閱讀課的教學(xué)方法--顏靜蘭

1、閱讀課的教學(xué)方法閱讀課的教學(xué)方法 -以讀報(bào)課為例 顏靜蘭 高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱p 培養(yǎng)21 世紀(jì)英語專業(yè)人才，使英語專業(yè)教學(xué)在新臺階上展開，使學(xué)生整體素質(zhì)提高。p大綱培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)：“1333”p一個基礎(chǔ)、三種知識、三種能力、三種素質(zhì)p1：打好扎實(shí)的英語語言基礎(chǔ)p3：牢固掌握英語專業(yè)知識、拓寬人文學(xué)科知識和科技知識、掌握與畢業(yè)后從事工作有關(guān)的專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識，p3：注重培養(yǎng)獲取知識能力、獨(dú)立思考能力、創(chuàng)新能力，p3：提高思想道德素質(zhì)、文化素質(zhì)和心理素質(zhì)。p 這三種知識結(jié)構(gòu)的拓寬、三種能力的培養(yǎng)和三種素質(zhì)的提高構(gòu)成了英語人才培養(yǎng)、英語教學(xué)改革和英語學(xué)生整體教學(xué)質(zhì)量提高的總框架。 高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)培

2、養(yǎng)目標(biāo)高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)打好基本功打好基本功 拓寬知識拓寬知識培養(yǎng)能力培養(yǎng)能力提高素質(zhì)提高素質(zhì) 語語音音語語法法詞詞匯匯聽聽力力口口語語寫寫作作 翻翻譯譯人人文文學(xué)學(xué)科科知知識識科科技技知知識識專專業(yè)業(yè)基基礎(chǔ)礎(chǔ)知知識識獲獲取取知知識識的的能能力力獨(dú)獨(dú)立立思思考考的的能能力力創(chuàng)創(chuàng)新新的的能能力力思思想想道道德德素素質(zhì)質(zhì)文文化化素素質(zhì)質(zhì)心心理理素素質(zhì)質(zhì)全國近五年八級考試子項(xiàng)目得分情況一覽全國近五年八級考試子項(xiàng)目得分情況一覽聽力聽力10閱讀閱讀20人文人文10GAP10改錯改錯10英譯中英譯中10中譯英中譯英10寫作20總平總平均分均分通過率通過率066. 4510. 466. 116. 08

3、4. 754. 525. 28550649.970760811185845634815. 175. 31545647.30086. 1111. 185. 904. 614. 586. 115. 6756. 3745.28095. 6810. 286. 933. 695. 136. 614. 8856. 8547.33105. 6511. 796. 524. 912. 965. 895. 9756.3443.11新世紀(jì)新任務(wù)：拓寬人文學(xué)科知識,提高文化素質(zhì)p大綱在課程設(shè)置中與人文有關(guān)的課程排了近30門課p在教學(xué)要求上也做出了具體的制定，在專門安排的文化素養(yǎng)一欄里要求學(xué)生在大學(xué)期間：p“熟悉中國文

4、化傳統(tǒng)；p具有一定的藝術(shù)修養(yǎng)；p熟悉英語國家的地理、歷史、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣；p具有較多的人文知識和科技知識”p沒有廣泛的閱讀何來人文知識的拓寬，文化素質(zhì)的提高！閱讀十大問題p1. 不讀文學(xué)原著p2. 不讀報(bào)刊雜志p3. 閱讀量少質(zhì)薄p4. 沒有閱讀習(xí)慣p5. 不做閱讀筆記p6. 閱讀種類太少p7. 沒有閱讀作業(yè)p8. 閱讀課淪為精讀課p9. 教師沒時(shí)間閱讀充實(shí)自己p10. 學(xué)生做題教師講題集體遺棄閱讀 教師閱讀課程教學(xué)能力阻礙p缺乏閱讀教學(xué)能力的培訓(xùn)p自身閱讀能力欠缺p上課時(shí)底氣不足p無法正確引導(dǎo)學(xué)生提高閱讀能力p張紅玲的調(diào)查顯示，67的外語教師未受過任何培訓(xùn)，只能憑借感覺和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來

