倒裝句用法歸納

1、一.部分倒裝1. 否定副詞位于句首時(shí)的倒裝在正式文體中， n ever, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, noIon ger, nowhere等含有否定意義副詞若位于句首，則其后要用部分裝：I shall n ever forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)寬恕他。He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner.他很少 出去吃飯。She hardly has time to list

2、en to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music.她幾乎沒時(shí)間聽音樂。He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how importa nt this meeti ng is.他不甚明白這個(gè)會(huì)議的重要性。We had no sooner reached the airport tha n the pla ne took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than t

3、he plane took off.我們剛至U機(jī)場，飛機(jī)就 起飛了?！咀⒁狻?1) 對(duì)于notuntil句型，當(dāng)not until位于句首時(shí)，其后的主句要用倒裝語序：He didn ' t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.雨停了之后他才離開這房間。(2) 某些起副詞作用的介詞短語，由于含有否定詞，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒裝：On no accou nts must this switch be touched.這個(gè)開關(guān)是絕不能觸摸的。In

4、 Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.無論如何我也不會(huì) 再借錢給他了。但是，in no time（立即，馬上）位于句首時(shí)，其后無需用倒裝語序：In no time he worked out the problem.他馬上就算出了那道題。2. “ only狀語”位于句首時(shí)的倒裝當(dāng)一個(gè)狀語受副詞only的修飾且置于句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝語序：Only the n did he realize that he was wrong.至 U那時(shí)他才意識(shí)至 U他錯(cuò)了。Only in this way are you able to do it

5、well.你只有用這種方法才能把它做 好。Only whe n he returned home did he realize what had happe ned.當(dāng)他回至 U 家里時(shí)，才知道出了什么事。3. “ so+adj. / adv位于句首時(shí)的倒裝副詞so后接形容詞或副詞位于句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home 天氣太冷，我們只好 呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快，我 們幾乎沒法想像它

6、的速度。So sudde n was the attack that we had no time to escape襲擊來得非常突然，我們來不及逃跑。4. “ so助動(dòng)詞+主語”倒裝當(dāng)要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情況也同樣適合于后者，通常就要用Sc助動(dòng)詞+主語”這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):You are young and so am I.你年輕，我也年輕。She likes music and so do I.她喜歡音樂，我也喜歡。If he can do it, so can I.要是他能做此事，我也能。【注意】(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情況，要表示后者也屬于同樣的否定情況，則應(yīng)將其中的so改為nei

7、ther或nor：You aren ' t young and neither an你不年輕，我也不年輕。She hasn ' t read it and nor hav她沒有讀它，我也沒有讀。(2) 注意該結(jié)構(gòu)與表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或同意的“so主語+特殊動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別："It was cold yesterday." "So it was."昨天很冷?！钡拇_很冷。”"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did."爸爸：你答應(yīng)過的?！编牛谴饝?yīng)過。”5. 由not only

8、 but als引出的倒裝當(dāng)not onlybut als位于句首引出句子時(shí)，not only后的句子通常用部分倒裝形式：Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.他不僅是一位教師，而且是 一位詩人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily .不僅他講得更正確，也講得更不費(fèi)勁了。6. 虛擬條件句的省略與倒裝當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有 had, were, should等時(shí)，如將if省略，則要將had, were, should等移到主語前，構(gòu)成倒裝句：H

9、ad you come yesterday, you would have see n him若 你昨天來，你就會(huì)見 到他了。Should you require anything give me a ring.如果需要什么，可以給我打電 話。Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless.要不是你幫助，我會(huì)仍 然無家可歸?！咀⒁狻渴÷詉f后提前的had不一定是助動(dòng)詞：Had I money, I would buy it.假若我有錢，我就會(huì)買它。二.完全倒裝的四種主要類型1. here和there位于句首時(shí)的倒裝表示地點(diǎn)的here和t

