初中英語語法大全精華版

1、初中英語語法大全語法網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖一.名詞I.名詞的種類:專啟名詞普通名詞國名地名人名，團(tuán)體 機(jī)構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不口數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞II.名詞的數(shù)：1.規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es?，F(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe結(jié)尾 的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leav

2、es, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i 加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以兀音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ?名詞以y結(jié)尾的，力口 -stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以輔首 字母加-0結(jié)尾 的名詞TO口 -esNegro-Negroes, h

3、ero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外來詞加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos網(wǎng)若皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語里有些

4、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下:規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的兀音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese,mouse-mice2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin,3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people, police5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體） 也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, popu

5、lation, team, public, party6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs（海關(guān)），times（時代）,spirits（情緒）, drinks（飲料），sands（沙灘），papers（文件報紙）, 100ks（外表）,brains（頭腦智力）,greens倩菜）7表小“杲國 人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man 或-woman 結(jié)尾的改 為-men,-womenEnglishmen, French

6、women8合成名 詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends無主體名詞時將取后郃分 變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)women singers, men servantsIII.名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加 構(gòu)成，二是由介詞 of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表本有生命的東西，后者多表不無生命的東西。單數(shù)名詞在末尾加sthe boy s father, Jack ook, snbr

7、 son-in-law; s photo,一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother,復(fù)數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加sthe children s toys, women s rights,以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加或者Dickens novels, Charles s job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有美系時，各名詞末尾Japan s and America s problems, Jane s ard Mary s均須加Sbikes表示共有的所有美系時在最舟-詞 末加SJapan and America s problems, Jane

8、 and Marys father表小”某人為 后名詞省略店鋪，所有格the doctor s, the barber s, the tailor s,my uncle1.所有格的構(gòu)成:S2.所有格的用法:1表小時間today s newspaper, five weeks holiday2表示自然現(xiàn)象the earth s atmosphere, the tree s branches3表示國家城市等地方的 名詞the country s plan, the world s population, China，4表示工作群體the ship s crew, majority s view,

9、the team s victory5表示度量衡及價值a mile s journey, five dollars worth of apples6與人類活動有特殊關(guān)系 的名詞the life s time, the play s plot7某些固定詞組a bird s eye view, a stone s throw, at one不知所 s 措)vit3. of所有格的用法：用于無生命的東四:the legs of the chair, the cover of the bookMT七生命的東四，尤其是后較語時：the classrooms of the first-year stude

10、nts用 丁 名詞化的詞： the struggle of the oppressed 二.冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an）,定冠詞（the）,和零冠詞。I.s industrys end(不定冠詞的用法:1指,類人或事，相當(dāng)于 a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表小 竄- 相當(dāng)于 every, oneWe study eight hours a day.4Wtk 相同相the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識此人

11、或與 某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定詞組中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用丁 quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用丁 so（as, too, how）+形谷詞之后She is as clever a girl as

12、 you can wish to meet.II.定冠詞的用法:1表示某一類人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上獨(dú)f二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過 的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于樂器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”the Greens, the Wang

13、s7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高He is the taller of the two children.級前8用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群 島的名詞前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個 年代in the 1990 s11用于表示單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示 時間的詞組前He patted m

14、e on the shoulder.III.零冠詞的用法:1專啟名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名 地名等名詞前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名詞前后 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐 刖March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of Ame

15、rica.5學(xué)科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land7以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful animals.三.代詞I.代詞可以分為以下七大類:1人稱 代詞主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主 代詞形

16、容詞性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some5疑問代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, wh

17、ose, as7不定代詞one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,other/ another, all/ both, neither/ eitherII.不定代詞用法注意點(diǎn)：1. one, some 與 any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復(fù)數(shù)為one* some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don t have any b

18、ookmarks.I have some questions to ask.2) some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請求等。Would you like some bananas?Could you give me some money?3) some和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，some表示某個，any表示任何一個。I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”，any可與比較級連用表示程度。There are some

19、3,000 students in this school.Do you feel any better today?2. each 和 every:each強(qiáng)調(diào)個別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上，而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個或三個以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and w