5、從事教學(xué)。p筆者對86位英語教師的調(diào)查顯示，近70的教師未受過既有語言本身又有教學(xué)方法的培訓(xùn)，接觸外國文化的質(zhì)和量也不夠，缺少體驗(yàn)外國文化的機(jī)會。沒有時(shí)間進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)文學(xué)名著閱讀和報(bào)刊雜志的閱讀。p其結(jié)果是：p1。對著教材照本宣科，無法深入討論，課堂效果不盡人意；p2。教師和學(xué)生無意識將詞匯語法作為重點(diǎn)分割學(xué)習(xí)，忽視閱讀中的思想文化的點(diǎn)與線；p3. 對閱讀中出現(xiàn)的文化歷史等現(xiàn)象似蜻蜓點(diǎn)水，一帶而過，沒有廣度和深度上的拓展；p4。語言教學(xué)和文化教學(xué)人為分割；p5。教師激發(fā)不起學(xué)生對閱讀的興趣與動力；胡文仲 ：p學(xué)習(xí)一種語言應(yīng)該同時(shí)發(fā)展兩種能力：p語言能力（linguistic competence）

6、p社會能力（social competence），p 即文化能力（cross cultural communicative competence p語言學(xué)習(xí)提高最佳途徑是大量閱讀！ s ig n ifie r( F O RS U R V I V A L )s ig ns ig n ifie ds o u n dw r itte n im a g es ig n ifie rc o n c e p ts ig n ifie dS ig n2 n d le v e ls ig nC o n n o ta tio ns ig n ifie rs ig n ifie ds o u n dw r itt

7、e n im a g es ig n ifie rc o n c e p ts ig n ifie d1 s t le v e lS ig nD e n o ta tio n讀什么？p1. 小說：簡寫本原版p2. 散文、雜文p3. 雜志p4. 報(bào)紙 我校操作：我校操作：常規(guī)閱讀課+課外閱讀p一上10本,一下10本 簡寫本小說p二年級10本小說p檢查:讀書報(bào)告, Presentation, Q & A, Quizp21世紀(jì)英文報(bào)導(dǎo)讀為什么讀21世紀(jì)英文報(bào)?（大學(xué)版）p1。詞匯量30006000，適合大學(xué)生閱讀并檢驗(yàn)自己的詞匯量和閱讀能力。p2。普及性英文時(shí)事周報(bào)，廣泛采用外電，基本原汁原

8、味的新聞素材，語言鮮活生動。p3。內(nèi)容包羅萬象，社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、科技、文化無所不有，在傳授英語知識的同時(shí)，它還含蓋其他各類信息，在介紹西方文化的同時(shí)，它全面反映當(dāng)代世界日新月異的變化。p4。針對性和實(shí)用性，可以提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣和學(xué)習(xí)效率。和專業(yè)報(bào)刊課的區(qū)別p專業(yè)報(bào)刊課目的：p了解和學(xué)習(xí)西方新聞寫作方法p培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀英美報(bào)刊雜志的能力p通過熟悉英美報(bào)刊、雜志的文章的一般特點(diǎn)，分析文章的思想觀點(diǎn)、篇章布局、語言技巧及文體修辭等，p提高學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力和思想表達(dá)能力p。21世紀(jì)英文報(bào)閱讀目的p一。學(xué)會讀一份報(bào)紙。一。學(xué)會讀一份報(bào)紙。通過讀報(bào)，讓大家保持接觸真正的、鮮活的英語。p二。開闊視野。二

9、。開闊視野。21世紀(jì)英文報(bào)的內(nèi)容很廣泛，通過了解不同的信息，開拓大家的視野；p三。培養(yǎng)思考問題和用英語進(jìn)行表達(dá)的能力。三。培養(yǎng)思考問題和用英語進(jìn)行表達(dá)的能力。遇到某個問題或現(xiàn)象時(shí)，要學(xué)會思考，能夠產(chǎn)生自己的思想觀點(diǎn)，而且言之有理，既不無話可說，也不能人云亦云。如何讀？p1。導(dǎo)讀式：指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀；p2。提問式：提出問題讓學(xué)生思考回答； p3。討論式：引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對話題進(jìn)行討論；p4。多媒體式:用多媒體渠道加強(qiáng)印象p5.參與式：指導(dǎo)學(xué)生參加編報(bào)、比賽，征文賽p6。測驗(yàn)式：測驗(yàn)常用詞匯句子導(dǎo)讀式p“這課與普通的課堂完全不同的。整個一堂讀報(bào)課，老師和同學(xué)們邊讀邊聊，有時(shí)讀到一則新聞，老師會停下來請同學(xué)們談

