高二英語 單元單詞短語句型知識梳理 Unit4 大綱人教版第二冊

1、Unit 4理解:要點詮釋單詞1.absence講： n.缺席；不在；缺乏例：Behave yourself during my absence.我不在時你要規(guī)矩點。Absence of rain caused the plants to die.因缺水導致植物枯死。鏈接·拓展 absence of mind心不在焉， absent adj. be absent from缺席 He was absent from school yesterday. 他昨天曠課了。 反義詞present adj. be present at出席；到場練：The presence of social s

2、upport helps people fend off（避開）illness,and the _of such support makes poor health more likely.A.absence B.absent C.appearance D.help提示:注意此處為對比結(jié)構(gòu)，所以此空中的用詞應(yīng)該和presence相對應(yīng)。答案:A2.apart講：adv.遠離地；隔開地；向一邊；在一邊短語:take.apart把拆開apart from prep. 除外例：The two houses are 500 metres apart.這兩所房子相距500米。She lives apar

3、t from her parents.她和父母分開住。They planted the trees three metres apart.他們每隔三米種一棵樹。He took me apart in order to speak to me alone.他把我領(lǐng)到一邊，以便單獨跟我說話。He took the engine apart in order to find where there was wrong.他把引擎拆開查找問題所在。練：_ the cost,the dress doesnt suit me.A.Except B.Expect C.Apart from D.Beside提示

4、:apart from具有多重意義：既可表示besides,也可以表示except或except for,還可以表示without的意思。答案:C3.contribute講：vt.& vi.貢獻；捐獻；投稿短語:contribute.to.把貢獻給；把投給contribute to 為作貢獻；有助于；向投稿例：He contributed a lot of money to the charity.他捐很多錢給慈善機構(gòu)。She contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.她在這次討論中提出很多好的意見。He didnt contr

5、ibute anything to world peace.他對世界和平毫無貢獻。I contributed several poems to a literary magazine.我投了幾首詩給一本文學雜志。The fair weather contributed to the success of the voyage.良好的天氣助成了那次航行。A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.適度的運動有益健康。The construction of a highway will contribute to the growt

6、h of the suburbs.建造高速公路將有助于郊區(qū)的發(fā)展。鏈接·提示 n. contribution 貢獻 make contributions to作出貢獻練：Eating too much fat can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A.result from B.contribute to C.attend to D.devote to提示:本題考查短語動詞的用法。根據(jù)句子的意思分析，此處應(yīng)使用能表示“導致”的短語。短語動詞contribute to的意思是“有助于；促成”，相當于lead to。答案:B4

7、.recommend 講：vt.推薦；介紹；勸告；建議短語:recommend sth.(to sb.)(for sth.)recommend sb.sth.recommend(for sth./as sth.)recommend sb.to dorecommend doingrecommend that.例：Can you recommend me a good novel?你能給我推薦一本好小說嗎？He will recommend you for the job.他將會推薦你擔任那一職務(wù)。I recommend her as your secretary.我推薦她當你的秘書。I reco

8、mmend going by railway.我建議乘火車。The doctor recommended me to take a long rest.醫(yī)生勸我長期休息。The teacher recommended that I (should) read the novel.老師勸我讀那部小說。Can you recommend me a good lawyer?你能推薦一位好律師給我嗎？鏈接·提示 recommend在作“建議”講時，其同義詞為advise。recommend后接賓語從句時，從句謂語動詞用should+動詞原形,should可省略。練：I _ you to bu

9、y this dictionary.A.recommend B.suggest C.agree D.apply提示:此處用recommend表示“建議”。其他詞均不能用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。答案:A短語come into being講：該短語為不及物動詞短語，表示“出現(xiàn)；形成；產(chǎn)生”。例：We do not know when the universe came into being.我們不知道宇宙何時開始存在。Thus the Great Wall came into being.這樣長城就形成了。Thus the first workers league came into being.