10、here位于句首時(shí)，其后用完全倒裝形式。這類倒裝 句的謂語通常是動(dòng)詞be和come, go等表示移動(dòng)或動(dòng)態(tài)的不及物動(dòng)詞： Here ' s Ton湯姆在這里。There ' s Jin吉姆在那兒。Here comes the bus.公共汽車來了。There goes the bell.鈴響了。There goes the last trai n.最后一班火車開走了?！咀⒁狻?1) 以上倒裝句中的謂語動(dòng)詞come和go不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，即不能說Here is coming the bus(2) 若主語為代詞，則不倒裝：Here I am.我在這兒。/我來了。Here it com

11、es.它來了。 其中的動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也可能是 stand, lie, live等表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 俵示存 在）：There stood a desk aga inst the wall.靠墻放著一張書桌。Once upon a time there lived a man known by the n ame of Beef.從前有個(gè) 人名叫比夫。2. away和down等位于句首時(shí)的倒裝地點(diǎn)副詞 away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up等位于句首時(shí)，其后用完全倒裝語序。這類倒裝句的謂語通常表示動(dòng)態(tài)的不及物動(dòng)詞：Away went the runners.賽跑

12、選手們跑遠(yuǎn)了。Round and round flew the pla ne.飛機(jī)盤旋著。The door ope ned and in came Mr Smith.門開了，史密斯先生進(jìn)了來。Dow n came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，傘都撐起來了?！咀⒁狻咳糁髡Z為人稱代詞，則不能用倒裝：Away he went.他跑遠(yuǎn)了。Dow n it came.它掉了下來。3. 狀語或表語位于句首時(shí)的倒裝為了保持句子平衡或使上下文銜接緊密，有時(shí)可將狀語或表語置于句首，句中主語和謂語完全倒裝：Among these people was his fr

13、ie nd Jim.他的朋友吉姆就在這些人當(dāng)中。By the window sat a young man with a magaz ine in his hand.窗戶邊坐著 一個(gè)年輕人，手里拿著一本雜志?！咀⒁狻吭诒碚Z置于句首的這類倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，要注意其中的謂語應(yīng)與其后的主語保持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語保持一致。比較：In the box was a cat.箱子里是一只貓。In the box were some cats.箱子里是一些貓。4. 分詞和不定式置于句首的倒裝有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，可將謂語部分的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞或不定式置于句首，從而構(gòu)成倒裝：Buried in the sands

14、 was an an cie nt village. 一個(gè)古老的村莊被埋在這沙土之中。Sta ndi ng beside the table was his wife.站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully con sidered are the followi ng questi ons.下列問題要仔細(xì)考慮。涉及only的倒裝及考題分析按英語習(xí)慣同，當(dāng)“only+犬語”位于句首時(shí)，其后句子要用部分倒裝。如:Only the n did he realize that he was wrong.至 U那時(shí)他才意識(shí)至 U他錯(cuò)了。Only in this way are you ab

15、le to do it well.你只有用這種方法才能把它做好。Only in this way can our honour be saved.只有這樣，才能保住我們的榮Only then did I un dersta nd what she mea nt.只有到那時(shí)我才明白她的意思。Only after her death was I able to appreciate her.只有至 U她死后我才認(rèn)識(shí) 到她的價(jià)值。Only whe n he returned home did he realize what had happe ned.當(dāng)他回至 U 家里時(shí)，才知道出了什么事。On l

16、y in this way can we lear n En glish. 只有這樣才能學(xué)會(huì)英語。The pilot reassured the passe ngers. Only the n did I realize how dan gerousthe situation had bee n.飛機(jī)駕駛員要乘客們放心，這時(shí)我才明白剛才的情況有多危險(xiǎn)。Only on one point do I agree with you.只有一點(diǎn)，我同意你的說法。【典型考題】1. Only the nhow much damage had bee n caused.A. she realized B. s

17、he had realizedC. had she realized D. did she realize2. On ly after my frie nd came.A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computerC. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired特別說明：不是利用位于句首的“ only+犬語”來考查倒裝，而是倒過來，利用給定的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)來考查對(duì)only的選擇。：by keep ing dow n costs will Power Data hold

