張同德大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法培訓(xùn)：五、不完全及物動(dòng)詞(第二版)

1、2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)五、不完全及物動(dòng)詞五、不完全及物動(dòng)詞通用句型為：通用句型為： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+不完全及物動(dòng)詞不完全及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 這個(gè)句型中有時(shí)用這個(gè)句型中有時(shí)用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，把真正的賓作形式賓語(yǔ)，把真正的賓語(yǔ)放在后面，構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)也可以是不語(yǔ)放在后面，構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)也可以是不定式或從句。定式或從句。 “賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”的用法小結(jié)的用法小結(jié)o 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)成分的信息補(bǔ)充，是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)成分的信息補(bǔ)充，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)所表示的人或物所實(shí)施賓語(yǔ)所表示的人或物所實(shí)施的動(dòng)作行為，或者說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)特征的動(dòng)作行為

2、，或者說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)特征等。也可以把等。也可以把賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)理解為賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)理解為及物動(dòng)詞的及物動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。o 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)多由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)多由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式，動(dòng)名詞和分詞充當(dāng)。式，動(dòng)名詞和分詞充當(dāng)。o 請(qǐng)觀(guān)摩下列例句：請(qǐng)觀(guān)摩下列例句：2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)o 1. They made Jackie Chen spokesman of their product. (名詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ))o 2. I find it difficult to raise the money.（不定式）（不定式）o 3

3、. Ill ask her out tomorrow evening.（副詞作賓補(bǔ)副詞作賓補(bǔ)）o 4. Through the window, I could see the rain coming down in sheets.（現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)）（現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)）o 5. Really good advertising persuades people to behave in certain ways.o 6. She is going to have the novel translated.o 7. His speech left the president in an awkward

4、 situation.（介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)）（介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)）o 8. He pushed the door open.(形容詞作賓補(bǔ)形容詞作賓補(bǔ))2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)補(bǔ)充：以補(bǔ)充：以as連接形容詞、名詞作賓補(bǔ)連接形容詞、名詞作賓補(bǔ)o 這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有regard, think of, see, describe, treat, elect, appoint, nominate(提名提名)。例：。例：o We regarded him as a friend.o We regarded him as frien

5、dly.o They appointed him as chairman.o We saw this accident as a tragedy.o He treated me as a stranger.o I selected English as a minor.在閱讀中學(xué)習(xí)該句型在閱讀中學(xué)習(xí)該句型o Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scient

6、ific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.o Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends of environment changes may be spotted before they show up

7、 to the north. 2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)通常可以帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞通?？梢詭зe語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞o 一、感官動(dòng)詞一、感官動(dòng)詞o 這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有兩種形式，即現(xiàn)這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有兩種形式，即現(xiàn)在分詞或動(dòng)詞原形。在分詞或動(dòng)詞原形。o I saw him _ (cross) the road.o 但當(dāng)這些詞用于但當(dāng)這些詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要帶時(shí)，不定式要帶too He was seen _ (cross) the road.2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)cross/crossingto cross/ cross

8、ing2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)o 二、使役動(dòng)詞二、使役動(dòng)詞o 常用的有常用的有l(wèi)et, have, get, makeo I have had my bike _ (repair), and Im going to have my brother _ (repair) my radio tomorrow.o We made him our monitor. 比較下面兩個(gè)句子比較下面兩個(gè)句子o They have made me president of the university.o They have made me a nice chair.repairedr

9、epair直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)o 三、含命名或選舉意義的動(dòng)詞三、含命名或選舉意義的動(dòng)詞（call, name, elect, appoint, choose, consider），），所接的賓補(bǔ)一般是所接的賓補(bǔ)一般是名詞，并且充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的名詞如果表示正式名詞，并且充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的名詞如果表示正式的或獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜、職位時(shí)，前面一般不用冠的或獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜、職位時(shí)，前面一般不用冠詞。詞。o They elected John chairman of the committee.o He called his website Lovely Lil

10、y.2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)o 現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，與賓語(yǔ)有著邏輯上的現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，與賓語(yǔ)有著邏輯上的主主謂關(guān)系謂關(guān)系，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一般為賓語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作；過(guò)去，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一般為賓語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作；過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，與賓語(yǔ)有著分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，與賓語(yǔ)有著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，比較：是過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，比較：o He saw an old man getting on the bus.o I once heard this song sung in Japanese.o I dont want the c

11、hildren taken out in such weather.2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)o 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就成賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如：了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如：o We were kept waiting for quite a long time.o She was never heard singing that song again.o One of the glasses was found broken. o We left the meeting convinced that the proje

12、ct was feasible.o He entered the office still annoyed by the way she had spoken to him.2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)The Usage of “FIND”o “Find+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓補(bǔ)可以是是名詞、形賓補(bǔ)可以是是名詞、形容詞、分詞，且賓語(yǔ)常放在主語(yǔ)的位置使整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)容詞、分詞，且賓語(yǔ)常放在主語(yǔ)的位置使整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如:o A whale was found washed up on the shore.o 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)太長(zhǎng)時(shí)往往用形式賓

13、語(yǔ)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)太長(zhǎng)時(shí)往往用形式賓語(yǔ)it來(lái)替代。來(lái)替代。o You may find it hard to accept her death.o I find it amazing that theyre still together despite their wide divergence in politics.o 句型句型 “only to find”置于主句后面表置于主句后面表“意外結(jié)果意外結(jié)果”2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)Find in sb. “在中得到”o I found a friend in a supposed enemy.o 我原先假定的敵人成了我