10、談自己的觀點(diǎn)，而大家總時(shí)有不同的觀點(diǎn)，因而就在相互辯論中培養(yǎng)了分析問題的能力；讀到介紹英美文化的文章時(shí)，老師會補(bǔ)充一些背景知識，還可能會講述一些自己在國外的見聞，同學(xué)們則聽得心馳神往，若臨其境。讀到有關(guān)大學(xué)生的新聞，老師會語重心長闡述大學(xué)生活的意義，一方面教導(dǎo)大家在學(xué)好玩好的同時(shí)要注意保持傳統(tǒng)美德、遵守社會規(guī)范，另一方面指導(dǎo)大家如何正確的對待大學(xué)生活，如何應(yīng)對生活中的大事小事?！倍嗝襟w式p“讀報(bào)課所談到的內(nèi)容，也確實(shí)時(shí)是包羅萬象：倫敦地鐵恐怖襲擊，溫家寶總理的記者招待會，冥王星的身份降級，最新科技產(chǎn)品的應(yīng)用，影視娛樂新聞，體育明星近況，以及世界各地大學(xué)校園的奇聞怪事，這些都是讀報(bào)課上要討論的東

11、西。p老師經(jīng)常帶給大家一些多媒體信息。報(bào)紙上講到胡戈，老師就把一個饅頭的血案放給大家看，報(bào)紙上介紹某首英文歌曲時(shí)，老師就把這首歌下載下來放給大家欣賞。有時(shí)候，老師看到一些有創(chuàng)意的英語廣告，也會帶到課堂上來，讓大家比較國內(nèi)外廣告的差異?！睖y試式pMaglev (magnetically levitated train) ppop divaplady killerpchick magnetpdental brace pthong Tpsurrogate birth pextramarital affairpa metrosexual manpmedia hypepthree major posit

12、ive indexespPeople First Partypal-Qaida pVisit the Yasukunni Shrine pScientific Concept of DevelopmentpPeople-Oriented/ People ForemostpSocialist Concept of Honour and DisgraceRevisionproperty developers 房地產(chǎn)發(fā)展商The US Securities and Exchange Commission 美國證交所the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥灣漏油s

13、trengthen mediation at the grassroots level 加強(qiáng)基層的調(diào)節(jié)作用coalition government 聯(lián)合政府International Monetary Fund 國際貨幣基金組織smoke-free indoors 全面禁煙susceptible to natural disasters 易受自然災(zāi)害的影響business suspension 停業(yè)energy efficient and environmental-friendly industries節(jié)能環(huán)保型企業(yè)a Hung parliament 懸浮國會indulge in pleas

14、ure and forget about home and duty 樂不思蜀 political rivals 政敵handle social problems and resolve disputes 處理社會矛盾和化解糾紛 US Treasury Secretary 美國財(cái)政部長rise of the underdogs 咸魚翻身torrential down pour 強(qiáng)降水cold spell in late spring 倒春寒Methuselah gene 長壽基因the former Formula One No.1 前一級方程賽第一名steel wire walking走鋼絲

15、fugitive ex-prime minister 流亡前首相BRIC Summit 金磚四國峰會unwilling to be in the same league 不愿為伍down payments 首付the late IOC president 已故奧組委主席staggered working hours 錯峰上下班alleviate traffic congestion 減緩交通壓力reconciliation roadmap 和解路線圖start from scratch 白手起家，從頭做起授課對象專業(yè)選修課(80)大類平臺課(150)全校公選課(300）專業(yè)選修課：英語專業(yè)一二

16、年級英語、日語、德語專業(yè)大類平臺選修課全校1-4年級學(xué)生特點(diǎn)：特點(diǎn)：三結(jié)合p報(bào)紙和多媒體運(yùn)用相結(jié)；p教師講解和學(xué)生互動討論相結(jié)合；p課堂討論和課后復(fù)習(xí)相結(jié)合?！癝PICM”教學(xué)模式pS: Student-centered (以學(xué)生為中心) 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)會讀英語報(bào)，促進(jìn)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)pP: Interaction-oriented (以互動為主導(dǎo))開展課堂互動，讓學(xué)生主動投入教與學(xué)的過程pI: Integrated-skills Focused (以英語綜合技能運(yùn)用為主線)聽、說、讀、寫、譯技能綜合融合，提高學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言能力；pC: Cultral-Compence Based (以提高文化能力

