牛人的英文論文寫作常用詞匯和短語

1、英文論文寫作常用詞匯和短語這幾年看文獻(xiàn)和寫論文的時候整理了一些寫作常用詞匯和短語，希望大家也能用得上：差別 gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies ， no intergroup differenceNo statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA.Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this differe

2、nce failed to achieve statistical significance.存在，出現(xiàn)occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present多數(shù)， 少數(shù) the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ， a marked majority, handful方法approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools發(fā)生率 Incidence, frequency, prevalenceIn cont

3、rast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show ahigh prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs.發(fā)現(xiàn)，闡明，報道，證實(shí)verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize,clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate ， demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit

4、, presented, reveal, display, manifest ， suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose ， report, describe ， facilitatethe identification ofscreening ， isolation改變 change, alteration,高，增加high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced各種， 多種 in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptos

5、is, in a variety of tumors關(guān)系，相關(guān)，參與closely involved in, associated,廣泛的 in an extensive survey進(jìn)行 conducte ， perform, carry out,降，少，缺decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient,low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,poor,impaired, grea

6、tly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presenteddiscontinuousand weaker expression, completelynegative, was not detectable or dramaticallyreduced, very faint, was undetectableor barely detectable, no expression was found,角 色 ， 起 作 用 role, part ( limited, potential, earl

7、y, possible role ) ， serve antiapoptotic functions可能性feasibility密切地intimately難理解的，似謎的enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)潛在假定的potential, candidate, putative,縮寫 abbreviations識別，辨別discernment事件Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.a putative tumor initiating eventa (more, extremely

8、, highly, rather, fairly) common initial,a commonevent in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processesa common event associated with the mechanisms ofa common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapya common event following gestational exposure to immu

9、notoxicantsa common event (that occurs ) during apoptosis is a commonevent during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastic transformation that directly or indirectly involves activation of specific tyrosine kinase signalingpathwaysa common event through which a common event in vivoa rather common eve

10、nt of unknown biological significance a common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrationsa common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significancea common event contributing toa rare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation, stressful,

11、critical, crucial, secondary, independent, regulatory, early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward, upstream, irreversible, very frequent event提供， 幫助 provide, supply, help （to）, contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in調(diào) 節(jié) （ 失 調(diào) ， 上 調(diào) ， 下 調(diào) ） dis-regulation, dys-

12、regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation,推測 presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce ， deduction （ 推論 ）無所不在地（ 表達(dá)，如MEN1）ubiquitously顯 著 , 優(yōu) 先 的 prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking,notable, Conspicuously,r

13、emarkably ， significant, preferential,prevalence, prevalent,相關(guān)性the relevance ofrelated, more relevant withno intergroup difference ， irrespective ofThere was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location.Neither eNOSnor nNOSexpre

14、ssion was associated with vascular density, tumor grade or the TNM status of the tumors.No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors.we did not find any correlation between bax expression and any clinicopathologic parame

15、ters (sex, age, TNM status, tumor grade, histological type).相同，同等并列The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itselfwith a similar pattern to協(xié)同，加強(qiáng)synergize with研 究 analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observation

16、s, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore,which is in accord with the resultswhich corroborated the resultswhich supported the results優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) merits and drawbacks ， beneficial and detrim

17、ental異常aberration, abnormality重要 crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance相反On the contrary,In contrary,but quite on the contraryin sharp contrast,contrary to what would be expectedContrary to the expectation thatContrary to previous beliefs,Contrary to the hypothesis,Contrary to current popu