人教版小學英語六年級下冊小學英語語法知識

1、四川省樂山市馬邊縣2019年4月29日小學英語語法知識英語動詞4種時態(tài):1、一般現(xiàn)在時：常與表示程度或頻度的詞連用，如：often （經(jīng)常） usually （通常，一般） ,sometimes（有日t） , always （總是，一直） never （從不），表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)表示普遍真理。用動詞原形表示，第三人稱單數(shù)后，動詞要在詞尾加s （或 es,或變 y 為 i 再力口 es）。如：I often get up at 7:00.He often gets up at 7:30.2、現(xiàn)在進行時：表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這一階段正在進行的動作。用am / is / are

2、 加 動詞 ing 形式表示，如:What are you doing? I am reading a book. What is he doing? He is singing.3、一般將來時：常與表示將來的時間連用， 如：tomorrow , next week ,next year等，表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況。用am/ is/ are力口 going to horse.用 will 加動詞原形表示，如： What will you do next Sunday? I形式表示，如： What are you going to do tomorrow? I，gmog1dhe awill go

3、 shopping. 用 am/ is/ are 力口動詞 ing 形式表示，如：What are you doing tomorrow? I ' m going bowling.4、一般過去時：經(jīng)常與表示過去的時間連用，如：yesterday, last night等，表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或情況。動詞要用動詞的過去式。如：Who was first? Ken was first.Where were you yesterday? I was at home.What did you do yesterday? I went to school.形容詞的比較級和最高級：1、單音節(jié)詞：

4、比較級加 er,最高級加est.如：tall-taller-the tallest, He is taller than his brother. Tom is the tallest in his class.2、多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞：比較級加more,最高級加the most.如： interestingmore interestingthe most interesting,Music is interesting subject. P.E. is more interesting than music. Science is the most interesting subject.

5、形容詞變?yōu)楸容^級的變化規(guī)則：(1) 一般情況下，在形容詞的詞尾直 接加er。如：tall-taller short- shorter.(2)以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞,在 詞尾直接加r,如：nice-nicer. late later (3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且 結(jié)尾只有一個輔音字母的詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加er.如：big- bigger thin-thinner fat-fatter (4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形 容詞，先變 y 為 i ,再力口 er。女口： easy- easier heavy- heavier funny- funnier. (2)部分形容詞比較級的不規(guī)則變化：g

6、oodbetter well better bad worse badlyworse many more muchmore little - less farfarther動詞ing的變化規(guī)律：1)直接力口 ing ,如： open-opening, clean-cleaning, meet-meeting, sing-singing, study-studying,2) 去掉詞尾不發(fā)音的 e ,如：take-taking, close-closing, come-coming, drive-driving, have-having, use-using, write-writing, pra

7、ctice-practicing,3) 重讀閉音節(jié)的，雙寫最后的字母，力口 ing ,如：sit-sitting, put-putting, begin-beginning , get-getting, swim-swimming, run-running, cut-cutting, become-becoming,主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時一般現(xiàn)在時動詞的變化規(guī)律(與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律相同)：1) 直接力口 s, 如：cook-cooks, come-comes, close-closes；2)以 o, x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾+es ,如：teach-teaches,go-goes, do-d

8、oes, catch-catches, wash-washes, brush-brushes, miss-misse s；3)輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾，把 y 改為 i , +es,如：fly-flies, worry-worries, carry-carries,4) 以f或fe結(jié)尾，把f或fe,改為v+es.5)特殊：have-has,6)家庭、親屬和朋友：姓名、年齡、地址、特點與愛好：與你的關(guān)系words:family,grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grand mum), father, mother, brother,

9、sister, uncle, aunt, cousin, friend相關(guān)句型:1) Is he/she Toms cousin? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isn t.2) Who' s he/she? He s/She s my friend.3) How many people are there in your family? Who are they? There are four, my father, my mother, my brother and me.注意：1)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，如：family-families;名詞單數(shù)-復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律：(1)

10、1) 直接加 s, 如： boy-boys, term-terms,2)以 o, x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾 +es ,如:box-boxes, class-classes, glass-glasses, coach-coaches, dress-dresses, fax-faxes, inch-inches, match-matches,3) 輔音字母加 y結(jié)尾，把 y改為i , +es, 如：baby-babies, lady-ladies, factory-factories, peach-peaches, library-libraries, watch-watches ,4) 以

