高中英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法1

1、構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法合成詞Compounding) (有兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞):轉(zhuǎn)化詞轉(zhuǎn)化詞Conversion (將一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞性將一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞性):派生詞派生詞Derivation） (在詞根上加上前、后綴構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞在詞根上加上前、后綴構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞):everyday pathway riversideunfair darkness disagree freedomlock place nurse 合成詞合成詞 Compoundpain-killercolor- blindsleep-walksleep-walker1. 合成名詞合成名詞 (1) n+n air co

2、nditioner blood pressure income tax credit card (2) adj + n central bank fast food solar system remote control空調(diào)空調(diào) 血壓血壓所得稅所得稅 信用卡信用卡中央銀行中央銀行 快餐快餐太陽(yáng)系太陽(yáng)系 遙控遙控 (3) v-ing +另一詞另一詞 washing machine driving license (4) 其他方式其他方式 by-product editor-in-chief洗衣機(jī)洗衣機(jī)駕駛執(zhí)照駕駛執(zhí)照副產(chǎn)品副產(chǎn)品主編主編2. 合成形容詞合成形容詞 (1) 過去分詞或帶過去分詞或帶

3、ed詞尾的詞構(gòu)成。詞尾的詞構(gòu)成。 absent-minded grey-haired warm-hearted (2) 動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的ing 和另一詞構(gòu)成和另一詞構(gòu)成 long-suffering far-reaching心不在焉的心不在焉的頭發(fā)灰白的頭發(fā)灰白的熱心腸的熱心腸的長(zhǎng)期受苦的長(zhǎng)期受苦的深遠(yuǎn)的深遠(yuǎn)的(影響影響)3. 合成動(dòng)詞及合成副詞合成動(dòng)詞及合成副詞 overeat baby-sit empty-handed 吃得太多吃得太多看孩子看孩子 一無所獲的一無所獲的加前綴：加前綴： happy -happy - _happyhappy 加后綴：加后綴： develop -develop -

4、 developdevelop_既加前綴又加后綴：既加前綴又加后綴： employ -employ -_employemploy_unmentunmentunfortunately派生法（派生法（DerivationDerivation）-詞綴詞綴法法1. 1. 前綴前綴: :Pre- （前）（前）pre-reading, preview, predictRe- (重新)rewrite, reconsider, reusedis- （不不）disagree , dislike , disappear, discoverin/im/il/ir- 不不incorrect, impossible,

5、illegal, irregularmis （錯(cuò)誤或失當(dāng)）（錯(cuò)誤或失當(dāng)）super- （超級(jí)）（超級(jí)）mini-（微?。ㄎ⑿。﹎isunderstand, misleadsupermarket, supermanminiskirt, minibusforetell, forecastpost(之后)postwar, post-readingfore-(前，預(yù)先前，預(yù)先)semicircle, semi-finalsemi-(半，部分半，部分)antiwar, anti-Japanese waranti- (阻止，抗阻止，抗) co-worker, coexist, co-ownerco- （

6、聯(lián)合，共同）（聯(lián)合，共同） a- （表語(yǔ)形容詞）（表語(yǔ)形容詞） asleep, awake, alivemid- （表示中間）（表示中間） midday, midnight2. 常見的后綴常見的后綴1).名詞后綴名詞后綴 ：-er -or -ist -cian -eer -mate-hood -ion -tion -ment -ity 請(qǐng)將以下單詞和上列相應(yīng)的后綴相連，組成新詞：請(qǐng)將以下單詞和上列相應(yīng)的后綴相連，組成新詞：work, educate, develop, visit, satisfy, teach, sail, ability, piano, art, child, act, b

7、rother, solute, conclude, move, possible-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionteacher, workervisitor, sailor education, satisfactiondevelopment, movementability, possibility pianist, artist childhood, brotherhood action, solution, conclusion如如 ：-ous-ful-able, -ible-ant, -ent-ary - ive -y , -ly - ed -less

8、dangerous, humoroushelpful, carefulcomfortable, responsible important, excellent military, voluntary active, expensive, attractivecloudy, sunny, sleepy, friendly, weekly tired, interested, bored useless, helpless, careless2）.形容詞后綴：形容詞后綴：3）. 副詞性的詞綴：副詞性的詞綴：-ly-wardsquickly, softly, properlybackwards,

9、forwards轉(zhuǎn)化法轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）tasten. 味道v.嘗起來It has a good taste.It tastes very good.record n.記錄記錄v. 記錄記錄Liu Xiang broke the 100mHurdles World Record .He likes to record something while reading a book. 縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫 : : 縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫( (也被稱為截?cái)喾ɑ蛞脖环Q為截?cái)喾ɑ蚩s短法縮短法) )主要采取主要采取: “: “截頭截頭”, ,“去尾去尾”或者或者 “既截頭又去尾既截頭又去尾”的方

10、法生成新詞的方法生成新詞. .telephone-phone airplaneplanelaboratory-lab mathematics-math advertisementad examination-exam 另外還有許多縮寫詞是由各個(gè)單詞的另外還有許多縮寫詞是由各個(gè)單詞的首字母組成首字母組成. CD ( compact disk) CCTV( China Central Television) NBA (National Basketball Association) UFO ( unidentified flying object) UN ( United Nations) ID

11、( identification) USA ( United States of America) 1. He was one of the first _ in the area. (settle)2. Look! How _ Kate is laughing! (happy)3. It snowed _ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)4. Edison was a great _. During his life he had many _. (invent)settlers happily hea

12、vily inventor inventions 構(gòu)詞法精練構(gòu)詞法精練 Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.5. More and more _ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign）6. We want _ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)7. Please give me some reference work. It will _ my task. (simple)8. The boy

13、had the _ of being half starved. (appear)9. The police have _ a plot against the President. (cover)10. The doctor said that Marys mother needed an _.(operate) foreigners satisfactory simplify appearance uncovered /discoveredoperation 11. She hoped that her son would become a _. (music)12. Few _ word

14、s made us excited. (speak)13. The days on the moon get hotter than _ water. (boil)14. Turning ones back to others is to show _. (angry)15. Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college _ . (expensive)16. Most international _ letters are written in English, too. (busy)musician spoken boiling angerexpe