2018-2019浙江省中考英語語法填空應(yīng)試技巧學(xué)案

1、 語法填空應(yīng)試技巧 -、已給單詞提示題型的技巧 此類題可以考查學(xué)生對單詞形式變化的掌握程度。單詞形式變化主要有兩種，一是詞的形、數(shù)、式的變化，一是詞的派生變化。在判斷 出詞的變化之后還應(yīng)該進一步審題，看是否需要使用復(fù)合的變化形式，這一點是很重要的。 技巧一：名詞形式變化。 名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的變化。 例: There are many students living at school ，the (child) houses are all far from school . 由students 一詞可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)， 且作為houses的定語，所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式

2、， 故答案為child的復(fù)合變化形式 - 復(fù) 數(shù)的所有格children s。 技巧二：動詞形式變化。 動詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語的變化 (時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣)，有非謂語的變化(不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞 )。 例: A talk (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang. 句中的is written 是整句的謂語，所以橫線所在的動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語。從 tomorrow可以看出，報告是“將來作的，故用不定式； 且報告是give動作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用 give的不定式被動式 - to be given 。 技巧三：代詞形式

3、變化。 代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關(guān)的三大類五小類，即人稱代詞 (主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。另外還有 幾個不定代詞的形式變化，女口 no one / none、other /another 等。 例: The king decided to see the painter by (he). 由介詞by可以看出，橫線處應(yīng)填反身代詞 himself。 技巧四：形容詞、副詞比較級變化。 英語中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級、比較級和最高級的變化。構(gòu)成比較級和最高級的方式，或通過加后綴一 er和.est，或 在詞前Imore / less和most/ least，且

4、形容詞的最高級還要冠以 the。 例: I am (tall)than Liu Wen . He is the tallest students in my class . 此題后句交代了 LiuWen是班上最高的學(xué)生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用 taller ，只能用表示程度不如的“l(fā)ess tall ”。 技巧五：數(shù)詞形式變化。 數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴一 teen、ty的變化，甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，以及 one/ two的特殊 變化形式 once / twice 例: To my three sons I leave my seventeen hor

5、ses . My eldest son shall take a half ， my second son shall take a (three). 從上下文連續(xù)起來理解， 這是一個分馬的計劃， 大兒子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”， 那么二兒子應(yīng)該得“三分之一”， 所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞“ third ”才能命中目標(biāo)。 技巧六：詞的派生。 詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語單詞中是很常見的， 派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、 動詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測學(xué)生對詞根、 前后綴、派生詞的掌握。 例: Lious lost his wallet yesterday ， SO he

6、was very _ (happiness) . 在這道題中，學(xué)生很容易判斷出該用形容詞；錢包丟了，人應(yīng)該是不開心的，所以要再加個前綴 un，就成了 unhappy。 1、未給單詞提示題型的技巧 此類題難度較大，但也是有方法對付的。 技巧七：固定短語結(jié)構(gòu)。 根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來判斷橫線前后是否構(gòu)成一個固定短語，但有時要對橫線前或后的幾個單詞“視而不見”才能命中答案。 例 1: The children were playing on the ground ， enjoying _ ， dirty but happy. 如果“跳過”橫線后面的 angry ， 就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這里用到一個關(guān)聯(lián)短語

7、從句中的happy可以 猜出孩子們是開心的，所以應(yīng)用 enjOy oneself 短語，故其答案為 themselves。 例 2: His boss was _ angry as to fire him . 技巧八：從句引導(dǎo)詞。 從句是此題型最為常見的一個方向，主要檢測學(xué)生對引導(dǎo)詞的掌握程度。 例 1： He did not done _ his father had asked him to do 審題可知，橫線所在為賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，此引導(dǎo)詞在從旬中充當(dāng)賓語，且指物，所以是 what 。 例 2： Those _ want to go to the village must sign h

8、ere 經(jīng)過觀察可以判斷橫線所在為定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞， 進一步觀察可知先行詞為 those ,且指人，所以只能填入who,在定語從句中做主語。 技巧九：短語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。 短語動詞是以動詞為中心的兩個或多個詞構(gòu)成的短語，此類短語中往往是動詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。 例 1： The us consists _ fifty states 根據(jù)常識可知，美國由 50個州組成，故橫線處與前一詞組合，表示“由 . 組成”，所以答案是 of 。 例 2： Mrs Baker was ill ， so her daughter had to ask for leave to take _ of her 生病需要

9、人照顧，所以答案是 care ，與前后詞構(gòu)成 take care of 。 技巧十：短語介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。 短語介詞即多個詞的組合。起介詞作用的短語，如： except for ， due to 等。 例 1： Mr Smith took a plane to London _ of taking a train. 此題中說到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案為 instead，以構(gòu)成介詞短語instead of 例 2： Just then ， he saw a blackboard in _ of him. 細心觀察，可以看出填人 fr0nt 即可構(gòu)成 in front