10、這樣第一個工人聯(lián)盟就出現(xiàn)了。Such a custom came into being long ago.這種風俗很久以前就有了。鏈接·拓展 come into power 上臺；掌權(quán)；執(zhí)政 This government came to/into power in 1998. 該政府于1998年執(zhí)掌政權(quán)。 come into effect 實行；實施；生效 The new tax regulations came into effect last week. 新稅法上周開始實施。 The telephone first came into use in the 1870s. 電話在

11、19世紀70年代開始使用。 come into sight/view 可以望見；出現(xiàn)在眼前 The mountain town came into sight/view as we turned the last corner. 我們拐過最后一個彎,山城就映入了我們的眼簾。練：The town came into _ as we turned the corner.A.being B.use C.fashion D.sight提示:本題通過語境考查come into和不同名詞構(gòu)成短語的意思，短語come into being“形成”；come into use“開始使用”；come into

12、fashion“流行；入時”；come into sight“進入視線”。根據(jù)as we turned the corner得出答案為D。答案：D句型1.A is to B what C is to D.講：請觀察下列課文原句：A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.巢與鳥兒的關(guān)系如同房子和人的關(guān)系。A net is to a fisherman what a gun is to a hunter.網(wǎng)與漁夫的關(guān)系就像槍與獵人一樣。Arms are to the body what branches are to a tree.上肢與身體的關(guān)系就

13、像樹枝和樹的關(guān)系。A is to B what C is to D.這一句型表示“A對B而言正如C對D一樣”。例：We are to them what fish is to water.我們和他們的關(guān)系就像魚兒和水一樣。Honey is to a bee what milk is to a cow.蜂蜜與蜜蜂的關(guān)系如同牛奶和奶牛的關(guān)系。Furniture is to the living room what playground equipment is to the playground.家具與居室的關(guān)系如同體育器械和操場的關(guān)系。鏈接·提示 在本句型中只能使用what來引導。練：

14、Smell is to the nose _ taste is to the tongue.A.that B.what C.how D.which提示:本句話的意思為“嗅覺與鼻子的關(guān)系如同味覺和舌頭的關(guān)系”。答案:B2.連詞+過去分詞作狀語講：請觀察下面教材原句：Once published,his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.付印后，他的詩作因為行尾不押韻而大獲其名。講：Once published是Once it was published 的省略。英語中的某些連詞，如when,if

15、,unless,though,once等后可直接跟過去分詞作狀語。此時，過去分詞與句子的主語之間一定要具有被動關(guān)系。例：If trapped in a burning building,you should send for help.如果困在燃燒的房子里，你應(yīng)該尋求幫助。Although shot in the leg,he continued firing at the thief.雖然被擊中腿部，他繼續(xù)和小偷搏斗。The programme,once begun,must be continued.這項活動，一旦啟動，就必須繼續(xù)下去。Generally speaking,when tak

16、en according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.一般來說，如按說明吃藥，這種藥沒有副作用。Unless invited to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.在會議上，如果不請你講話，你就應(yīng)保持沉默。Ill go to attend the meeting if invited.如果受到邀請我就去參加那個會議。鏈接·提示 此句型為連詞過去分詞作狀語的用法。過去分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語應(yīng)該和主句的主語一致，且表示被動的動作。有時為了更準確地表示主句和從

17、句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，在過去分詞的前面使用連詞，相當于該連詞引導的狀語從句（從句謂語動詞為被動）。練：A beam of light will not bend round comers unless_to do so with the help of a reflecting device.A.having been made B.being made C.made D.you make提示:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子的意思，unless應(yīng)該引導狀語，但句子不完整?？裳a全句子內(nèi)容為unless it is made to do so，所以正確答案為C項。答案:C辨析1.remind，call uprem

18、ind v. 提醒；使想起常用結(jié)構(gòu)有:remind sb.of.使某人想起；remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事；remind sb.that.提醒She reminded me that I hadnt watered the flowers.她提醒我還沒有澆花。Remind me to mail the letter.提醒我寄這封信。The film reminded me of my childhood.這部電影使我想起了我的童年時代。即時練習:The picture of the park _memories of our class trip last year.A

19、.called up B.reminded C.turned up D.came up提示:call up打電話；使回憶起；召集；remind sb.of.使某人回憶起（賓語為人）；turn up出現(xiàn)；到達；把開大/擰大；come up上升；提出。根據(jù)句意此處應(yīng)表示“使我想起了去年我們班的旅行”。答案：A2.despite,in spite of,though三者都有“盡管”之意，但詞性不同。前兩者為介詞，后跟名詞，通常情況下可換用。而though 是連詞，后跟句子。即時練習:(1)Hes very active _ his age.(2) _ all their hard work,the project ended in failure.(3) _ it was very late,the child would not go to bed.(4)Young _ he was he knew a lot.答案:(1)despite/in spite of (2)In spite of/Despite (3)Though (4)though誘思:實例點撥【例1】 (2010重慶高考) The old ladys hand shook frequently.She explained to her doctor _ this shaking had begun half a y