非謂語動詞講解(超全)

1、非謂語動詞復習非謂語動詞：a.動詞不定式to dob.現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞doingc.過去分詞done概述：1.語語動詞：在句子中擔任謂語的動詞2非謂語動詞：是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分（有一個特殊情況：過去分詞不具備名詞性，所以補充當主語或賓語。）非謂語動詞使用條件：一個簡單句中有且只有一個謂語動詞一個句子當中，已經(jīng)存在一個謂語動詞，又沒有連詞白卜青況下，應使用非謂語動詞。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the busbut left her handbag on her se

2、at.所有的非謂語動詞的否定都是在其前面加NOT動詞不定式1 .動 詞不定式 的變體動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，由不定式符號 （to）加動詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式的形式有五種：主動被動一式完成式進行式例如：I like to read English.例如： He seemed to be reading something at that time.例如： He seemed to have cleaned the room.例如：The work is to be done soon.例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yester

3、day.2 .動詞不定式的用法I.作主語To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式主語，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡It is a great enjoyment to spend our holiday in the mountains.句型3: It is + adj + for sb to do sth （是形容事物的性質(zhì)的）It is + adj + of sb to do sth (是形容人的品質(zhì)的)It is easy for me to finish this work b

4、efore ten.It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.II.作賓語接不定式做賓語 I want to know this matter.(1)常見動詞有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn,seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish(2)it作形式賓語I find/feel to

5、work with him interesting . I find/feel it interesting to work with him .3.?I?feel?it?my?duty?to?change?all?that. 2.We think it important to obey the law.卜列詞接動名詞和不定式均可，但意義不同的動詞:stop to do停下來去做forget to do 忘記要做remember to do 記得要做regret to do遺憾要做stop doing停止做forget doing忘記做過remember doing 記得做過regret d

6、oing 后悔做過try to do企圖做，盡力做try doing試著做go on to do繼續(xù)做（另一件事）go on doing繼續(xù)做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做mean doing 意味做In some parts of London, missing a bus means for another hour.A waiting B to waiting C waitD to be waitingBoys, don't forget the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closing B. closed C.

7、 to closing D. to closeShe reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. restRemember the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn off B. turning off C. turn off D. to turning off一般說來，介詞后接動詞通常應是動名詞。但是介詞 but（except也一樣）卻比較特殊，其 后接動詞時，可以接不定式，并且這個不定式可

8、以帶to也可以不帶to , “前有do,后無to 'I have no choice but to wait.1 .當其前的謂語含有實義動詞do（可以是各種形式）時，其后的不定式通常不帶to：She will do anything but play chess也除了下棋外什么都愿干。He did nothing all day except watch TV.他一整天除了看電視什么也沒做。2 .當其前的謂語沒有某種形式的實義動詞do時，其后的不定式通常要帶to：They had no choice but to obey他們別無選擇只有服從。He wanted nothing but

9、 to stay here他除了想呆在這里外，其他什么也不想。3 .當其前含有實義動詞do但不是用作謂語時，其后的不定式帶不帶to均可，但以不帶to為多：There ' s nothinto do but （to） leave.只好離開。There was nothing to do but （to） wait.除了 等沒有其他的辦法。4 . 在 cannot but, cannot choose/help but之后接不帶 to 的不定式I can ' t do anything but go out with her.III.作賓語補足語1. I ' ll?get?

10、someoneepair?the?recorder?for?you.2. What?caused?him?to change?his?mind?advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage,force, get, hate, invite , order, wish?, want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb. to do注意：（1）在動詞 feel （一感）,hear, listen to （二聽）,have, let, make（三讓）,notice, see,

11、 watch, observe, lookat五看）（即：吾看三室兩廳一感覺）等后面的補足語中，不定式不 帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，必須帶 to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree.The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(2)help后面作賓語補足語的不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to.I often help him (to) clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.He is often heard to sing the song.Though he of

12、ten made his deskmate cry, today he was made to cry by his deskmate.3) IV .作定語不定式所修飾的詞前面有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級或only修飾She is always the last to leave the room.不定式為不及物動詞且和所修飾的名詞是動賓關系時，須加介詞.I have something important to say. Please find a piece of papeo write on.Excuse me could I use your pen for a moment I have

13、no pen to write with不定式主表被問題I have a 10t of homework to do.V.作狀語不定式作狀語可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因。I came here to see yo uHe hurried to the school to find nobody there.l乎意料的結(jié)果)We were very exdted to hear the news (常見形容詞后常用不定式)對比 To learn English well, he needs a good dictionary.不定式的主動形式表示被動意義I have something import

14、ant to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame.This question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to carry.動名詞一.動名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞的基本構(gòu)成主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)f式完成式No one likes being laughed at.I don t remembeaving ever been given a chance to do it.s health.(作主語).doing的功用(1) Smokingdoes great harm to people It is