20、eak points.3. none 和 no：no等于not any,作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名 詞，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.4. other 和 another:1) other 泛指”另外的，另1J的“常與其他詞連用，如：the other day, every other week, some o

21、therreason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個，復(fù)數(shù)為 the others。如：He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2) another指“又一個，另一個”無所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others,泛指“別的人或事”如：I don t like this shirt, please show me another (one).The trousers

22、are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.5. all 和 both, neither 和 eitherall表示不可數(shù)名詞時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither 和 none.All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us ar

23、e not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.四.形容詞和副詞I.形容詞：1.形容詞的位置：1）形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況后置:1修飾 some, any, every, no 和 body, thing, one 等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時nobody absent, everything possible2以-able,-ible結(jié)尾的形谷詞可置于后最局級或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only solution possible3a

24、live, alike, awake, aware, asleep 等可以后置the only person awake4和空間、時間、單位連用時a bridge 50 meters long5成對的形容，可可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容詞短語一般后置a man difficult to get on with2）多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序:代詞數(shù)詞性狀形容詞冠詞 前的 形容 詞冠詞 指示代詞 不定代詞 代詞所有格序數(shù) 詞基數(shù) 詞性質(zhì) 狀態(tài)大小形狀新舊 溫度顏色國籍 產(chǎn)地材料 質(zhì)地名 詞all both suchthe a this anot

25、her yoursecond nextone fourbeautiful good poorlarge shortsquarenew coolblack yellowChineseLondonsilk stone3）復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成:1形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted6名詞+形容詞world-famous2形容詞+形容詞dark-blue7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-looking8名詞+過去分詞snow-covered4副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working9數(shù)詞+名詞+edthree-egged5副詞+過去分詞newly-built1

26、0數(shù)詞+名詞twenty-yearII.副詞副詞的分類:1時間副 詞soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5頻度副詞always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地點(diǎn)副 詞here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑問副詞how, where, when, why3方式副 詞hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副 詞a

27、lmost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8關(guān)系副詞when, where, whyIII.形容詞和副詞比較等級：形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級，比較級和最高級。比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est,多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more和most。1 .同級比較時常常用 as as 以及 not so(as)as!： I am not so good a player as you are.2 .可以修飾比較級的詞有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet,

28、 by far, any, agreat deal。3 .表示一方隨另一方變化時用 the more the more句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4 .用比較級來表達(dá)最高級的意思。如： I have never spent a more worrying day.5 .表示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our schoolis fou

29、r times the size of yours.6 .表示“最高程度的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect o五.介詞I.介詞分類:1簡單介詞about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on2合成介詞inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without3短語介詞according to, because of, instead

30、 of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to4雙重介詞from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between5分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介 詞considering（就而論）,including6形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的 介詞like, unlike, near, next, oppositeII.常用介詞區(qū)別:1表小時間的in, on, atat表示片刻的時間，in表示一段的時間，on總是與日子有美2表小時間的 since, fromsince指從過去到現(xiàn)在的一時間，和元成時連用，from指從時間的某一點(diǎn)開始3表小時間

31、的in, afterin指在一段時間之后，after表示某一具體時間點(diǎn)之后或用在過 去時的一段時間中4表小地理位直的in, on,toin表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外5表小在上 的on, inon只表小在某物的表向上，in表小占去某物 郃公6表示“穿過”的through, acrossthrough表示從內(nèi)部通過，與in后關(guān)，across表不在表向上通過， 與on后美7表刁：關(guān)于 的 about,onabout指涉及到，on指專門論述8between 與 among 的區(qū)別between表不在兩者之間， among用于二者或二者以上的中間9besides 與 exc

32、ept 的區(qū)另Ubesides指“除了還有再加上“，except指“除了，減去什 么，不放在句首10表小用的in, withwith表示具體的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，單位， 語日，尸首11as與like的區(qū)別as意為“作為，以 地位或身份”，like為“象一樣”，指 情形相似12in與into區(qū)別in通常表小位直（靜態(tài)），into表小動向，小表小目的地或位 置六.動詞I.動詞的時態(tài)：1.動詞的時態(tài)一共有16種，以ask為例，將其各種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式列表如下:現(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時ask / asksaskedshall/will askshould/would ask進(jìn)行am

