unit1friends知識講解牛津英語八年級上

1、牛津英語 8AUnit 1 知識講解( 2)重點(diǎn)講解His legs are very long and they do not fit under the school desks.他的雙腿很長，放在桌子底下不舒服.fit動詞，過去式和過去分詞要雙寫t加ed,現(xiàn)在分詞也要雙寫t加ing.a.作不及物動詞，意為 含適”合身”。如：Your clothes 6t well 你的衣服很合身。The door fits badly.這個門裝得不合適。They don' t 6t together它們酉己不起來。b.作及物動詞，意為 適合“裝上”。如：The coat doesn '

2、t fit me件大衣我穿不合身。The suit fitted her nicely.這身衣服以前很合她的身。The key doesn ' t fit the loCk鑰匙不配這把鎖。They fitted the doors with a lock.他們在門上裝上了鎖。2. he often knocks over our books and pens.常常把我們的書和鋼筆撞落下去knock over意為 撞翻"碰翻"，over用作副詞。如：Who knocked that bottle over? 誰把瓶子撞翻了 ?He knocked over a cup

3、 of tea 他碰翻杯茶.Who knocked it over? 誰把它撞倒了 ?注knock over常指 使往前倒”或 絆倒”之意。Knock down可指 打倒”撞倒 ”“擊落 ”“ 拆除 ” 等。如：I almost knocked him down 我差一點(diǎn)把他撞倒。They knocked down an enemy plane他們擊落一架敵機(jī)。These old buildings will sooner u later be knocked down這些舊房子遲早得拆掉。Knock (up) against碰撞 同沖突3. I thought of my great fri

4、end May when I read your advertisement.讀了你們的廣告后我想到了我的好朋友 梅。think ofa think of 意為 “想到” 。如：We often think of you 我們常常想到你。This made us think of our days at school這使我們想起求學(xué)的 日子 oHe thinks of others more than himself 他想到別人多于自己。We have to think of away to help him我們得想個辦法幫助他。b.與what連用，意為 對的看法如何”。如：What do y

5、ou think of the film? 你覺得這電影怎么樣?What did you think of his talk yesterday? 你覺得他昨天的報(bào)告怎么樣?4. When something worries me, I can always go to her.當(dāng)有什么事令我擔(dān)憂時，我總是能向她求助。go to her 向她求助5. say a bad word about sb 意為 餅?zāi)橙说膲脑?” =speak 川 of sb 如：He is an man who never says a bad word about anyone他是一個從不說任何人壞話的人。It i

6、s impolite to say a bad word about someone behind him在別人背后講別人的壞話是不禮貌的。注say a good word about sb 意為 餅?zāi)橙说暮迷?"；=speak well of sb 如：He often says a good word about you before me他經(jīng)常在我面前講你的好話。注 此短語中 word 一般不用復(fù)數(shù)。6. Help him fill in the blanks 此句中的 fill in 意為 “填寫 ”“填上 ”。如：Fill in your name, please. 請?zhí)钌?/p>

7、你的名字。Please fill in this form 請你把這份表填一下。Let ' f川in the hole in the wall咱們把墻上這個洞堵上。注削in . with.用“填”。如：Fill in the blanks with suitable words.用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。7. Mr Zhou droppedgot mixed up此句中的get mixed叩屬系動詞加表語結(jié)構(gòu)。其中g(shù)et可換be或become,意為 奔 糊涂了 “搞亂”卷入”和“攪在一起"。如：I ' m a11 mixed upK完全給弄糊涂了。His ideas are a

8、ll mixed up 你的想法全舌L了。I ' m getting mixed up in my old ageK有點(diǎn)兒老糊涂了。How did you become mixed up in such affairs你怎么會卷入，這種事情中去的呢 ?They advised me not to get mixed up with such peopl e 他們建議我不要和這種人搞在一起。8. What are they saying ? say乍及物動詞。試比較：say, tell, talk, speaka tell 及物動詞，通常用 tell sb sth （雙賓語） ，除開一些

