侵犯專利權(quán)論文：侵犯專利權(quán)賠償計(jì)算方法研究

1、侵犯專利權(quán)論文：侵犯專利權(quán)賠償計(jì)算方法研究【中文摘要】專利權(quán)是發(fā)明者就其發(fā)明、實(shí)用新型和外觀設(shè)計(jì)所 享有的專有權(quán)利，其客體為發(fā)明、實(shí)用新型和外觀設(shè)計(jì)。侵犯專利權(quán) 是指未經(jīng)專利權(quán)人許可而實(shí)施其專利，即被控侵權(quán)的產(chǎn)品或方法以字 面或同等的方式體現(xiàn)了專利權(quán)權(quán)利要求書中所記載的技術(shù)方案。由于 專利權(quán)能夠帶來(lái)可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,很容易成為侵權(quán)的客體。損害賠償 是對(duì)違反法律規(guī)定侵犯他人財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)或者人身權(quán)的一種法律制裁 方式,侵犯專利權(quán)賠償則是指侵權(quán)人因侵犯專利權(quán)行為而對(duì)權(quán)利人造 成損害時(shí)應(yīng)承擔(dān)補(bǔ)償對(duì)方損失或大于對(duì)方損失的民事責(zé)任。隨著高新 技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展和專利權(quán)利意識(shí)的提高,專利糾紛案件逐年上升。為 保護(hù)專

2、利權(quán)人的合法權(quán)益,鼓勵(lì)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，推動(dòng)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的應(yīng)用，就必 須正確處理侵犯專利權(quán)糾紛,合理確定侵犯專利權(quán)賠償數(shù)額,平衡各 方的利益。侵犯專利權(quán)賠償數(shù)額的確定,一直以來(lái)都是司法實(shí)踐中的 難點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,它不僅涉及到侵權(quán)的構(gòu)成要件、歸責(zé)原則，即侵權(quán)認(rèn)定問(wèn)題, 還涉及到賠償數(shù)額確定的原則問(wèn)題、范圍認(rèn)定問(wèn)題，以及具體計(jì)算方 法的原則、選擇、適用、順序等等問(wèn)題,甚至涉及專利權(quán)價(jià)值評(píng)估問(wèn) 題。侵犯專利權(quán)賠償需要深入研究的問(wèn)題還很多，因而,它已成了法學(xué) 理論界研究的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題之一要合理、準(zhǔn)確地確定侵犯專利權(quán)賠償 數(shù)額,就要在現(xiàn)有立法的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合司法政策,確定恰當(dāng)?shù)馁r償原則 和范圍，選擇符合具體案情的計(jì)算方法。目

3、前，己經(jīng)有很多學(xué)者對(duì)侵犯 專利權(quán)賠償?shù)挠?jì)算方法,從不同的角度進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和研究。有些學(xué)者 從理論意義上來(lái)研究，側(cè)重于理論探討和比較法研究,注重侵犯專利 權(quán)賠償?shù)墓叫?、合理性，這些文章理論性、邏輯相對(duì)嚴(yán)密，但有各自 為戰(zhàn)、研究成果互相獨(dú)立的傾向，這些理論雖具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意 義，但應(yīng)用性較弱,在運(yùn)用理論解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題時(shí),對(duì)實(shí)際操作、減輕法 官和相關(guān)人員的計(jì)算負(fù)擔(dān)、提高工作效率方面的意義很有限;也有學(xué) 者和實(shí)務(wù)人員從實(shí)踐角度來(lái)對(duì)侵犯專利權(quán)賠償?shù)挠?jì)算方法進(jìn)行研究， 但大多是對(duì)法律條文的解釋或一定程度的引中,這些學(xué)術(shù)成果相對(duì)淺 顯易懂,能被多數(shù)人所運(yùn)用，在實(shí)際操作中具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義，但它 們均未形成

4、系統(tǒng)的、封閉的、在實(shí)踐中易于操作的計(jì)算方法邏輯體系。 因此,研究侵犯專利權(quán)賠償計(jì)算方法邏輯體系就顯得非常有必要。本 文對(duì)侵犯專利權(quán)賠償計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行研究,將遵循提出問(wèn)題一一分析問(wèn) 題一一解決問(wèn)題的寫作思路,并基于以上思路,將文章分為以下五個(gè) 部分：第一部分,該部分將引入上海帝好貿(mào)易有限公司訴上海嘟嘟好 塑料制品廠、永康市鑫德隆五金有限公司侵犯實(shí)用新型專利權(quán)糾紛案, 對(duì)該案情及審理的基本情況進(jìn)行闡述,并對(duì)案件中所運(yùn)用的侵犯專利 權(quán)賠償計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行分析，找出該計(jì)算方法的合理之處和存在的問(wèn)題, 從而提出當(dāng)前賠償計(jì)算方法中存在的問(wèn)題。第二部分,針對(duì)第一部分 提出的關(guān)于侵犯專利權(quán)賠償計(jì)算方法中存在的問(wèn)題，