18、its adva ntage over other compa ni es.A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet涉及副詞so的兩類常考倒裝這類倒裝主要見于以下兩種情形：1. 當(dāng)副詞so后接形容詞或副詞位于句首時(shí)，其后要用部分倒裝。如: So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home 天氣太冷，我們只好 呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快，我 們幾乎沒法想象它的速度。So sudde n was the a

19、ttack that we had no time to escape襲擊來得非常突然，我們來不及逃跑。2. 當(dāng)要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情況也同樣適合于后者，通常就要用“Sc助動(dòng)詞+主語”這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：You are young and so am I.你年輕，我也年輕。She likes music and so do I.她喜歡音樂，我也喜歡。If he can do it, so can I.要是他能做此事，我也能?！镜湫涂碱}】1. So difficultit to work out the problem that I decided to askTom for advice.

20、A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found2. about wild pla nts that they decided to make a trip toMadagascar for further research.A. so curious the couple was B. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious3. It ' s burning hot today,

21、isnYes. t it? yesterday.A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it特別說明：(1)若前面提出某一否定的情況，要表示后者也屬于同樣的否定情況，則應(yīng)將其中的so改為neither或nor。如：You aren ' t young and neither an你不年輕，我也不年輕。She hasn ' t read it and nor hav她沒有讀它，我也沒有讀。考題（答案選D）:Mary n ever does any readi ng in the eve ning,.A. so does Joh

22、 n B. Joh n does tooC. John doesn ' t too D. nor does John 注意“So助動(dòng)詞+主語”與表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或同意的“So主語+助動(dòng)詞"的區(qū)別。如：“It was cold yesterday.”“昨天很冷s. ” '的確很冷?！笨碱}（答案分別為CD）:1. Maggie had a won derful time at the party. , and so did I.A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she2. Father, you promise

23、d!Well,. But it was you who didn' tkeep your word first.A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did倒裝句中的主謂一致在 副詞 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作狀語或表語的介詞短語或分詞短語+謂語動(dòng)詞+主語”的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由動(dòng)詞后面的主語決定。如：On the wall hang two maps.墻上掛著兩張地圖。On the wall hangs a world of map.墻上掛著一張世界地圖。

24、Here is your coat.這是你的外套。Here are your runnin g-shoes.這是你的跑鞋。Such is the result.結(jié)果就是這樣。Such are the results.這就是結(jié)果。副詞后的倒裝here和there之后以及諸如 back, down, off, up等一類的副詞小品詞之后，名詞主語一般置于謂語之后。這類副詞常與諸如 come和go等轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞一起連用。如：Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train!有輛出租車來了 ! 最后一班 火車開走了 !（注意這里不可用進(jìn)行時(shí)）Dow n came t

25、he rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，傘都撐了起來。當(dāng)我們給人東西或確定位置時(shí)，這種倒裝常用在be之后（主語往往是復(fù)數(shù)）。如：Here ' s a cup of tea for yo給你一杯茶。（給東西）Here ' s your letter這兒有你的信。（給與或指明）There '重讀賣）Johnny smith.約翰尼 史密斯在那兒。（確定位置）主語如是代詞則不倒裝。如：Here it comes.它來了。There she goes.她走了。Up it went.它上去了。Here you are.給你。There she

26、is.她在那兒。地點(diǎn)狀語后的倒裝地點(diǎn)狀語后面如有表示位置的動(dòng)詞（如lie, live, sit, stand）或轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞（如come, go, rise）,用作主語的名詞可以放在動(dòng)詞之后。這種情形主要出現(xiàn)在描寫文中。如：At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel.那座小教堂矗立在山頂上。In the fields of poppies lay the dyi ng soldiers.罌粟地里躺著奄奄一息的士兵們。別的動(dòng)詞如屬被動(dòng)語態(tài)也可以倒裝。In the dista nee could be see n the purple moun tai