11、 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾，把 f 或 fe, 改為 v+es: leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives, shelf-shelves,5) ) 特殊： man-men, policeman-policemen, woman-women, child-children, goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet,6)不變：hair, milk, tea, coffee, water, bread, rice, paper, juice, meat, people, fish, sheep,(2)名詞所有格，表明是“誰的" 如

12、：my cousin' s , his parents 它的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：單數(shù)名詞后+ “ ' s"， Mike' s mother.復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾有，其后只+ “ '"，Teachers Da教師節(jié).若是兩人共有時，只在后者+ s "，Jim and Tom' s mother吉姆和湯姆的母親。不是兩者所共有的，兩者都+ “ ' s "，Jim' s and Tonrf s mother吉姆母親和湯姆的母親。名詞若是無生命，所有格構(gòu)成用of, a map of China.一幅中國地圖I一般過去時態(tài) 定

13、義：表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動詞的過去式”用法：1 .表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。He was here yesterday.I got up at seven yesterday morning.My mother was at work yesterday afternoon.Did you have a good time last summer?2 .表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作。My mother often went to work by taxi last year.When I was a student, I often listened

14、to music.3 .常與一般過去時態(tài)連用的時間有：一般過去式的用法：一般過去式表示過去的動作和狀態(tài)，通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞，詞組或從句，如yesterday, the day before last, lastweek, two days ago等,上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。I worked in that factory last year.去年我在那一家工廠工作。I met him yesterday.昨天我碰見了 他。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday.昨天我們?nèi)チ颂忑埳?。一般過去式構(gòu)成：表示一般過去式的動詞通常用

15、動詞的過去式形式來表示，而動詞的過去式是在動詞原形的基礎(chǔ)上變化的。動詞的過去式可分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞。4 . 一般過去時的標志詞：last year; last nightyesterday (+morning, afternoon, evening)in +過去時間詞:in 1998 II過去式規(guī)則變化（a） 動詞詞尾 + “ed：walk walked （走）need needed （需要）（b）動詞詞尾為“曲，力口 -d"。live lived （?。﹍ike liked （喜歡）（c）動詞詞尾為 輔音字母+y”時，去"y加“ied,”若是詞尾為 元音字母+y&q

16、uot;，只加“ed；study studied （學習）playplayed （游戲）（d）原形動詞詞尾為重讀閉音節(jié)時，先雙寫該輔音字母再+ “ed” stop stoppedIII過去式規(guī)則變化（一）不變1.cut cut 2.let let 3.put put 4 read read 5. mustmust（二）改成a1. come came 2.become became 3. begin began 4.drinkdrank5.have had 6.runran 7. sitsat8 .ring rang9 . sing sang 10.swim swam ll.give gave（

17、三）改成ght1. thinkthought2.fight fought3.bringbrought4. buybought5. catchcaught6. teach taught（三）改成l.keepkept2.sleepslept3.sweepswept4.feelfelt5.spendspent6.learnlearnt 7.meanmeant（四）改成ew1.blowblew2. knowknew3.growgrew4.drawdrew5.throwthrew6. flyflew（五）改成o1.get got 2.forget forgot3.write wrote 4.ridero

18、de5.drivedrove6.sell sold 7.telltold8.standstood9.understandunderstood10.speak spoke11.hear heard 12.taketook（六）其他形式1.make made2.hearheard3.eatate4.meanmeant5.saysaid6.findfound7.meet met8.see saw9.can could10.shallshould11.will would12. maymight13.go went 14.see saw 15.wear wore時態(tài)時間標志口訣集錦1. 一般現(xiàn)在時：

19、總經(jīng)常有每沒（美眉八八）復(fù)星周”總：always, usually 等經(jīng)常：often有：sometimes （記住， 宥”不是have,而是 宥時”）每：every week/month/year 等沒：never復(fù)星周：on Mondays, on Tuesdays等2. 一般過去時：昨天上個XX （讀作叉叉）前，in力口年份when字連”（原創(chuàng)）昨天：yesterday, 后面可以力口 morning, afternoon, evening等上個：last,后面可以加 week, month, year等XX 前：ago, 前面可以力口 three weeks/months/years agoin加年份：in 2009/2008/1986/1220等，2010前全用一般過去時，后年2012前就都是過去時了， 2012,世界末日？電