材料成型工藝基礎(chǔ)部分

1、材料成型工藝基礎(chǔ)部分0緒論金屬材料：metal material (MR)高分子材料：high-molecular material陶瓷材料：ceramic material復(fù)合材料：composition material成形工藝：formation technology1鑄造鑄造工藝： casting technique鑄件：foundry goods (casting )機(jī)器零件： machine part ¥ .T l 1.毛坯：blankJ li I;J I,' I；力學(xué)性能：mechanical property砂型鑄造：sand casting process型

2、砂：foundry sandI I'l I / 'ti.1.1 鑄件成形理論基礎(chǔ)v j- i. 'ii IJX I |合金：alloy鑄造性能：casting property工藝性能： processing property收縮性：constringency偏析，性：aliquation氧化性：oxidizability吸氣性：inspiratory鑄件結(jié)構(gòu)：casting structure使用性能：service performance澆不足：misrun冷隔：cold shut夾渣：cinder inclusion粘砂：sand fusion缺陷：flaw, d

3、efect, falling流動性：flowing power鑄型：cast (foundry mold)蓄熱系數(shù)：thermal storage capacity澆注：pouring凝固：freezing收縮性：constringency逐層凝固：layer-by-layer freezing糊狀凝固：mushy freezingi 'i 工-結(jié)晶：crystalC XX I I縮孔：shrinkage void縮松：shrinkage porosity順序凝固：progressive solidification冷鐵：iron chill補(bǔ)縮：feeding等溫線法： consta

4、nt temperature line method內(nèi)接圓法：inscribed circle method鑄造應(yīng)力：casting stress變形：deforming裂紋：crack機(jī)械應(yīng)力：mechanical stress熱應(yīng)力：heat stress本目變應(yīng)力：transformation stress氣孔：blow hole鑄鐵：ingot鑄鋼:cast steel三營鐵合金：nonferrous alloy灰鑄鐵：gray cast-iorn孕育處理：inoculation球墨鑄鐵：spheroidal球化處理：sheroidisation可鍛鑄鐵：ductile cast ir

5、on石墨：graphite蠕墨鑄鐵：vermicular cast iron熱處理：heat processing鋁合金：Al-alloy熔煉：fusion metallurgy銅合金：copper alloy氫脆：hydrogen brittleness1.2 鑄造方法(casting method )來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考手工造型：hand moulding機(jī)器造型： machine moulding金屬型： metal mold casting金屬模：permanent mould壓力鑄造： press casting熔模鑄造：investment moulding蠟?zāi)ぃ篶ere離心鑄造：c

6、entrifugal casting低壓鑄造： casting under low pressure差壓鑄造： counter-pressure casting陶瓷型鑄造：shaw process1.3 鑄造工藝設(shè)計(jì)澆注位置：pouring position分型面：mould joint活塊：loose piece起模：patter drawing"a. " u-C 'J. | j型芯：core型芯撐：chaplet工藝參數(shù)：processing parameter下芯：core setting合型：mould assembly冒 口 ： casting head尺

7、寸公差：dimensional tolerance尺寸公差帶：tolerance zone機(jī)械力口工余量：machining allowance鑄孔：core hole非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：nonstandard label 收縮率：rate of contraction 線收縮：linear contraction 體收縮：volume contraction 起模斜度：pattern draft鑄造圓角： curving of castings 芯頭：core register芯頭間隙：clearance芯座：core print seat分型線：joint line分模線：die parting li

8、ne1.4 鑄造結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性加強(qiáng)筋：rib reinforcement v X - j-i I撒砂：stuccoing內(nèi)腔：entocoele2金屬塑性加工塑性加工:plastic working 塑性：plastic property 鍛造：forge work 沖壓：punching軋制：rolling拉拔：drawing擠壓：extruding名田化晶粒：grain refinement熱鍛：hit-forging溫鍛：warm forging2.1 金屬塑性加工理論基礎(chǔ)塑性變形：plastic yield力口工硬化：work-hardening韌性：ductility回復(fù)溫度：retur

