2018屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題六書(shū)面表達(dá)第五講怎樣獲取“印象分”-段落要“清”,層次要“明”

1、第五講 怎樣獲取“印象分”一一段落要“清”，層次要“明”書(shū)面表達(dá)是主觀題，閱卷時(shí)率先進(jìn)入老師眼簾的是卷面和文章結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，除了卷面整潔外， 還要注意段落寫(xiě)作，做到主題突出、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、層次清晰，獲取閱卷老師的印象分。寫(xiě)作技法指導(dǎo)進(jìn)行構(gòu)段謀篇層次上的寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練，是寫(xiě)好文章的關(guān)鍵。不僅要考慮文章結(jié)構(gòu)，還要考慮適當(dāng)充 實(shí)內(nèi)容，并解決結(jié)構(gòu)重復(fù)、語(yǔ)言冗余等問(wèn)題。下面從三個(gè)角度加以介紹，以幫助同學(xué)們提高寫(xiě)作能 力。一、合理分段，層次清晰合理安排文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。一篇文章通?？梢苑譃槿糠?，即開(kāi)頭、正文和結(jié)尾。近幾年高考作文 范文及高分作文，絕大多數(shù)為23 段，還有個(gè)別范文為 4 段。高考范文為一個(gè)段落的，在閱卷老師

2、看來(lái)比不上段落層次清晰的文章。請(qǐng)看下面 2017 年全國(guó)卷H的一篇考生作文：Dear Henry ,I m Li Hua, one of your students.I m writing to inviteyou to visit the paper-cuttingexhibiti on .Paper - cutt ing is one of Chin ese traditi ons and I m sure you will like it.Theexhibition will be held in the local museumnext Saturday.Some famous Chi

3、nese artistswillperform on that day. Meanwhile, some beautiful paper - cutting works, collected from all over the country , willbe exhibited there .If you like, you can also join in paper- cutt ing.l m sure it will be an unforgettableexperienee for you.I m looking forward to hearing fromyou.Yours ,L

4、i Hua上面的作文語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確，而且使用了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句（包括主語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）等，總體來(lái)說(shuō)是一篇相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的作文。但是，文章沒(méi)有分段，缺少框架意識(shí)，把所有內(nèi)容混搭在一起，給閱卷老師判卷帶來(lái)了困難，從而影響了得分。如果我們把該文分成三段，前兩句為第一段，簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明要舉行攝影展以及主題；后兩句為第三 段，對(duì)對(duì)方來(lái)參加比賽提出期待；中間為第二段，對(duì)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)地闡述。這樣段落分明、結(jié)構(gòu)清 晰，自然會(huì)受到閱卷老師的青睞，起評(píng)分自然就會(huì)高。當(dāng)然，如果我們?cè)賹?duì)句子進(jìn)行一下整合會(huì)更 好。請(qǐng)看整合后的文章：Dear Henry ,I m Li Hua, one of your students

5、.l m writing to invite you to attend the Chinesepaper-cutti ng art exhibiti on .Paper-cutti ng is a traditi onal art form in China,which hasa history of more than 1, 500 years, and I m sure you will like it.The exhibition will be held in the local museunfrom 8: 00 amto 5:00 pmnext Saturday.Some famo

6、us Chinese artists will perform on that day. Mean while, some beautiful paper- cutt ing2works, collected from all over the country, will be on show .If you are in terested in theChinese folk art, you can also join in paper - cutting.l m sure it will be an unforgettableexperie nee for you.Look ing fo

7、rward to your early reply.Yours ,Li Hua由于近幾年高考全國(guó)卷的書(shū)面表達(dá)部分基本都是書(shū)信，字?jǐn)?shù)均要求100 左右。我們不妨可以把書(shū)信按照傳統(tǒng)的“三段式”進(jìn)行劃分，有時(shí)也可分為四段。按照時(shí)間、空間或其他邏輯順序把相關(guān) 聯(lián)的內(nèi)容安排在相應(yīng)的段落內(nèi)，使層次更清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)更合理。書(shū)信最顯著的特點(diǎn)除格式外，就是開(kāi)頭段和結(jié)尾段。下面我們主要介紹一下書(shū)信的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾。1. 常見(jiàn)書(shū)信開(kāi)頭段的寫(xiě)法一一開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山英語(yǔ)書(shū)信的特點(diǎn)是開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，用簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言引出文章的主題，使讀者清楚文章要說(shuō)什么。1I am delighted to know you are interested in T