9、名詞 （a lie， story，the truth）之外.He told me the good news他告訴我那個好消息。They told us useful information.他們告訴我們有用的信息。b say 作及物動詞。通常接一個賓語。Please say it in English 請用英語說。He didn t say who told it to him 他沒說誰告訴他此事的。c. talk不及物動t后接about,意為談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)”。to/with sb.意為與某人交談 ”。如：He talked with me about his studies他和我談了他的學(xué)習(xí)情況

10、。What are you talking about? 你們在談什么 ?d. speak通常作不可數(shù)名詞（當(dāng)表示講語言時可作及物動詞，后接語言作speak的賓語。 ）He was too excited to spea他激動得說不出話來。Whom are you speaking to?你在和誰說話？Can you speak English7你會講英語鴨？（及物動詞）注speak to sb. =talk to sb , speak about=talk about9. Vote for the best friend其中vote for意為 投票”投票贊成"。反義詞為vote

11、against如：I' 1l vote foragainst you.我投票選你/不選你。We vote for /against your plan .我們投票贊成/反對你的計(jì)劃。I have reached the age to vote我已至U 了 法定選舉年齡。10. Can l have something to drink ?something， anything ， nothing， everything 是不定代詞a.作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Something has gone wrong with my watch我的表壞了。Nothing was left

12、after the fire.火災(zāi)之后什么也沒留下。Everything is ready一切準(zhǔn)備就緒。b. something用于肯定何，用于表示 請求”邀請”或 建議”的問句。如：He has something to tell you他有事想告訴你。Can you give me something to eat 9給點(diǎn)東西我吃，好嗎 ?Why not have something to drink?為什么不喝點(diǎn)什么 ?c anything 用于否定勺或問句或whether， if 引導(dǎo)的從句中。如：I didn ' t have anything to eat yesterda

13、y昨天我沒吃任何東西。Do you have anything to tell me? 你有事要告訴我嗎?We can' t do anything aboUt.對此事我們無能為力。He asked if there was anything wrong with the radio 他問收音機(jī)有沒有出毛病。注 not anything： nothingalmost nothing： hardly anythingWe didn ' t have anything to ea=We had nothing to eat我們沒有吃的東西了。He ate almost nothin

14、g. =He hardly ate anything. 他幾乎什么也沒吃。d. anything作主語時謂語一般用肯定式。如：I am very hungry Anything will do 我很餓，任何充饑都可以。everything與否定詞連用時，意為 并非一切都”，表示部分否定。如：Everything that glitters is not gold.發(fā)光的并非都是金子。11 .What about some milk?(=Would you like some milk?)表示邀請、建議或詢問對方的意見。其中 What 可用 How 代替。如：What about somethi

15、ng to drink? 喝點(diǎn)東西怎么樣?What about going shopping? 去購物怎樣?What about the pizza in your bowl ? Maybe we can share!.你碗里的比薩餅怎么樣?也許我們可以分享。How about a party for your birthday? 給你的生日辦個宴會怎樣?注about是介詞后接名詞、代詞的賓格，動詞的ing形式或代詞的賓格加ing 形式。如：What about us going to see a film?我們?nèi)タ措娪昂脝幔?2 .Can l have some more food too

16、?a few more、some moremany moreany more （否定句 /I'wJ）此句中的some more food意為 再來一些食物”，其中some作副詞，修飾 more 表示數(shù)量或程度，在比較級前面可加一些數(shù)量詞來表示超過或少于的數(shù)量或程 度。如：a little more-some moremuch more+不可數(shù)名詞any more （否定句 /問句） :+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)no moreJno more基數(shù)詞+moreI have much more milk than he.我的牛奶比他的牛奶多得多。He has many more friends than

17、 J他的朋友比我的朋友多得多。She has no more money than yo u她和你一樣沒錢。My brother has two more books than J我哥哥比我多兩本書。There is nothing else in the fridge此句中的else可用在不定代詞后疑問句后面，意為別的”其它的"。如：Does anyone else want to SO there處有別的人想去那兒嗎？I have nothing else to do now 現(xiàn)在我沒別的事要做。What else do you want?你還要些什么？Is there anyt