9、n temperature再結(jié)晶：recrystallize再結(jié)晶退火：full annealing冷變形：cold deformation熱變性：heat denaturation鍛造比：forging ratio鍛粗：upset拔長：pull out纖維組織：fibrous tissue鍛造性能：forging property可鍛性：forgeability變形抗力：resistance of deformation化學(xué)成分：chemical constitution 來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考熱脆性:hot brittleness冷脆性：cold-shortness變形速度：deformati

10、on velocity應(yīng)力狀態(tài)：stress condition變形溫度：deformation temperature過熱：overheating過燒：burning脫碳：carbon elimination始鍛溫度：initiation forging temperature終鍛溫度：final forging temperature2.2 金屬塑性加工方法自 由鍛：flat-die hammer沖孔：jetting彎曲：bend彎曲半徑： bending radius! |'l j - > 二,：”、切割：cut t,1. X I扭轉(zhuǎn)：twist rotation錯移：of

11、fsetting鍛接：percussion基本工序：basic process輔助工序：auxiliary process精整工序：finishing process模鍛：contour forging鍛模：forging die胎膜鍛：fetal membrane forging剪床：shearing machine沖床：backing-out punch沖裁：blanking彈性變形：elastic distortion塑性變形：plastic yield剪切變形：shearing deformation最小彎曲半徑： minimum bending radius曲率：angularity

12、彎裂：rupture回彈：rebound輻軋：roll forming輻鍛：roll forging斜軋：oblique rolling橫軋：transverse rolling"a. " u-" «c . X . I I_3"迂 J輾壓：tamping drum擠壓：extruding拉拔：draft2.3 塑性加工工藝設(shè)計(jì)工藝規(guī)程：process specification鍛件圖：forging drawing敷料：dressing鍛件余量：forging allowance鍛件公差：forging tolerance工夾具：clampin

13、g apparatus力口熱設(shè)備：firing equipment力口熱規(guī)范：heating schedule冷去哪范： cooling schedule后續(xù)處理：after treatment分模面：die parting face沖孑1連皮： punching the wad模鍛斜度：draft angle圓角半徑：radius of corner圓餅類鍛件： circumcresent cake-like forging | I;',J b11,1長軸類鍛件：long axis-like forging2.4 鍛件結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性錐體：conei 'i j . X y斜面：ca

14、nt v X - j-i II, W，空間 曲線：curve in space粗糙度：degree of roughness2.5沖壓件結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性3焊接焊接：welding鐘接：riverting熔焊：fusion welding壓焊：press welding釬焊：braze welding3.1 焊接理論基礎(chǔ)冶金： metallurgy電弧焊：arc welding氣焊：acetylene welding電渣焊：electro-slag welding高能束焊：high energy welding電子焊：electronic welding激光焊：laser welding等離子焊：pl

15、asma welding電?。篹lectric arc陽極區(qū)：anode region陰極區(qū)：negative polarity弧柱區(qū)：arc stream正接法：electrode negative method"a. " u-一反接法：opposition method脫氧齊ij ： deoxidizing agent焊縫：welded seam焊縫區(qū)：weld zone熔合區(qū)：fusion area熱影 響 區(qū)： heat-affected zone脆性斷裂：brittle fracture 來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考過熱區(qū)：overheated zone正火區(qū)：normal

16、ized zone相變區(qū)：phase change zone焊接應(yīng)力：welding stress收縮變形：contraction distortion角變形：angular deformation彎曲變形：bend deformation扭曲變形：warping deformation波浪變形：wave transformation反變形法：reversible deformation method剛性固定法：rigid fixing method/ I I 1 CV預(yù)熱：warming-up： li h',J b1 i,1緩冷：slow cool焊后熱處理：postweld hea

17、t treatment矯形處理：shape-righting3.2 焊接方法v j- i. 'ii I於.7.W.I埋弧焊：hidden arc welding氣體保護(hù)焊：gas shielded arc welding瀛弧焊：argon welding熔化極瀛弧焊： consumable electrode argon welding鴇極瀛弧焊：argon tungsten-arc welding二氧化碳?xì)怏w保護(hù)焊：CO gas shielded arc welding碳弧焊：carbon arc welding碳弧氣包“： carbon arc air gouging電渣焊：ele