17、為基點(diǎn))pM: Mutimedia-teaching Approach Auxiliarized (以多媒體教學(xué)為輔助) Film ClipsTV programmePhotosInternet MaterialsFlashPPT報(bào)章題材的選擇p必講必講：pBUZZpISSUES pFORUMpOPINIONp選講：選講：pIN FOCUS pRelationships pNew horizon pHOTSHOTSpStreet WisepEntertainmentpCampus Life pSportpGet AheadIn FocusOnce Rivals, Now Colleagues

18、David Cameron Nick CleggBackgroundListen to the news New Prime Minister.mp3 3pThe leader of the British Conservative Party, David Cameron has been appointed Prime Minister by Queen Elizabeth five days after the inconclusive election. The election resulted in the Conservatives winning the largest num

19、ber of seats, but failing to secure an overall majority, leaving Britains third party, the Liberal Democrats holding the balance of power. Within the past time, Mr. Cameron was driven from Buckingham Palace to the Prime Ministers official residence in Downing Street, where he made this announcement

20、to the waiting crowd.p“Our country has a hung parliament where no party has an overall majority. And we have some deep and pressing problems: a huge deficit, deep social problems and a political system in need of reform. For those reasons, I aim to form a proper and full coalition between the Conser

21、vatives and the Liberal Democrats. I believe that is the right way to provide this country with the strong, the stable, the good and decent government that I think we need so badly.”Read the NewspaperOnce Rivals, Now ColleaguesIN the dappled light of the garden of 10 Downing Street, new British Prim

22、e Minister David Cameron and his new political “wife”, Nick Clegg, smiled for the cameras.Their “shotgun wedding” took no shine off the moment. They quipped and bantered through their first press conference.They even sounded hopeful of spending five years together: “Compromise, give and take, reason

23、able, civilized, grown-up behavior is not a sign of weakness but a sign of strength,” said Cameron. shotgun wedding：強(qiáng)制婚姻，勉強(qiáng)的妥協(xié) Henry and Janet had a shotgun wedding last week. 【誤譯】亨利和珍妮特上周舉行了有獵槍保衛(wèi)的婚禮。 【正譯】亨利和珍妮特因懷孕所迫上周舉行了婚禮。 【說明】 shotgun wedding or shotgun marriage為美國口語，意為“為懷孕所迫而舉行的婚禮。 源自這樣的實(shí)例:未婚先孕時(shí)

24、女方父親就以獵槍（shotgun）強(qiáng)迫男方快娶其女兒進(jìn)門，不然，無情的獵槍一響就會叫他喪命。 Think and Discuss:pBritains new coalition government is forcing political rivals to work together. pHow can you get along with people who have different values, personalities and cultures?Methuselah Gene 長壽基因 Living to the age of 100 may depend, in part

25、, on possessing the right DNA. Dutch scientists studied the genetic make-up of centenarians and nonagenarians, and concluded that a tiny mutation, or the “Methuselah” gene, gives extra protection against the diseases of old age. These genes are extremely rare, with only one person in 10,000 reaching

26、 the age of 100.Methuselah 瑪士撒拉，圣經(jīng)中的人物，據(jù)傳享年969歲，代指長壽的人或物。 e.g.The burger is as old as Methuselah. IssuesBlood Red ThailandDiscussion1. What is the cause of the crisis?This crisis has been a simmering problem in Thailand for decades. It is about a struggle for power between the poor, rural classes (r

27、ed shirts) and the elite, upper classes (yellow shirts).In 2006 and 2008, protests led to the yellow shirts taking over power in a parliamentary election. They accused the red shirts of committing electoral fraud and kicked them out of government. Now the red shirts are calling for a new democratic

28、election. It is simply a battle over who runs Thailand.2. How will this affect Thailand on the international stage?Thailand was primarily known as a sunny tourist destination. Watch the clip Amazing Thailand.flv Thailand is an amazing land of_. 1.Discoveries 2.Adventures 3.Sensations 4.Emotions But

29、after the 2004 tsunami and its numerous political crises, it has increasingly been viewed as susceptible to both political and natural disasters. Thailand is becoming known as an “unstable” country.Forum：Liu ZhuWho is Liu Zhu? Liu Zhu, one of the cross-dressing Happy Boys contestants, is among the 5