8、ang poems. Now I m writing to tellyou the plan for the next class.（2017 全國(guó)卷I）2I d like to ask you to write an article for our school s English newspaper.（2015 全國(guó)卷I）2. 常見(jiàn)書(shū)信結(jié)尾段的寫(xiě)法一一表示期待在書(shū)信的結(jié)尾處我們常使用一些功能句式，向?qū)Ψ奖硎居焉频母兄x或親切的問(wèn)候，表達(dá)愿望或 期待等。Look ing forward to your early reply.(2017-全國(guó)卷n）Hope to hear from you s

9、oon.(2016 -全國(guó)卷n）Im looking forward to hearing from you.(2015-全國(guó)卷I）、合并調(diào)整，句式多樣在連句成文時(shí)，還會(huì)出現(xiàn)句式單調(diào)、結(jié)構(gòu)重復(fù)或語(yǔ)言冗余等問(wèn)題。一個(gè)句子獨(dú)立來(lái)看是好句子， 但若置于篇章之中未必是適合行文的好句子。因此，需要對(duì)這些句子進(jìn)行適當(dāng)調(diào)整，完善表達(dá)。請(qǐng) 看下面的一個(gè)片段：First , you can try to communicate with your parents , and you can communicate with your teachers andfriends as well.You can get

10、 along better with them in order that you can let out your anger.You will not hurt themor yourself if you do so.Second, it is important todo regular exercise.You can play football or basketball.Third , it is important to keep high mood.You shouldhave good mood every day.You should also renew your sp

11、irits and release your stress.You can have a goodattitude towards life and enjoy your beautiful life.這是未加潤(rùn)色而直接合并要點(diǎn)句湊成的問(wèn)題段落，問(wèn)題主要表現(xiàn)在表達(dá)單調(diào)，簡(jiǎn)單句過(guò)多，主3要是 you can., you should. , it is importa nt.，這與“句式多樣”的要求相去甚遠(yuǎn)。為避免此類(lèi)問(wèn)題，我們可對(duì)句子進(jìn)行優(yōu)化組合。句 1 和句 2 可以進(jìn)行合并，即 First , you can try to com muni cate with your pare nts ,

12、 teachers and friendsand get along better with them in order that you can let out your an ger.；句 3 前增力口 In this way ，即 In this way ， you will not hurt them or yourself.；句 4 禾口句 5 進(jìn)行合并， 同時(shí)用 of importanee 替換 important ， 即 Second, it is of importanee to do regularexercise ， such as playing football or

13、basketball.；句 6 改變句子開(kāi)頭方式，即Keeping high mood is good for our mental health.；句 7、 8、 9 也可合并，即 You should have good moodevery day，renew your spirits and release your stressso that you can have a good attitude towards life and enjoy your beautiful life.。通過(guò)以上調(diào)整，整個(gè)段落長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，句子個(gè)數(shù)減少了，但語(yǔ)句表現(xiàn)力和凝聚力卻增強(qiáng)了。對(duì) 文章的潤(rùn)色加工，

14、考生要把握以下原則：1. 短語(yǔ)優(yōu)先原則。在寫(xiě)作中考生要堅(jiān)持短語(yǔ)優(yōu)先的原則，考生使用短語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)好處：一是能增 加句子的亮點(diǎn)；二是在漢語(yǔ)提示少、關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻思維短路時(shí)，短語(yǔ)可以補(bǔ)救。因此，在寫(xiě)作時(shí)，考生 應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用各類(lèi)短語(yǔ)，為書(shū)面表達(dá)增加亮點(diǎn)。2. 句式多變?cè)瓌t。考生一定要注意使用多種句式，避免采用單一的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，切記不要讓 there be，and，have，think 等常見(jiàn)詞匯泛濫。書(shū)面表達(dá)的句子并非越長(zhǎng)越好，有時(shí)，一個(gè)短小精辟的句子也可以起到畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的作用，因此書(shū)面表達(dá)的寫(xiě)作講究長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，各種句式交錯(cuò)使用。如果做 到簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、三大從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞交替使用，那么文章結(jié)構(gòu)就顯得錯(cuò)落

