英語人教版九年級(jí)全冊(cè)復(fù)習(xí)環(huán)節(jié)之簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句

1、復(fù)習(xí)環(huán)節(jié)之簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句教學(xué)目標(biāo)：1. 復(fù)習(xí)并掌握簡(jiǎn)單句2. 復(fù)習(xí)并掌握復(fù)合句教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：1. 簡(jiǎn)單句的句型結(jié)構(gòu)及應(yīng)用2. 復(fù)合句的意義及分類3. 復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成及應(yīng)用教學(xué)用具：教本及復(fù)習(xí)材料教學(xué)步驟：一領(lǐng)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)課本內(nèi)容，講解簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句根據(jù)語法形式，即句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，英語的句子可分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。1簡(jiǎn)單句句型：主語+謂語只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而句子的各個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都只由單詞或短語表示They are playing baseball in the garden.他們正在公園里打棒球。Her brother and sister both are teachers.她的哥哥和姐姐都是老師。2

2、復(fù)合句句型：主句+連詞+從句；或連詞+從句+主句(包含一個(gè)主句、一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句，或只包含一個(gè)從句，但有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主句的句子叫復(fù)合句。)復(fù)合句( The Complex Sentence )：句子中有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句，叫做復(fù)合句。復(fù)合句可分為：1) . 定語從句(The Attributive Clause )；2) . 狀語從句(The Adverbial Clause )；3) . 名詞性從句(The Noun Clause )：一、 定語從句? 定語從句的定義定語從句在句子中作定語，用來修飾一個(gè)名詞、名詞詞組或者代詞。? 先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞被修飾的名詞、名詞詞組或代詞叫做先行詞

3、；在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫做引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)詞分為“關(guān)系代詞”和“關(guān)系副詞”。? 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as 。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why 。 注意：關(guān)系副詞里面沒有how。如果要修飾方式，用that 或 in which 引導(dǎo)，或者不用引導(dǎo)詞。I don t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me.我不喜歡他看我的那個(gè)樣子。? 關(guān)系代詞：who關(guān)系動(dòng)詞who在從句中主要作主語，在非正式語體里who還可以作從句中的賓語He is the man who w

4、ants to see you.He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.? 關(guān)系代詞：whomHe is the man ( whom) I saw in the park yesterday.(whomfc從句中作賓語)? 關(guān)系代詞：whosewhose用來指人或物，（只能用作定語,若指物，它還可以同of which互換）They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose cover is green. （ of w

5、hich the cover/the cover of which ）? 關(guān)系代詞：which（ 1）which指物，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)在非正式語體中可以省略。They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.The farm （which） we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.? 關(guān)系代詞：which（ 2）當(dāng)在 which 和 that 面前進(jìn)行選擇的情況下，一下情況要選which：1. 在非限制性定語從句中通常用which

6、 作引導(dǎo)詞，而不能用that 做非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。2. 修飾整個(gè)主句。I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.3. 修飾謂語部分。He can swim in the river, which I cannot.4. 介詞 + whichThey are all questions to which there are no answers.? 關(guān)系代詞：that （ 1）that 多用來指物，有時(shí)也可以用來指人；在從句中作主語或賓語。指物的時(shí)候多用that ，也可用whichIt s a question that （

7、which） needs careful consideration.（指物，作主語。）Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?（指人，作主語。）s sister.The girl （that） we saw yesterday is Tom（指人，作賓語，可省略。）? 關(guān)系代詞：that ( 2)在以下的情況中，只能用that 作引導(dǎo)詞，而不能用which 作引導(dǎo)詞。1. 先行詞為all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代詞時(shí)。All (that) she lacke

8、d was training.2. 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)This is the best film that I have ever seen.3. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞和the last 修飾時(shí)4. 先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.5. 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑問旬，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)二、 狀語從句1 地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導(dǎo)。Where I live there are plenty of trees.Wherev

9、er I am I will be thinking of you.2 方式狀語從句方式狀語從句通常由 as, (ju st) as - so- -, as if, as though 引導(dǎo)。1 as, (just) as臺(tái)。引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as臺(tái)。結(jié)構(gòu)中位于旬首，這時(shí) as從何帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如"，"就像"，多用于正式文體.2 ) as if, as though兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作"

10、仿佛似的"，"好像似的"，例如：3 原因狀語從句because, since, as 和 for1 )because語勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答 why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用 as 或 since 。2 )由 because 引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號(hào)，則可以用for 來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for 。4 目的狀語從句表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)，例如：5 結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從何常由sothat或su

11、ch- that引導(dǎo)，掌握這兩個(gè)句型，首先要了解so和such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。比較： so 和 such其規(guī)律由so 與 such 的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little 連用，形成固定搭配。6 條件狀語從句連接詞主要有if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that等。 .if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。非真實(shí)條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。unless = if not.7 讓步狀語從句though, a

12、lthough注意： 當(dāng)有though, although 時(shí)，后面的從何不能有 but，但是though 和yet可連用3) ever if, even though. 即使4) whether or- 不管都5) "no matter + 疑問詞 " 或 " 疑問詞+后綴ever"替換： no matter what = whateverno matter who = whoeverno matter when = wheneverno matter where = whereverno matter which = whicheverno matt

13、er how = however注意： no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。8 比較 while, when, as1） as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2）當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或 while 。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3從何表示"隨時(shí)間推移"連詞能用as,不用when或while。As t

14、he day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去，天氣越變?cè)綁摹? 比較 until 和 till此兩個(gè)連詞意義相同?？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际?quot; 做某事直至某時(shí)" ，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是 " 直至某時(shí)才做某事" 。 動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。 正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式。肯定句：I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。Wait till I call you.等著我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before 代替 Let's

15、 get in the wheat before the sun sets.）否定句：She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.1)Until 可用于句首，而till 通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。2)Until when 疑問句中，until 要放在句首。-Until when are you staying? 你呆到

16、什么時(shí)候？- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。Not until在旬首，主句用倒裝。Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到 19 世紀(jì)初，人類才知道熱能是什么。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我開始工作，我才認(rèn)識(shí)到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。(2) It is not until that 10表示"一就”的結(jié)構(gòu)hardly/

17、scarcely when/before, no soonerthan 和 as soon as 者B可以表示"一就”的意思，例:I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或 no sooner 置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.三、 名詞性從句1) . 賓語從句(The Object Clause )；? 賓語從句 在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同。賓語從句可以作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，作短語動(dòng)詞的賓語，介詞的賓語。? 賓語從句：及物動(dòng)詞Everybody knows t