15、 no use crying.2D It is no good objecting My job is looking after children.(作表語) (3) I have finishedreading the novel.(作賓語) We have got aswimming pool in our school.(做定語)常見的動詞有： admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include,keep(on), mind, , practice, miss, r

16、esist.'t stand , give up,短語:be/get used to ,be accustomed tcan ' t help/stop, can feel like, look forward to, get down to, havdifficulty/trouble (in),be busy (in),put off e.g. She sat there withspueaking.doing主動表被動: The room wantscleaning The method needsmproving. This pair of shoes requirme

17、nding. The question is well worth _discussing(discuss)”后接動名詞表示“習慣性動作”，后接不定式表示“心理d) 動詞 “ like, love, hate, prefer一次具體動作"。例如： I like swimming, but I don ' tolswim this afternoondoing的復合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞前可以加一個物主代詞或名詞所有格來表示這個動名詞邏輯上的主語，構(gòu)成動 名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)或動名詞短語a.動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時一般用名詞所有格或形容詞性的物主代詞。例如：Nixon ' s visiti

18、ng Chinmarked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations®松訪 問中國標志著中美外交關系進入一個新的時代Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.b.在口語和非正式語體中，只要不是作主語,動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語常采用名詞通 格或人稱代詞賓格。例如：The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.分詞（一）分詞的作用現(xiàn)在分詞表示：主動，動作正在進行。過去分詞

19、表示：被動，動作已經(jīng)完成。1 .作定語Do you know the boy standing at the gate?Have you read the book written by Lu Xun2 .作表語We are excited at the news.The news he told us is exciting.3 .作賓語補足語I heard him singing a song in the classroom.We found the ground covered with snow.4 .作狀語While lying in bed, he listened to som

20、e music.Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，否則分詞前面必須有自己的主語?，F(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行，過去分詞表被動完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the

21、bad news, they couldn(Whe n theypneryinghe bad news)3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. (If they had been given more attention)4. I stood by the door,notdaringtosayaword.?Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. (Because he was so angry)They came into the classroomsinging and laughing

22、(and they were singing laughing)To serve the people well study hard. (In order to serve the people well)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，帶邏輯主語的分詞短語成為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在句法功能上起狀語作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting being over, they all left the room.Given more time, we could do

23、it better.The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.由There being心語 這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.with +復合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)(1) with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞 Don' t speak with your mouth full.(2) with+名詞/代詞+ 副詞 The square looks more beautiful than eve

24、r with thelights on.(3) with+名詞/代詞+ 介詞短語 He was asleep with his head on his arms.(4) with+名詞/代詞+ -ing 分詞 She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.(5) with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 不定式 With five minutes to go before the last train left

25、, we arrived here.(6) with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -en 分詞 With his matter settled, we left the room.【2012全國卷 II】10. Tony lent me the money,that I' d do as much for him.A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped【2012全國卷 II 15. The old man sat in front of the television every eveninhappyanything that happe

26、ned to be on.A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched【2012安徽】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. lockingB. to lockC. having lockedD. to have locked【2012安徽】30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said hefound it very inte

27、resting and rewarding.A. askingB. askedC. having asked D. to be asked【2012重慶】23.to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked【2012重慶】 28. We ' re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision at the meeting willinfluence t

28、he future of our company.A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. having been made【2012全國】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit【2012全國】 32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when such art forms as musicand painting.C. compare toA. havi

29、ng compared toB. comparing toD. compared to【2012北京】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and them.A. correctsB. correctC. to correctD. correcting【2012北京】27.with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. UseB. UsingC. UsedD. To use【2012北京】31.at the door before you enter my room, please.A. Knock

30、B. KnockingC. KnockedD. To knock【2012福建】 28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.A. attackingB. having attackingC. being attacked D. having been attacked【2012福建】34. Pressed from his parents, and that he ha

31、s wasted too much time, the boy isdetermined to stop playing video games.A. realizingB. realizedC. to realize D. being realized【2012 陜西】15.in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.A. StandingB. To standC. StoodD. Stand【2012陜西】22. If he takes on this work, he will have no ch

32、oice but an even greaterchallenge.A. meetsB. meetingC. meetD. to meet【2012山東】26. George returned after the war, only that his wife had left him.A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told【2012山東】35. After completing and signing it, pleasereturn the form to us in the envelopeA. providing B. provid

33、ed C. having provided D. provide【2012湖南】 21. We ' ve had a good start, but next, more work needs achieve the final success.A. being done B. doC. to be done D. to do【2012湖南】23. Time,correctly, is money in the bank.A. to useB. usedC. usingD. use【2012湖南】31. The lecture,at 7:00 pm last night, was fo

34、llowed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. startingB. being startingC. to startD. to be started【2012 天津】11. He got up late and hurried to his office,the breakfast untouched.A. leftB. to leaveC. leavingD. having left【2012江西】 33. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the newstudents.A. speakingB. having spokenC. to speakD. to have spoken【2012江西】 35. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.A. offeredB. offeringC. to offerD. to be offered【2012遼寧】25. The old couple often take a walk