18、hing else I Can do for you?還有別的事我可以為你效勞的嗎 ？13 . Qualities of a good friend其中quality可作不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞，意為品質(zhì)”或質(zhì)量”。指人的品質(zhì)時是可數(shù)名詞，通常用復(fù)數(shù)；指物的質(zhì)量時，通常作不可數(shù)名詞。如：He is a man with many good qualities他是一個有許多美德的人。These goods are of high quality. 這些貨物質(zhì)量很高。One of his good qualities is working hard他的一個好品質(zhì)是勤勞。We should keep t

19、he fine qualities Of the working people我們應(yīng)該保持勞動人民的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。注作定語時不用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Poor quality goods won ' t sell easily 劣質(zhì)品不易銷售。14 .friendly是由名詞friend加后綴-ly構(gòu)成的形容詞，又如lovely可愛的，brotherly兄弟般的，motherly母親般的。形容詞作定語、表語。如：He gave me a friendly smile,他給了我一個友好的微笑。She is friendly to others.她對人很友好。What a lovely day it is

20、 today! 今天天氣真好！politely是形容詞polite加1y構(gòu)成副詞。如 clearly清楚地，secretly秘密地，honestly誠實(shí)地。副詞作狀語，修飾謂語動詞。如：We should speak politely to old people 對長者我們說話要禮貌。He came into the room secretly他悄悄地進(jìn)入房間。Could you explain it clearly ? 你能把它解釋清楚嗎？15 .good-looking屬復(fù)合形容詞，由形容詞加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。類似的還有 nice-looking 好看的，bad-looking 難 看的，st

21、range-looking 樣子古怪的， ordinary-looking 相貌平常的。She is a good-looking 8id =She is a girl who looks good 她是一個好看的女孩。Our English teacher is an ordinary-looking man=Our English teacher is a man who looks ordinary. 我們的英語老師是一個相貌一般的人。He lives in a strange-looking house=He lives in a house which looks strange他住

22、在一所樣子古怪的房子里。注 復(fù)合形容詞一般放在名詞前作定語。15. 形容詞一般由名詞加一些后綴構(gòu)成。后綴有：加 y windy 刮風(fēng)的， cloudy 多云的， snowy 下雪的，rainy 多雨的， hilly 多小山的， sunny 陽光燦爛的加 ful hopeful 有希望的， harmful 有害的， helpful 有幫助的， careful 小 心的力口 lesshomeless無家可歸的，hopeless無希望的，helpless無依無靠的，careless 心的加 al musical 音樂的， physical 物理的力口 ousfamous有名的，poisonous有毒

23、的加 able/ible comfortable舒服的，unforgettable難忘白terrible 可怕的加 ly lovely 可愛的， friendly 友好的， orderly 有秩序的力口 sometroublesome討厭的，tiresome令人厭倦的注 動詞后 + ive 或 ative 構(gòu)成形容詞talkative健談的 protective保護(hù)的 attentive認(rèn)真的 active活躍的16. Daniel wants to describe . . Club.其中的 describe sth to sb.意為 向某人 描述某物"，describe. . a

24、s.意為把說成”。如：I can t describe my joy to you with wo rds 我無法用言語向你描述我的快樂。Can you describe it to me? 你能把它描述給我聽嗎 ?He describes himself as 9 docto r他自稱是醫(yī)生。People describe him as really cleve r人們說他是真正的聰明。17. 在英語中有些描述性形容詞。如：a. beautiful,pretty通常只用于修飾女性，也可修飾物。beautiful意為 美麗的”美 觀的 ”強(qiáng)調(diào)天生的美。自然的美。如：a beautiful fa

25、ceflowervoice 美麗的面孔花朵嗓音beautiful weather music 悅?cè)说奶鞖庖魳穊. pretty意為 可愛的精致的"漂亮的“吸引人的”并非華麗)，側(cè)重經(jīng)過人 的加工而吸引人的精致或漂亮。如：a pretty girl garden picture 漂亮的女郎花園圖畫c. handsome用于修飾男性，意為 英俊的"，用于修飾女性時意為 俊俏的”， 側(cè)重指女性的體態(tài)。也可用于修飾物。如：He is S handsome fellow 他是一個英俊的男子。Would you describe that woman as handsome Or be