18、ctro-slag welding高能焊:high grade energy welding等離子弧切割：plasma arc cutting (PAC)堆焊：bead weld電阻焊：resistance welding電焊:electric welding縫焊：seam welding壓焊：press welding多點(diǎn) 凸焊： multiple projection welding對焊：welding neck摩擦焊：friction welding擴(kuò)散焊：diffusion welding硬釬料：brazing alloy軟釬料：soft solder3.3 常用金屬材料的焊接 X j

19、- i. 'ii I焊接性：weldability焊接方法：welding method焊接材料：welding material焊條：electrode焊齊ij: flux material碳素專岡：carbon steel低碳鋼:low carbon steel中碳專岡： medium carbon steel高碳鋼:high carbon steel彳氐合金專岡：lean alloy steel不銹鋼:non-corrosive steel有色金屬：nonferrous metal3.4 焊接工藝設(shè)計(jì)型材：sectional bar藥皮：coating焊絲：soldering w

20、ire連續(xù)焊縫：continuous weld 斷續(xù)焊縫：intermittent weld¥ .T l 1 i I ' C_應(yīng)力集中：stress concentration： li h'.J I.11；焊接接頭：soldered joint坡口： groove對接：abutting joint I'i i 'A. y y搭接：lap joint角接：corner joint4 粉末冶金(power metallurgy )粉末冶金成品：finished power metallurgical product鐵氧體：ferrite硬質(zhì)合金：sinte

21、red-carbide高熔點(diǎn)金屬：high-melting metal陶瓷：ceramic來源網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考4.1 粉末冶金工藝?yán)碚摶A(chǔ)壓坯：pressed compact擴(kuò)散：diffusion燒結(jié)：agglomeration固溶:solid solubility化合：combination4.2 粉末冶金的工藝流程制備：preparation預(yù)處理：anticipation還原法：reduction method電解法：electrolytic method霧化法：atomization粒度：grain size松裝密度：loose density流動性：flowing power壓縮性：

22、compressibility 篩分：screen separation混合：compounding帝U粒：pelletization過燒：superburning欠燒：underburnt5金屬復(fù)合成型技術(shù)自蔓延焊接：SHS welding熱等靜壓：HIP準(zhǔn)熱等靜壓：PHIP5.1 液態(tài)成型技術(shù)與固態(tài)成型技術(shù)的復(fù)合 高壓鑄造：high-pressure casting 電磁泵：magnetic-pump壓射成型：injection molding柱塞：plunger piston沖頭：drift pin凝固法：freezing method擠壓法：extrusion method轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)：kn

23、uckle pivot制動器：arresting gear5.2 金屬半凝固、半熔融成型技術(shù)凝固：freezing半熔融：semi-vitreous'l i ,.s觸變鑄造：thixotropy casting"a. " u-c . ，. 1.X . I i觸變鍛造：thixotropy forging注射成型：injection molding5.3 其他金屬成型新技術(shù)快速凝固：flash set非晶態(tài)：amorphous溢流法：press over system噴射沉積：ejecting deposit爆炸復(fù)合法： explosion cladding meth

24、od擴(kuò)散焊接：diffusion welding擠壓：extruding 軋制:roll down6非金屬材料成型技術(shù)6.1高分子材料成型技術(shù)高分子材料：non-metal material耐腐蝕：resistant material絕緣：insulation老化：ageing耐熱性：heat-durability粘彈性:viscoelasticity塑料：plastic material橡膠：rubber合成纖維：synthetic fibre1'.J> :,二:二-涂料：covering material .J XX I I粘結(jié)齊： agglomerant粘度：viscosity熱塑性塑料：thermoplastic plastics 熱固性塑料：thermosetting plastic 通用塑料：general-purpose plastics 工程塑料：engineering plastic 薄膜：thin film增強(qiáng)塑料：reinforced plastics 澆注塑料：pouring plastics 注射塑料：injiection plastics 擠出塑料：extrusion plastics 吹塑塑料：blowing plastics 模壓塑料： die pressing plastics 聚合物：plo