14、的朋友。我原先假定的敵人成了我的朋友。o Columbus found a warm supporter in Queen Isabella.o 哥倫布得到了伊薩貝拉的熱心贊助。哥倫布得到了伊薩貝拉的熱心贊助。o Haden finds brothers in thieves and murderers.o 黑登把小偷和殺人犯視為兄弟。黑登把小偷和殺人犯視為兄弟。o We find victory in defeat.2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)Find oneself+Find oneself+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)( (分詞分詞/ /介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)) )o 這個(gè)句型表達(dá)的意思是

15、主語(yǔ)在不知不覺(jué)中認(rèn)識(shí)到自這個(gè)句型表達(dá)的意思是主語(yǔ)在不知不覺(jué)中認(rèn)識(shí)到自己發(fā)現(xiàn)處在一種怎樣的狀態(tài)。己發(fā)現(xiàn)處在一種怎樣的狀態(tài)。Find在這個(gè)句型中不在這個(gè)句型中不是是“發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)”的意思而是的意思而是“覺(jué)得，意識(shí)到覺(jué)得，意識(shí)到”的意思。的意思。o When she came to, she found herself in a hospital.o The criticism threw a new light on the novel and the students found themselves reading it with fresh eyes.o When he turned the c

16、orner, he found himself tailed by a man in black.o Once or twice I found myself doubting my own judgment.2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)More exampleso She returned to England to find herself famous.o 回到英國(guó)，她意識(shí)到自己成名了?；氐接?guó)，她意識(shí)到自己成名了。o She found herself a mother at fifteen.o 她十五歲就當(dāng)媽媽了。她十五歲就當(dāng)媽媽了。o How could a

17、nyone find pleasure in hunting and killing this beautiful creature?（感受到）（感受到）o I was too tired and frightened to find comfort in that familiar promise.（感受到）（感受到）2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)識(shí)記：與識(shí)記：與findfind搭配的短語(yǔ)搭配的短語(yǔ)o Find ones way to/into（自然而然地）進(jìn)入，浸（自然而然地）進(jìn)入，浸入，滲入入，滲入o Rivers find their way into sea.

18、河流入海。河流入海。o Most of the money raised will find its way to the people in need.o A winding road finds its way to a shabby house.o Negative attitude towards life may find its way into your physical health.o 對(duì)生活的悲觀(guān)態(tài)度會(huì)影響到一個(gè)人的身體健康。對(duì)生活的悲觀(guān)態(tài)度會(huì)影響到一個(gè)人的身體健康。2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)o Find fault with sb. /sth.評(píng)

19、頭論足評(píng)頭論足o Learners generally perceive the learning on the system effective, and they find fault with the learning system in that it lacks precise and sufficient feedback and is in need of providing more opportunity for interaction. o 學(xué)習(xí)者普遍認(rèn)為使用學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)是有效學(xué)習(xí)者普遍認(rèn)為使用學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)是有效的的,但是認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)也存在諸如反饋不充但是認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)也

20、存在諸如反饋不充分、不準(zhǔn)確以及缺乏交流機(jī)會(huì)等問(wèn)題分、不準(zhǔn)確以及缺乏交流機(jī)會(huì)等問(wèn)題 。2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)o Find用在法律語(yǔ)境下表示用在法律語(yǔ)境下表示“裁決，判決裁決，判決”之意。之意。o The jury found him guilty of manslaughter.o 陪審團(tuán)裁定他殺人罪名成立。陪審團(tuán)裁定他殺人罪名成立。o The court found in her favor.o 法庭判決對(duì)她有利。法庭判決對(duì)她有利。2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)Exerciseso 他感到很

21、難滿(mǎn)足他們的需求。他感到很難滿(mǎn)足他們的需求。o He found it difficult to satisfy their needs.o 她被當(dāng)選為模范工人。她被當(dāng)選為模范工人。o She was elected/chosen a model worker.o 他把書(shū)擺放整齊。他把書(shū)擺放整齊。o He put his books in order.o 他極力勸告他的妻子不要去參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)。他極力勸告他的妻子不要去參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)。o He tried to talk her wife out of attending that party.o 本句有個(gè)句型需要掌握：動(dòng)詞本句有個(gè)句型需要掌握：動(dòng)

22、詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+into doing sth.句型：動(dòng)詞句型：動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+into doing sth.o 一、表示一、表示“說(shuō)服說(shuō)服”、“勸說(shuō)勸說(shuō)”、“激勵(lì)激勵(lì)”、“激起激起”、“激怒激怒”意義的動(dòng)詞，如意義的動(dòng)詞，如talk/argue/persuade/reason/ sting/urge/prod/provokeo They argued him into tolerating his complaint.o Let me try to reason him into joining us.o How can we persuade him into taking risks?o Her persistent questions finally goaded him into replying angrily.o He urged me into taking actions against conflicts.o Their taunts stung him into quarrelling.2013-11-24制作/主講：張同德 東華理工大學(xué)o 二、表示二、表示“恐嚇恐嚇”、“威脅威脅”、“強(qiáng)迫強(qiáng)迫”等含義等含