10、of ，此題得解。 技巧十一：連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)短語結(jié)構(gòu)。 常用的連詞有 and，or，but，so，for ，while 等, 常用的關(guān)聯(lián)短語有 both and. ， either or. ， neither nor. ， not only but also. 等。 例 1： Little Wang Jun could not go to school ， _ his family was too poor 此處表示原因，引導(dǎo)的分句其實是一種解釋說明，不是必然的因果關(guān)系，且前面有逗號隔開，所以填 for 。 例 2： _ Marrie and Jannie like going to the th

11、eatre 橫線處的詞與后面可以構(gòu)成 both?and ，故答案為 Both 。 技巧十二：冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。 冠詞只能是在 a， an， the 之間判斷；常用的介詞有 in ， at ， on， before ， during 等，通常考查固定搭配；副詞的量還是比較多，如： however ， never ， yet ， much 等。 例1: Jackie likes to drive at _ high speed .這里考查的是不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法，答案為 a，構(gòu)成at a high speed ，以高速” 開車。 例 2： Old Toms granddaughter used

12、 to visit him _ Saturday afternoon . Saturday afternoon 是指定的某天下午，所以不用介詞 in ，而用 on 才是正解。 例 3： Though Liu Qiang did the same work _ Zhang Wen did ， he got a lower pay _ Zhang Wen. 第一條橫線可由前面的 the same斷出用as，第二條橫線則可由lower斷出比較意義，故答案為 than。 例 4： It was only one day left ， _ ， his father had no idea to answ

13、er him . 觀察上下句，可以看出是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且橫線與前后用逗號隔開，排除 but，所以答案是however。 技巧十三：上下文中出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞。 這一招是最為靈活的，但也是最難的。學(xué)生可以根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系和自己積累的知識，填入某個已出現(xiàn)的詞，或其反義詞，或其同類的某 個詞。 答案的線索可能在本句，可能出現(xiàn)在上下相連的一句，還可能出現(xiàn)在比較遠的地方上下段中與此段位置大體相當(dāng)?shù)木渥?。如果該橫 線出現(xiàn)在某段的首句，則線索可能在上下段的首句；如果橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的末句，則線索可能在上下段的末句，以此類推。 例： Tony_ travelling abroad ， but dislikes stayin

14、g home watching TV . 由第二句話中的 dislikes 可以判斷，此橫線處應(yīng)該是填其反義詞 likes 。 上述十三條技巧概括了此題型的多數(shù)考查方向，能夠較大地提高同學(xué)們在此題型上的得分率。 語法填空 閱讀下面短文或?qū)υ?，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求, 中詞語的正確形式填空（每空不多于 3 個單詞）。 2018 杭州一模 While looking out over the snowy Austrian Iandscape, take a deep breath of the fresh, cold air. The weather here is cool. E

15、ven in summer it _ (usual) has temperatures below 23C. There are many reas ons why we visit Austria - the scenic views, hik ing trails, historic sites, and the reas on _ has attracted the in terest of many divi ng! It may sound surprising, _ Austria is home to fantastic lakes. Many divers dare to ju

16、mp into the freezing waters with _ (they) diving suits. Every spring, snow from the mountains melts and floods the valley below to create _ amazing lake Green Lake. It has been one of _(popular) dive spots in recent years. If ice divi ng is a little too cold, Lake Klopei n _ (regard) to be a warm la

17、ke in Austria. Unfortun ately, _ the in crease of the popularity, the n atural environment was being destroyed. As a result, all water sports, including diving, were stopped in 2016. But there _ (be) good news! Visitors can still enjoy the unique _ (beautiful) of the lake and explore the surrounding

18、 park. unu sually, which/that, but, their, an, the most popular, is regarded, with, is , beauty I will never forget the Art Festival in my high school when I won a big prize. All my teachers and classmates think I have a gift for _ (paint). However, when I was a pupil in the primary school, I did no

19、t like art lessons because I could not draw very well. In fact, my draw ings were much _ (bad) tha n most of my classmates. One day, whe n I _ (play) with some paint Ms. Smith s art less on bega n. I mixed the pain with water as usual. As I look the brush away, I _ (drop) the pain onto the paper. Lo

20、oking at the mark, I decided _(blow) it. The paint bega n to run, and I blew harder. The pain ran in all _ (direct ion) quickly and made a very in teresti ng picture! I forgot that I was in class _ Ms. Smith came by my desk. With a big smile on her face, she said, Thats _ very good picture, Sandy. ”

21、 After class, she encourage _ (I) to keep tryi ng and make more pictures. I made a lot of _ (wonder) pictures later with her help. Since the n, I have bee n crazy about cray ons and pain ts. I enjoy myself in the world of colors every time I paint. painting, worse, was play ing, dropped, to blow, di

22、recti ons, un til, a, me, won derful There are so many Ianguages that you can hope to learn them all, _ there is one Ianguage which you can com muni cate with everywhere: your smile. Smili ng can show people that youre frie ndly. And , we have more tha n fifty differe nt _ (kind) of smile for differ

23、e nt situati ons. When someth ing is funny, we usually smile with _ ope n mouth. If we are happy, our eyes become _ (small) whe n we smile, but if the skin around our eyes does n tmove, our smile is not real. If we are proud of someth ing, we keep our lips together. But what if you are in a bad mood? It s hard to be happy all the time. Some people try to cheer _ (they) up by watch ing funny films. Others pre