33、/is/are askingwas/were askingshall/will be askingshould/would be asking完成have/has askedhad askedshall/will have askedshould/would have asked完成進(jìn) 行have/has been askinghad been askingshall/will have been askingshould/would have been asking2.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對現(xiàn)在造成 的影響或結(jié)果

34、，它不能同表示過去的時間狀語連用，漢譯英時可加“已經(jīng)”等詞。簡言之， 利用過去，說明現(xiàn)在。如：I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer.（ 已經(jīng)看過， 且了 解這本書的內(nèi)容）2 ） 一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，它可和表示過去的時間狀語連用，漢譯英時可加“過”，“了”等詞。簡言之，僅談過去，不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。如：I read the novel last month.（只說明上個月看了，不涉及現(xiàn)在是否記住）I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只說明在北京住過十年，

35、與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）3 .現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別：兩者都可以表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，在含義上如著重表示動作的結(jié)果時，多用現(xiàn)在完成時，如著重表示動作一直在進(jìn)行，即動作的延續(xù)性時，則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時的動詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。I have read that book.我讀過那本書了。I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在讀那本書。4 . 一般將來時的表達(dá)方式：將來時用法例句1will/shall+ 動詞原 形表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)My sister will be ten next

36、year.2be going to+ 動詞原形含有“打算，計劃，即將”做某事， 或表不很有可能要發(fā)生某事It s going to clear up.W6 re going to have a party tonight.3be + doing 進(jìn)行時表示將來go, come, start, move, leave, arrive 等 訶可用進(jìn)行時表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的 動作He is moving to the south.Are they leaving for Europe?4be about to + 動詞原形表示安排或計劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的 動作，后面一般不跟時間狀語I was abo

37、ut to leave when the bell rang.The meeting is about to close.5be to +動詞原形表示按計劃進(jìn)行或征求對方意見W6 re to meet at the school gate at noon.6一般現(xiàn)在時表示將 來時刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事 情，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來The meeting starts at five o clock.The plane leaves at ten this evening.II.動詞的被動語態(tài):常用被動語 態(tài)構(gòu)成常用被動語 態(tài)構(gòu)成1一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are asked6過去進(jìn)行時was

38、/were being asked2一般過去時was/were asked7現(xiàn)在完成時have/has been asked3一般將來時shall/will be asked8過去完成時had been asked4過去將來時should/would be asked9將來完成時will/would have been asked5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are being asked10含有情態(tài)動 詞的can/must/may be asked注 意 事 項被動語態(tài)的否7E式是在看-個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后加not,短語動詞的被動態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)begoing to, used to

39、, have to, had better變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)時，只需將其后的動詞變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)。如：Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.漢語一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：It is believed thatIt is generally considered thatIt is said thatIt is well known that It mu

40、st be pointed out thatIt is supposed thatIt is reported thatIt must be admitted thatIt is hoped that卜面主動形式常表示被動意義：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing.The book is worth reading twice.The door won t shut. / The play wonct. t aThe clothes washes well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delic

41、ious. / Water feels very cold.卜面詞或短語沒有被動態(tài)：leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart 等等七.情態(tài)動詞I.情態(tài)動詞用法否定式疑問式與簡答can能力（體力，智力，技能） 允

42、許或許可（口語中常用） 可能性（表猜測，用于否定句 或疑問句中）can not / cannot /can doCando？ Yes,can. No,can t.couldcouldn t domay可以（問句中表示請求） 可能，或許（表推測） 祝愿（用于倒裝句中）may not doMaydo ？ Yes,may.No, mustn t/can t.mightmight not doMight do - ? Yes, mic No,might not.must必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測）must not/mustn tMust do ？ Yes, must No,ne