26、autiful? 你覺得那女子是體態(tài)俊俏還是美麗?What a handsome old building it is! 多么美觀的一座古老的建筑啊!d. 1ovely意為 可愛的動人的美麗的" ：(beautiful/pretty)令人快樂的”。如：a lovely(=beautiful)view 可愛的景色a lovely(=pretty)woman 美麗的女人a lovely(=pleasant)holiday 快樂的假期e smart 意為 “漂亮 ”“時髦的 ”“聰敏的 ” (=brigh，t well-dressed， fashionable， quick-minded）

27、a smart（二pretty）hat 漂亮的帽子a smart（=fashionable）dress 時尚的衣®a smart（二clever）student有頭月面的學(xué)生f good-looking 意為 “好看的” ，通常只指人，不指物，程度上不如beautiful和 pretty 那么強(qiáng)。如：Who is that good-looking boy? 那個好看的男孩是誰?Do you know that good-looking girl? 你認(rèn)識那個長得好看的女孩嗎 ?18.outdoor 戶外的 反意詞為 indoors 在戶內(nèi)“ ” 。如：outdoor sports

28、戶外運(yùn)動 an outdoor life 野外生活 indoor gyms室 內(nèi)體操 keep indoors呆在家里an outdoor theatre露天居 I場go outdoors for training 到野外進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練indoor exercise 戶 內(nèi)鍛煉 go indoors 進(jìn)屋stay outdoors on summer evenings1日晚上呆在戶外19. I try my best to help them, try one ' s besl to do sth.,意為 盡力做某事（但 不一定成功）"，與do one' s best to

29、 do try to do同義。best作賓語看作不可數(shù)名 詞，不能加”翦：I tried to pass the exam but failed我盡力想通過考試但卻失敗了。He will try his best to catch up with his classmates 他將盡力趕上同班同學(xué)。We 1l do our best to complete the work in tim e 我們將盡最大努力按時完成工作。They tried their best to make their mother happy. 他們盡量使他們的母親開心。注在這個短語中best不能加“6”后接to d

30、o不接doing。例如表示我們的隊(duì)員盡力想在比賽中打敗他們。 ”20. I hope to. . . in the future.旬中 in the future 意為 在未來"，in the past 意為 在過去"，at present意為 在現(xiàn)在”，它們表示不同的時間故與不同的時態(tài)連用。如：He says he will be a doctor in the future他說他將來要當(dāng)醫(yī)生。He will join the army in the future 他長大后，將入伍。My parents lived a hard life in the past我父母過去

31、過著一個艱苦的生活。21. What is he like%匕句型用來問一個人的外表（appearance或品質(zhì)（character）。如： “What is sb like? "He is tall a nd thW£ 得怎樣？” 文高又瘦?！薄?What it your sister like? ”“ She is beautifu”l and polite“你姐姐是怎樣的一個人?”“她美麗而有禮貌。 ”“ What is your English teacher like?” "He is strict with us but he” lpful tO us

32、“你們的英語老師怎樣?”“他對我們要求嚴(yán)格但是對我們很有幫助?！弊?What is sb ?意為“某人干什么工作的?”用來問職業(yè)。How is sb ?意為“某人身體怎么樣?” ，用來問身體情況。如：“What is your father ?""He is a drive r ”“你父親是干什么工作的 ?”“是司機(jī)?！?Howis your mother? ”“ Sehnejoys good health ” “你母親身體如何?”“很好。 ”22. Who's the girl next to Peter笄 的 next to 意為 緊靠 ” ：(beside域

33、僅次于“幾'乎” Next to the cinema is a bookstore電影院的旁邊是一家書店。He sits next to me.他坐在我的旁邊。Which is the largest city next to Beijing? 哪個城市在規(guī)模上僅次于北京 ?He has eaten next to nothing. 他幾乎什么也沒吃。注 next 也可作介詞，如：Sit next him.坐在他旁邊。wear a shirt next one貼siskin寸衫23. I am very unhappy. . with my new school.止匕句中 have

34、some problems with .意 為 在某方面有困難 ”，其中 problems可換成 difficulties。have some problemswith (in)doing sth 意為 “在學(xué)做某事中有問題” ， 其中 problems 可換成 difficulty/trouble。如：Do you have any problems with your English? 你英語方面有問題嗎 ?Do you have any difficulty trouble(in)studying English? 你學(xué)英語中有困難嗎 ? 注 problem 和 questionprob

