動(dòng)名詞作主語、賓語和定語

1、動(dòng)名詞作主語考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)航It ' s n ecessary to be prepared for a job in terview.the an swers ready will be of great help.A. To have hadB. Having hadC. HaveD. Having解析：答案為 D。 Having the answers ready是動(dòng)名詞在句中作主語的用法?！局攸c(diǎn)歸納】動(dòng)名詞是英語中動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式之一，起名詞的作用，但是仍然保留動(dòng)詞的特性，可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。動(dòng)名詞作主語的主要用法如下：1. 動(dòng)名詞直接放在句首作主語。如：Taking more

2、exercise will keep you healthy.2. 動(dòng)名詞在"It is no use (no good, fun, a waste of time)等+動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，it為形式主語。如：It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.It is no use complaining; the company won ' t do anything about it.3. 動(dòng)名詞在"It is useless (nice, good, interesting, worthwhile

3、) 等形容詞 + doing ” 結(jié)構(gòu)中作主 語。如：It is good having a walk after supper.4. 用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：No smok ing! (= No smok ing is allowed!)5. 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語。如：有時(shí)可以在動(dòng)名詞前面加上一個(gè)名詞或代詞的所有格，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)，該所有格作動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語。如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.動(dòng)名詞作賓語考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)航Susa n wan ted to be in d

4、epe ndent of her pare nts. She triedalone, but she did n ' t like it andmoved back home. (2008 湖南卷)A. livi ngB. to liveC. to be livingD. hav ing lived解析：答案為A。本句考查動(dòng)名詞作賓語。try doing sth意為“試著做某事”。【重點(diǎn)歸納】動(dòng)名詞作賓語主要有以下用法：1. 有些動(dòng)詞后面要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。這樣的動(dòng)詞有：admit 承認(rèn)； excuse 原諒； practise 練習(xí)；appreciate 欣賞；finish 完成；p

5、revent 防止； avoid 避免；forbid 禁止； consider 考慮； forgive 寬??；delay 耽擱；imagine 想象；deny 否認(rèn)；resist 抵制；risk 冒險(xiǎn)；dislike 討厭；mi nd 在意；dread 害怕； miss 錯(cuò)過；suggest 建議； enjoy 喜歡；escape 逃避；permit 允許。如：Will you admit break ing the win dow?2. 有些動(dòng)詞短語后也要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。這樣的動(dòng)詞短語有：can' t stand 忍不住；can' t help 忍不??；feel like

6、想，欲；give up 放棄；put off 推遲， 等。如：He put off making a decisi on till he had more in formati on.Do you feel like taking a walk?3. 動(dòng)名詞常跟在介詞或介詞短語后作賓語。這樣的介詞短語有：in stead of, look forwardto, object to (反對(duì)),keep on, see about 料理，處理),take to (開始從事)等。如:We succeeded in gett ing over all the difficulties.We are l

7、ook ing forward to coming to China.4. 在"have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+i n) + 動(dòng)名詞； be busy(in) + 動(dòng)名詞； waste time (in) + 動(dòng)名詞；lose time (in) + 動(dòng)名詞； There is no poin t (i n) + 動(dòng) 名詞”等結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語，in常要省去。如：The childre n are busy doing their homework.There is no p

8、oin t (i n) doing the simple experime nt once aga in.5. 在復(fù)合賓語中，用it作形式賓語，將動(dòng)名詞短語放在后面。如：I con sider it a waste of time arguing about it.6. 動(dòng)名詞完成式由"hav ing +過去分詞”構(gòu)成，表示發(fā)生謂語動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作。如：I remember having locked the door when I left the office.7. 動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)式的用法：當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語與動(dòng)名詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞則要用被動(dòng)式“being +過去分詞”。如：He

9、didn ' t mind being left at home.This questi on is far from being settled.1）在表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞need, want, require后接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，習(xí)慣上要用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義（但若用不定式，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義）。如：The outside of the house n eeds pain ti ng （to be pain ted）.2）在be worth后接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)也要用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：This might be worth thinking about.不定式作賓語考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)航There

10、is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he meanstrouble.A. maki ngB. to make C. to have made D. havi ng made解析：答案為B。 mean to do sth意思是“想，打算做某事”。本句考查不定式作賓語?！局攸c(diǎn)歸納】不定式作賓語的主要用法如下：1. 以下動(dòng)詞后面只能接不定式作賓語：help, refuse, learn, dema nd, choose, expect, agree, pla n, promise, offer, man ge, prete nd, fail, aim等。如：He pretended to be friendly with me.2. 當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語之后。Jim found it importa nt to lear n En glish well.3. begin, continue, start既可接不定式作賓語，也可接動(dòng)名詞。但是要注意以下兩點(diǎn):1）當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞 begin, continue, start等是進(jìn)行式時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)詞不定式。如：He is begi nning t