5、這部分簡(jiǎn)要闡述 TRIPS協(xié)議、美國(guó)、德國(guó)、日本等典型國(guó)家對(duì)賠償計(jì)算方法的規(guī)定， 并詳細(xì)介紹我國(guó)法律、司法解釋和相關(guān)司法政策對(duì)賠償計(jì)算方法的規(guī) 定,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)外的規(guī)定進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要的對(duì)比分析。第三部分,論述侵犯專 利權(quán)賠償?shù)脑瓌t和范圍，其中侵犯專利權(quán)賠償?shù)脑瓌t包括雙方認(rèn)可原 則、.填平原則及懲罰性原則、法定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)原則、利益衡平原則、貢獻(xiàn) 原則、損益相抵和合理扣除原則、推定原則等；賠償范圍即“實(shí)際損 失”，其包括所受到的己發(fā)生的實(shí)際財(cái)產(chǎn)損害（即積極損害）和失去的 預(yù)期可得利益（即消極損害）。這部分是第四部分的基礎(chǔ)，為第四部分 提出具體的解決方案一一構(gòu)建侵犯專利權(quán)賠償計(jì)算方法邏輯體系提 供原則性指導(dǎo)，以避

6、免提出的方案偏離合法、合理的軌道，誤入無(wú)限制 的圈套。第四部分,研究侵犯專利權(quán)賠償?shù)挠?jì)算方法,并試圖構(gòu)建一個(gè) 具有一定可操作性、相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單、易于計(jì)算、封閉性的計(jì)算方法邏輯體 系。該部分以現(xiàn)在有的法律法規(guī)、司法解釋、司法政策和民法理論為 基礎(chǔ),通過(guò)歸納和總結(jié)現(xiàn)有的各種計(jì)算方法一一按賠償雙方協(xié)商認(rèn)可 的方法計(jì)算、按所受損失計(jì)算、按獲得利益計(jì)算、按許可使用費(fèi)的合 理倍數(shù)計(jì)算、依法定賠償計(jì)算，按順序、分層次、分類別地把它們組 織起來(lái)；然后對(duì)每種計(jì)算方法的項(xiàng)目、公式進(jìn)行整合，把它們分別歸 入制定的表格中，從而簡(jiǎn)化各個(gè)計(jì)算公式,優(yōu)化各個(gè)計(jì)算公式中存在 的大量無(wú)序堆砌的問(wèn)題,直觀地表達(dá)各個(gè)計(jì)算公式,盡量做到在

7、選擇 運(yùn)用計(jì)算公式時(shí)一目了然地看出所需要的公式,并只要填入相應(yīng)的數(shù) 字,即可很便捷地、快速地計(jì)算出賠償數(shù)額，以期能有效地提高具體賠 償數(shù)額的可預(yù)見性,降低相關(guān)人員（特別是文科出身的相關(guān)人員）的工 作難度,提高其工作效率。針對(duì)法定賠償計(jì)算方法在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中極為 盛行的問(wèn)題，第四部分將對(duì)法定賠償計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行相對(duì)深入的研究。 首先,參考工傷賠償?shù)姆椒靶谭ㄖ辛啃痰燃?jí)分級(jí)方法,將法定賠償 范圍細(xì)化為七個(gè)等級(jí)，從而可根據(jù)案件糾紛的具體情況確實(shí)屬于哪個(gè) 等級(jí),對(duì)限制法定賠償?shù)娜我庑跃哂邢喈?dāng)?shù)淖饔?；其?將影響法定賠 償數(shù)額計(jì)算的因素根據(jù)主客體情況化分為六大類,并根據(jù)各影響因素 與賠償數(shù)額的因果關(guān)系，將它們化