35、lem意為 需要對付或處理的問題”或 科科中的難題"。question意為 需 要回答的問題需要討論或考慮的問題”或 疑問”。solve a problem 解決問題 social problems社會問題 a maths problem 道數(shù)學(xué)難題“Canyou finish the work today? ""No problem ” “今天你能完成作業(yè) 嗎 ?”“沒問題?！盿sk sb. a question 問某人個問題a question of time時間問題answer my question回答我的問題There is no question ab

36、out his honesty. 他的誠實(shí)是毫無疑問的。24. “I miss. . very much中miss意為想念"。miss作及物動詞意為 想念，錯 過”等。a. miss作及物動詞，意為 想念”。如：How l miss my parents! 我好想念我的父母啊!We are missing you very much 我們非常想念你。I miss you terribly 我非常惦記你。b. miss作及物動詞，意為 錯過誤(車)”未擊中”。后接名詞或名詞(doing), 不能接動詞不定式。如：He got up late this morning and misse

37、d his usual bus他今天早上晚起，沒趕上他通常乘坐的那班汽車。I missed my footing and felt down 我踏空摔了下來。She missed seeing the film她錯過了那場電影。I am sorry to miss the chance 錯過那個機(jī)會我感到很難過。c missing 意為 “丟失的 ”“缺席的 ” 。如：a book with some pages missings 本缺了 幾頁的書a missing child 丟失的孩子a missing bike 丟失的自行車missing lesson啾的課25.I hope. . .

38、some advice此句中的advice意為 勸告“忠告”，作不可數(shù)名詞，apiece of advice一條忠言，Up也可作 告誡"指示”解釋，作可數(shù)名詞。suggestion 也作 “建議 ”解釋，作可數(shù)名詞。如：Please take my advice my Up and don t run the r isk 聽我的告誡別冒這個險(xiǎn)。He gave me the tip to make friendsHe gave me some advice on making friends 他給我一些交友的建議。They are some tips for making e-frie

39、nds 這兒有關(guān)于交網(wǎng)友的幾條建議。They made some suggestions at the meeting.在會議上他們提出 了一些建議。advice可組成下列短語：ask for sb ' s adviceM人的意見give advice提出勸告follow one ' s advc照某人的囑咐take one ' s advc取某人的勸告do sth by/on one ' s adv攪某人的勸告做某 鞏固練習(xí)I 單項(xiàng)選擇1.Is he going to the cinema?.A Yes I think soB No， I don t thin

40、kC No I don t think D I think not2 .All the students are busythe testA preparing B. preparing for C doing D finding 3.I feelevery time l think of the traffic accidentA frightful B frightening C frightened D fright4 .The film was so that 1 was when l saw:.A frightening ， frightened B frightened， frig

41、hteningC frightened， frightfulD frightening， frightful5 .This isinteresting workWe really enjoy it.A a B an C D the6 .The sign "NO Parking ”A read B was reading C was read D had read7 . your coat at once We must hurryA Wear B Wearing C Put on D Putting on 8.Having too much soft drink is bad for

42、 your.A healthy B health C healthily D well9 .The twins are much.A similar B like C alike10 .Please do it I show youA like B as C for D .翻譯下列詞組1.看報(bào)紙 3 .準(zhǔn)備晚飯 5 .征求某人的意見 7 .在未來 9 .交朋友 D more likealike2 .與某人共事4 .考慮 6 .緊靠 8 .盡力干某事10.投票m.用動詞適當(dāng)形式填空1 .Whatthey(do)last night?2 .Are you good at(swim)?3 . (no

43、t be) 1ate again，九 m14 .Myparents(clean)the car now5 .Lucy sometimes(watch)TV at home on Sunday s6 .What are yon going to do? How about(have)a walk?7 .I m going to play footb all Would you like(come)， too?8.We (not have)any classes next wee kIV.完型填空Mr Smith lived in a village far away _1_ a town One day he fell very ill and everyone _2_ he would die They sent for a doctor The doctor _3_ and looked at the man closely The doctor asked for a pen and _4_