30、0 finalists in the shows district competition in Chengdu. He and others have convincingly presented themselves as not only good-looking girls but also as talented performers. In doing so they have gained millions of young fans nationwide.They also have lots of critics. Among them are many parents wi

31、th teenage sons. They worry that their children will follow the example of the “ drag queens” on TV and ruin their futures.Question: Should TV stations allow transvestites, or young men dressed as girls publicly, to perform and compete?Homeworkp1. Read this issue of the newspaper carefully and write

32、 down the questions or problems for the discussion next time in class.p2. Choose one of the topics from “Issues”, “Forum”, ”O(jiān)pinion”,” Horizon”, “In-focus” or “Relationships” to prepare a 5-minute presentation to be delivered next time. 教學(xué)特點(diǎn)：教學(xué)特點(diǎn)：p結(jié)合學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)際，在教學(xué)中體現(xiàn)了報(bào)刊教學(xué)課程的擴(kuò)充學(xué)生知識面，提高學(xué)生思辨能力和創(chuàng)新能力，綜合運(yùn)用英語技

33、能的教學(xué)理念。p重點(diǎn)讓學(xué)生關(guān)注國內(nèi)外大事，提高學(xué)生獲得信息和新知識的能力、拓寬學(xué)生文化視野、提高分析和思辨能力。p教學(xué)中利用多媒體揉入聽說讀寫譯多種技能，強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生的互動與參與，課后的復(fù)習(xí)和聯(lián)系，從而多維度提高教學(xué)效率，為培養(yǎng)學(xué)生終身學(xué)習(xí)的意識和能力打下基礎(chǔ)。以學(xué)生為主的課堂教學(xué)互動模式以學(xué)生為主的課堂教學(xué)互動模式互動形式互動形式 互動方式互動方式 師師生生互互動動生生生生互互動動資資源源互互動動人人機(jī)機(jī)互互動動課課內(nèi)內(nèi)外外互互動動自自主主互互動動協(xié)協(xié)作作互互動動可可控控互互動動情情知知互互動動探探究究互互動動 x = information sourceA = senderB = receiv

34、erC = editorial functionf = feedback path Westley and MacLeans Model x = information sourceA教師X報(bào)紙B學(xué)生F反饋C上級旨意讀報(bào)課可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生讀報(bào)課可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生“ACCE”四種學(xué)習(xí)能力四種學(xué)習(xí)能力pA: (Active) p主動式的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度；pC: (Cooperative) p合作式的學(xué)習(xí)方式；pC: (Creative) p創(chuàng)造式的學(xué)習(xí)行為；pE: (Explorative) p探究式的學(xué)習(xí)范圍。p(2006)通過率：通過率：49.97 平均分：平均分：55.06 作文平均分：作文平均分：11.01

35、pWriting Task （45mins）20%p Joseph Epstein, a famous writer, once said, “We decide what is important and what is trivial in life. We decide (so) that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions,

36、 these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about. Do you agree or disagree with him? Write an essay about 400 words entitled: p AmbitionpNowhere is the word ambitio

37、n so vividly and accurately defined than in Joseph Epsteins comment that “in the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.” A cosmetic definition as it seems, however, Epsteins words can, on the whole, be interpreted and summarized into one sentence: to be ambitious is to strive for ou

38、r own personal goals set upon our own values regardless of the possible outcome and controversy. In other words, the two indispensable parts of ambition include: firstly, making your own unique targets; secondly, persisting in achieving these aims without being distracted by others ridicule and scor

39、n.pTo begin with, visualizing your personal goals instead of drifting among the mass is, undoubtedly, the very prerequisite of the fulfillment of your aims. The reason for this is simple. We ourselves are the best judges of our capabilities and potentials. And the same voice is echoed in that “we de

40、cide what is important and what is trivial in life.” Madame Currie could never have achieved so many honors and breakthroughs in science and the discovery of radium if she took the same path as majority of the women in her time. It was her decision to devote her time and energy to science not househ

41、old chores that made her stand our so prominently. On the other hand, she might have been just as plain and mundane as other women if she did not match herself with her personal aspirations and goals. Therefore, having your own goals is essential to the realization of ambition.pThen there is the issue of how one should purs