43、edn t/don t ha情態(tài)動詞基本用法:htve to.have to只好，不得不（客觀的必須， 有時態(tài)人稱變化）don t have to doDohave to do ?Yes, do.No,don t.ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語中多用shouldought not to/oughtn to doOught - to do ?Yes, ought.No, oughtn t.shall將要，會用干-三人稱征求對方意見 用于二人稱表小許詔、叩 令、警告、威脅等shall not/shan tShall do ？ dYes,hall.No,shan t.should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該

44、（表義務(wù)責(zé)任） 本該（含有立備意味）should not/shouldn do1 t .,-Should do ？will意愿，決心will not/won t doWill do ？would請求，建議，用在問句中 would 比較委婉would not/wouldn doYes, will.No,won t.dare敢（常用于否定句和疑問句 中）dare not/daren tDare do ？ doYes, dare. No, darenneed聿亞1川與必須（常附十否定句和疑問句中）need not/needn tNeeddo ？ doYes, - must. No, needruse

45、d to過去常常（現(xiàn)在已/、冉）usednot/usedn t/usendodidn t use to doUsed - to do ？ Yes, used.Noto- - use（d）n t.Did use to do ?Yes,did.No,didn t.，t.，t.II.情態(tài)動詞 must, may, might, could, can 表示推測：以must為例。must + do（be）是推測現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進(jìn)行；must + be doing推測可能正在進(jìn)行的事情；must +have done是推測可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情。1. must “肯定，一定”語氣強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。He

46、must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.2. may和might “也許”，后者語氣弱，更沒有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.3. can和could 可能，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can語氣強(qiáng)，用于肯定、否定、疑問句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.

47、We could have walked there; it was so near.（推測某事本來可能發(fā)生，但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生）Can he be in the office now? No, he can t be there, for I saw him in the library jusMnow.（強(qiáng)，常用于疑問句和否定句中）III.情態(tài)動詞注意點(diǎn)：1. can和be able to:都可以表示能力。 但be able to可以表達(dá)“某事終于成功“， 而can無法 表達(dá)此意。Be able to有更多的時態(tài)。另外，兩者不能重疊使用。2. used to 和 would:used to表

48、示過去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣，而would只表示過去的習(xí)慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在。3. need和dare作情態(tài)動詞和實(shí)義動詞的區(qū)別：兩者作情態(tài)動詞時常用于否定句和疑問句。其形式為：needn t/daren ; t doeed/daredo？做實(shí)義動詞時可用于肯定句，否定句和疑問句。其形式為：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared)to do, don t(doesn t/didn t) need/dare to do八.非謂語動詞I.非謂語動詞的分類、意義及構(gòu)成:非謂語形 式構(gòu)成特征和作用時態(tài)和語態(tài)否定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式to doto be doing to

49、havedoneto be doneto have beendone在非謂語前加notfor sb. to do sth.具有名詞，副詞和形容詞的作 用在句中做主、賓、定、表和狀 語分詞現(xiàn)在分 詞doing having donebeing done having been done具有副詞和形容詞的作用 在句中做定、表、賓補(bǔ)和狀語過去 分詞done動名詞doing having donebeing done having been donesb s doin具有名詞的作用g在句中做主、賓、定和表語II.做賓語的非謂語動詞比較:情況常用動詞只接不定式做賓 語的動詞hope, want, off

50、er, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接動名詞做賓 語的動詞或短語mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, considercan t help, feel like, succeed in, be fon

51、d of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to兩 者意義基本相 同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue多指具體的動作， 接動名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為)都 可nee

52、d, want, require （接動名詞主動形式表示被動思義，若接小te式則應(yīng)用 被動形式）以意義相反stop to do停止手中事，去做另件事stop doing 停止止在做的事意義/、同remember/forget/regret to do （指動作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing （指動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）go on to do （接著做另外一件事）go on doing （接著做同一件事）try to do （設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）mean to do （打算做，企圖做）try doing （試試去做，看后何結(jié)果）mean doing （思識是，忌can

53、 t help to do不能幫忙做）can t help doing 芯/、住要做）III.非謂語動詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)另IJ:常見動詞與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時間 概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encouragehave, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動作將發(fā)生 或已經(jīng)完成I heard him call me several times.現(xiàn)在分詞notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn) 行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.過去分詞動賓關(guān)系