8、分為三個(gè)級(jí)別，即一級(jí)、二級(jí)、三級(jí) 因素，以此為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建法定賠償?shù)挠?jì)算模型。關(guān)于合理開支,其包括損 失利息、咨詢費(fèi)、制止侵權(quán)所支付的差旅費(fèi)和報(bào)酬、訴訟費(fèi)、律師費(fèi)、 公證費(fèi)、查閱、收集證據(jù)材料支出的費(fèi)用、證據(jù)保全費(fèi)、證據(jù)材料的 制作、郵寄費(fèi)、必要的鑒定費(fèi)、調(diào)查取證費(fèi)用、刊登恢復(fù)名譽(yù)的廣告 費(fèi)和其它合理開支。合理開支計(jì)算方法簡(jiǎn)單。本文將制定一個(gè)表格， 將上述各種支出直觀地統(tǒng)計(jì)于表格中，在各個(gè)支出項(xiàng)目對(duì)應(yīng)位置填上 相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù),然后把所有支出項(xiàng)目對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)相加，即可得出合理開支的 數(shù)額,方便、快捷。最后探討賠償計(jì)算方法的適用原則及適用順序問(wèn) 題。適用原則是指在選擇適用計(jì)算方法時(shí)應(yīng)遵守的基本準(zhǔn)則，具體有 就高

9、不就低原則、精算與估算相結(jié)合原則、便于計(jì)算原則三種。適用 順序是一個(gè)相對(duì)復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題。就本文的研究來(lái)說(shuō),在不違反法律強(qiáng)制 性規(guī)定的情況下,適用順序?yàn)椋喊促r償雙方協(xié)商認(rèn)可的方法計(jì)算一一 按所受損失計(jì)算一一按獲得利益計(jì)算一一按許可使用費(fèi)的合理倍數(shù) 計(jì)算一一依法定賠償,在每一種方法下面又有具體的計(jì)算公式,計(jì)算 公式原則上按本章節(jié)排列的先后順序適用，并可按符合賠償計(jì)算方法 適用原則的情況下靈活選擇計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行計(jì)算。這一部分是整篇文章 的重點(diǎn)和靈魂。第五部分,這一部分是結(jié)論部分，根據(jù)本文所提出的計(jì) 算方法邏輯體系，對(duì)本文開頭引入的上海帝好貿(mào)易有限公司訴上海嘟 嘟好塑料制品廠、永康市鑫德隆五金有限公司侵犯實(shí)

10、用新型專利權(quán)糾 精美文檔3紛案進(jìn)行非常簡(jiǎn)要的再分析,并作一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要的總結(jié)性論述?！居⑽恼緼 patent is the exclusive rights the inventor enjoyed because of his inventions, utility models and designs. The object is the invention, utility model and design. Patent infringement is to implement the patent without the authorization, namely, the techn

11、ical program recorded in the patent claims is reflected by the product or method accused of infringement in a literal or equivalent means. Because patents can bring considerable economic benefits, it is easy to become the object of tort. Damages is a legal sanction for a violation of the law, Infrin

12、gement of property rights or Personal rights, compensation for infringement of patent infringement is the person who acts on the rights of patent infringement have caused damage to the other party and should pay compensation for loss or civil liability for losses greater than the other. . With the r

13、apid development of high technology and patent rights awareness, Patent dispute cases increased year by year. It must correctly handle patent infringement disputes, and reasonably determine the amount of compensation for infringement of patent rights to protect the legitimate interests of patent hol

14、ders, encourage invention and creation, promote the application of the invention, and balance the interests of all. It has beendifficult problems in judicial practice and legal theory todetermine the amount of patent infringement damages. It not only involves the infringement of the constituent elem

15、ents, responsibility principleinfringement identify problems,but also involves issues of principle to determine the amount of compensation, the scope of identified problems, and the problems of specific calculation method of the principle of selection, application, order, and so on. Many problems ab

16、out compensation for patent infringement issues need to be deeply studied. So it has become a hot topics in legal theory study. If we want to determine reasonable and accurately amount of compensation for patent infringement, it must be on the basis of the existing legislation and combine judicial p

17、olicy to determine the appropriate compensation principles and scope, and choose the calculation of the specific case. At present, many scholars have summarized and researched on the calculation of compensation for patent infringement from different points of views. Some scholars studied the calcula

18、tion method of compensation in theory, focusing on theoretical exploration and study of comparative law, focusing on fair and rationality of compensation for patent infringement, There are the tendency of dependence each other and conflicts in their research.Although these academic results has some

19、practical significance, but the application of these theories is weak.In applying theory to solve practical problems, its significance is very limited to operate in practice, to reduce judges' work burden and the work burden of related personnel and improve the efficiency. There are also some sc

20、holars or practitioners analyze from the practical point of view, but most of them just interprete clause of the law or the degree of extension. The academic results relatively are easy to understand and applied by most people, and there are much significance of guide in practice. But these academic

21、 results have not formatted the calculation logic system that is closed, easy to operate in practice. So it becomes very necessary to study the calculation logic system of compensation for patent infringement. This paper will follow the writing ideas of raising problemsanalysis problemssolving probl

