)式主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)被動(dòng)2. 無動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)無動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)n. + (being) + predicativen.adj.adv.prep-phrase此結(jié)構(gòu)常被看作是此結(jié)構(gòu)常被看作是“名詞名詞 / 代詞代詞 + being + 表語表語” 省略了省略了being的結(jié)構(gòu)。的結(jié)構(gòu)。Ten students entered for the compe

8、tition, the youngest being a boy of 12. 十個(gè)學(xué)生報(bào)名參加了這次競賽，年紀(jì)最小的是十個(gè)學(xué)生報(bào)名參加了這次競賽，年紀(jì)最小的是個(gè)個(gè)12歲的男孩。歲的男孩。 The little girl entered the room, her face being red with cold. 小女孩走進(jìn)了房間，她的臉凍得通紅。小女孩走進(jìn)了房間，她的臉凍得通紅。School being over, we all went home.放學(xué)后，我們都回家去了。放學(xué)后，我們都回家去了。He is standing in front of the blackboard, his

9、back being towards us. 他站在黑板面前，背對(duì)著我們。他站在黑板面前，背對(duì)著我們。 I received many Christmas gifts, some of them books.He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.The music on, I cant focus my mind on the work. The new teacher came in, a smile on her face. 注注: 在表示方式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了使句子在表示方式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了使句子簡潔，往往將簡潔，往往將“邏輯主語邏輯主語 + 介詞短

10、語介詞短語”中的中的冠詞或代詞都省略。冠詞或代詞都省略。The guard stood by the door, gun in hand.注意：注意：being在下列兩種情況下一般不能省略：在下列兩種情況下一般不能省略： 1) “There being + 名詞名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中：結(jié)構(gòu)中： There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于沒有公共汽車，我們只好走回家。由于沒有公共汽車，我們只好走回家。2) 邏輯主語為邏輯主語為代詞代詞時(shí)：時(shí)： It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 因?yàn)槭切瞧谌?，所有辦公室都關(guān)門

11、。因?yàn)槭切瞧谌?，所有辦公室都關(guān)門。There being a lot of work to do, I cant go with you.There having been no rain for a long time, the ground was very dry.It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.to dodoingdone n.adj.adv.prep-phrase3. with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)前述的前述的“n. / pron. + 非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞”和和“n. / pron. + (being) 表

12、語表語“兩種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，大兩種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，大多可在其前加上介詞多可在其前加上介詞with，這就形成了，這就形成了with復(fù)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。合結(jié)構(gòu)。withwithout+ O + OCWith so much work to do, I dont know if Ill have time to go out.The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. With his homework finished, he went to see a film.The old man lives alone with the do

13、g his only companion.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.With John away, weve got more room.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. . 高考試題體驗(yàn)高考試題體驗(yàn)1. The party will be held in the garden, weather _. (2012新課標(biāo)全國卷新課標(biāo)全國卷 28) A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permitA.2. The old c

14、ouple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them. (2012遼寧卷遼寧卷25) A. to follow B. following C. followed D. followsB.3. Bats are surprising long-lived creatures, some _ a life span of around 20 years. (2011浙江卷浙江卷3) A. having B. had C. have D. to haveA.4. John received an invi

15、tation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. (2007安徽安徽) A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished A.5. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. (2007重慶卷重慶卷25) A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finishedB.6. The coun

16、try has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched (2007年山東卷年山東卷13)B.7. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. (2007福建福建) Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I

17、almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filledB.8. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. (2005北京北京) A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go onA.9. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. (2005湖南湖南34) A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followedC.

18、 鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)1. There I met several people, two of _ being foreigners. 2. There I met several people, two of _ were foreigners.3. There I met several people, and two of _ were foreigners. A. who B. them C. whom D. thatB.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)C.B.非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句and連接并列句連接并列句要特別注意的是，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之要特別注意的是，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間可用

19、逗號(hào)分開，但間可用逗號(hào)分開，但不能使用任何連接詞不能使用任何連接詞。4. Father came home, _. Which is wrong? A. a dog following him B. followed by a dog C. being followed by a dog D. a dog followed himD.5. _ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper. Which is wrong? A. If he gives B. Given C. If given D. If he is givenA.6. _ a r

20、ainy day, all the farmers had to stay inside. A. It being B. Being C. It was D. There wasA.7. There _ nothing more to do, Mr. Goodman left for home. A. was B. being C. to be D. has been B.8. The dining room is clean and tidy, with a table already_ for a big meal. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being

21、 laidA.9. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. thatB.10. With prices _ going up, it is sometimes difficult for us to make ends meet on our small income. A. kept B. keeping C. to keep D. being keptB.11. Silver is the best conductor of electr

22、icity, copper _ it closely. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. followsB.12. Not far from the school there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A. its B. whose C. which D. that A.13. With some books he needed _, he went into the bookstore qu

23、ickly. A. to buy B. bought C. to be bought D. buyingA.14. All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. having consideredA.15. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand _ a gun and his face _ with sweat. A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding; covered D. held; covering C.16. The fou