27、ns 遠(yuǎn)處可以見至 U紫色的山。主語如是代詞則不能倒裝：At the top of the hill it stood out aga inst the sky.它背襯青天矗立在山頂上。否定副詞之后的倒裝否定或近似否定副詞（往往是時(shí)間或頻度副詞，如 never, rarely, seldom）,或是具有否定作用的副詞，如little, on no account等。如：Never / Seldom has there bee n so much protest aga inst the Bomb這么強(qiáng)烈的反對(duì)原子彈的抗議活動(dòng)從未/很少/有過。Little does he realize how

28、 importa nt this meeti ng is.他對(duì)這個(gè)會(huì)議的重要性不甚了了。On no acco unt must you accept any money if he offers it.他如要給你錢，你可絕不能接受。當(dāng)這種副詞不在句首時(shí)，當(dāng)然應(yīng)該用正常詞序：There has never / seldom been so much protest against the Bomb從未 /很少發(fā)生過這么強(qiáng)烈的反對(duì)原子彈的抗議活動(dòng)。He little realizes how importa nt this meeti ng is. 他不甚明白這個(gè)會(huì)議的重要性。另外，有些含有否定意

29、義的介詞短語置于句首時(shí)， 其后也要用倒裝。如:In no case should you give up.你絕不能放棄。On no con dition should we tell her about it.我們絕不能把此事告訴她。On no accounts must this switch be touched個(gè)開關(guān)是絕 不能觸摸的。In Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.無論如何我也不會(huì)再借錢給他了。Un der no circumsta nces should you lend him any mon ey.你無論如何都不

30、該把錢借給他。No way will I go on worki ng for that ma n. 我不再給那個(gè)人工作了。涉及not onlybut also的部分倒裝not only but also前后連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí)，not only后的句子要用部分倒裝，但but also后的分句不用倒裝。如：Not only did he come, but he saw her.他不僅來了，而且還見到了她。Not only does she speak Spani sh, (but) she also knows how to type 她不但 會(huì)說西班牙語，還會(huì)打字呢。Not only is he

31、 a teacher, but he is also a poet.他不僅是一位教師，而且是 一位詩人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.不僅他講 得更正確，也講得更不費(fèi)勁了。Not only did they prese nt a musical performa nee, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments.他們不但做了音 樂表演，而且簡短地介紹了西方銅管樂器的歷史。類

32、似So / Neither do I的部分倒裝so / neither / nor表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者時(shí)，其句型是：so /neither/ no葉特殊詞+主語。使句此句型需注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 內(nèi)容是肯定 時(shí)，用so,內(nèi)容是否定時(shí)，用neither或nor； 特殊詞”與前句中的情 態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或be相同，或根據(jù)前句的時(shí)態(tài)，用do, does, did； 特 殊詞”的人稱和數(shù)與其后的主語一致； 特殊詞”本身沒有否定形式。如：You are young and so am I.你年輕，我也年輕。She likes music and so do I.她喜歡音樂，我也喜歡。If he can

33、 do it, so can I.要是他能做此事，我也能。You aren ' t young and neither am你不年輕，我也不年輕。She hasn ' t read it and nor hav她沒有讀它，我也沒有讀。涉及sothat的部分倒裝在so. that結(jié)構(gòu)中，若將so+adj. / adv.置于句首，則其后的主句要用部分倒裝。如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home 天氣太冷，我們只好 呆在家里。So much did they eat that they could not move

34、for the next hour.他們吃得太多了，一個(gè)小時(shí)都動(dòng)彈不得。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他 講話聲音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都聽得見。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快，我 們幾乎沒法像它的速度。So sudde n was the attack that we had no time to escape襲擊來得非常突然，我們來不及逃跑。類似地，當(dāng)suchthat 結(jié)構(gòu)的such置于句首時(shí)，such后的句子也要 使用部分倒裝。如：Such a n ice man did he seem that we all believe him.他像個(gè)很和藹的人，所以我們都喜歡他。表語或狀語置于句首時(shí)的完全倒裝有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或者為了使句子平衡或者為了使上下文連接得更加緊密， 就將表語和地點(diǎn)狀語（多為介詞短語）置于