22、em tostudy the calculation of compensation for patent infringement, and base on the above ideas, the paper will be divided into five parts. The first part, raising problems. This paper introduces the case of Shanghai Di Hao Trading Co. , Ltd sueing Du Du Hao Plastic Products Factory, Xin De Long Har

23、dware Co. , Ltd for utility model patent infringement, describes the basic situation of case and trial, analyze the method of calculating patent infringement compensation, and find the reasonable place and problems of the calculation method. From above, it will propose the problems existed in the co

24、mpensation calculation method nowadays. The second part, to counter the problems on the calculation of patent infringement compensation the first part proposed, this part will briefly describe the TRIPS Agreement, and the legal provision on compensation calculation method of the typical countries of

25、 United States, Germany, Japan, and introduce in detail the regulations in our laws, judicial interpretations and related justice policy, and comparatively analyses the provisions of domestic and foreign briefly. The third part, the paper will discusses the principle of compensation for patent infri

26、ngement and scope. The principle of compensation for patent infringement which include the principles accepted by both sides. Filling principle and the principle of punishment, the legal standard of principle, the principle of equity, interests, contribution principle, net of gains offset the losses

27、 and reasonable principle of presumption, and so on. The scope of compensation is the "actual loss” , which includes actual damage to property has occurred (ie positive damage) andthe expected loss of possible benefits (ie, negative damage). This part will provide principled guidance for the co

28、ncrete solutions construction of patent infringement damagescalculation logic system that the fourth brought up, in case the solutions go out of legitimate and reasonable track and get into the trap of limited. It is the foundation of the fourth part. The fourth part, to research the calculation met

29、hod of compensation for patent infringement, attempt to build a operational, relatively simple and easy-to-calculated logical certain system of the calculation method. This part will base on the existing laws, regulations, judicial interpretations, judicial policy and civil law theory. By summarizin

30、g the various existing calculation methodscalculated by the twosides consultations and recognized, calculated by the loss suffered, calculated by the benefits derived, calculated by the appropriate multiple of the amount of the exploitation fee, calculated by statutory damage, this part will organiz

31、e them sequentially at different levels and sub-categories. Then this part will integrate the items of all the calculation method and the formulas, and take them into the tables formulated to simplify a formula, optimize the problems of piling up largely and disorderly of all the formulas, visually

32、express the 精美文檔9various formulas. The study will try to find out the appropriateformula when we select a formula, and we just need to input the corresponding figures that it will calculate the compensation amount conveniently and quickly, hope can improve the predictability of the specific amount o

33、f compensation, reduce the work difficulty of the associated personnel (especially the liberal arts background of the staff), improve their work efficiency. For calculation of statutory compensation in the practical application in the extremely popular, the fourth part will be relatively in-depth st

34、udy on the calculation of statutory damages. Firstly, comparing with the method of work compensation or sentencing classes in criminal law, refine the scope of the statutory compensation for the seven grades, so we can confirm which grades the case really belongs to according to circumstances of the

35、 case, which have considerable role to limit the arbitrary of the statutory compensation. Secondly, divide the factors which affect the calculation of statutory compensation into six main categories according to the specific circumstance of subject and object, three grades levelI , level II, levelll

36、l, according to causality of influential element and compensation fee, and base on this establish the calculation model of statutory compensation. About reasonable expenses, they include Loss of interest, consulting fees, reward and travel expenses paid for to stop the infringement, Litigation costs

37、, legal fees, notary fees, expenses for inspection and collection evidence, evidence preservation fees, costs of evidence production and mailing, identification of the necessary fees, costs of investigation and evidence collection, costs of rehabilitation published in the advertising and the other r

38、easonable expenses. The calculation method of reasonable expenses is simple. The paper will create a table to intuitively induce above expenses and input corresponding data in corresponding position, then sum up all the data the expenditure corresponded and calculate the data of reasonable expenses.

39、 It is convenient and quickly. Finally, we probe into the problem of the application principles and application order of the calculation method of compensation. Application principles is the basic norms that we should obey when choice and application the calculation method, including the principles

40、of choice the high not the low, the principle of combination of accurate calculation and estimated calculation, the principle of being convenient to calculate. The application order is a complex issues. As to the paper, in the case of not against the mandatory provisions of the law, application orde

41、r 精美文檔iiis the following：calculated by the two sides consultations andrecognizedcalculated by the loss sufferedcalculatedby the benefits derived calculated by the appropriatemultiple of the amount of the exploitation feecalculatedby statutory damage. There are specific calculation formulas under every calculation method. Calculation formulas will be applied