15、有致，表達(dá)效果突 出。此外，在書(shū)面表達(dá)中考生若能恰當(dāng)使用非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝句、with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)等，必然能得高分。應(yīng)用落實(shí)體驗(yàn)A（2017 福州外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校高三適應(yīng)性考試）每年都有許多人出國(guó)旅游，一些人的不文明行為引起 了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。某英語(yǔ)報(bào)社正在舉行以“文明出國(guó)旅游”為主題的討論。假定你是李華，請(qǐng)你 給報(bào)社專(zhuān)欄編輯寫(xiě)一封信，呼吁大家做文明游客。要點(diǎn)如下：1. 尊重習(xí)俗；2 .不高聲喧嘩；3 .其他。注意：1.詞數(shù) 100 左右；2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3. 開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。4Dear Editor ,I ve read your discussi on on

16、how to behave properly whe n traveli ngabroad.5Yours ,Li Hua考生作文Dea Editor ,I_ ve_ read_ you 匚 discussion on_ ow to _behave_properly _when _traveling _abroad. _Every year, a lot of people will go abroad to travel. Somepeople s impolitebehaviorscaused the atte nti on of the society. We should be caut

17、ious about how we act. How to be a civilized tourist hasbecome a heated topic. I think that we should respect and follow local customs. We shouldn t talk loudly inpublic places to avoid disturbing others. We should be aware that queue jump ing is un acceptable in many countries. We should remember t

18、hat we are representing our country while we are travelingabroad. If we can dothese , we can enjoyour trip abroad and have beautiful memories as well.Yours ,Li_Hua段落升格作文Dear Editor ,I_ ve_read your discussion on_how to_ have properly when traveling abroad. _Every year, a great many holidaymakers go

19、abroad for sightseeing and relaxation.Whilethey are enjoying themselves, some of them behave rudely. How to be a civilized tourist has become a heatedtopic.In my opinion, it is necessary to watch our manners. First, we must respect and follow local customs.Besides, we d better not talk loudly in pub

20、lic places to avoid dist urbanee to others. Also, be aware that queuejump ing is un acceptable in many coun tries. More importa ntly, we should bear in mind that we are representing our country while abroad, so we n eed to be cautious about how we act.Only in this way can we enjoy our trip abroad an

21、d have beautiful memories as well.abroad.6Yours ,7Li_HuaB(2017 南寧適應(yīng)性檢測(cè))假定你是李華，你的美國(guó)筆友David 對(duì)你校開(kāi)設(shè)的一些選修課程(optio nal courses)非常感興趣，來(lái)信向你詢(xún)問(wèn)相關(guān)事宜。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容提示給他寫(xiě)封回信。1 .選修課程包括：英語(yǔ)戲劇、模型制作(model making)等；2 .每門(mén)課程的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；3.你希望增加的課程及理由。注意：1.詞數(shù) 100 左右；2 .可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3 .開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Dear David ,Look ing forward to y

22、our reply.Yours ,Li Hua考生作文Dear David ,I m glad that you re interested in optional courses in our school. Here is somein formati on about each course. Opti on courses contain En glish drama and model makin g. Ify ou are in terested in scie nee, you can choose model makin g. If you want to practice y

23、ouroral En glish, you can choose En glish drama .In model making you can lear n a lot kno wledgeabout science.ln English drama you can learn about different characte rs and also learn how to perform them.Besides, in model making you can learn more about teamwork. I suggest adding a music less on. Lots of students are sufferi ng from the stress of study. It is relax ingfor t