新世紀(jì)高等院校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科生系列教材綜合教程2第八單元課后答案(共9頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Unit 8 Focus on Global Warming        Text comprehensionI. AII. 1. T;  2. T;  3. F;  4. F;  5. F.III.1. Paragraph 2. Because global warming may be the single largest threat to our planet（the earth）. Low-lyin

2、g nations could be awash in seawater, rain and drought patterns across the world could change, hurricanes could become more frequent, and El Ninos could become more intense. 2. Paragraph 3. Our factories, power plants, and cars burn coal and gasoline and spit out carbon dioxide, produce methane

3、 by allowing our trash to decompose in landfills and by breeding large herds of methane-belching cattle, and release nitrogen oxide by using nitrogen-based fertilizers. 3. Paragraph 4. The increased concentrations of greenhouse gases prevent additional thermal radiation from 

4、;leaving the Earth, so cause the global warming. 4. Paragraph 7. A slight increase in heat and rain in equatorial regions would increase vector-borne帶菌媒介引起的diseases such as malaria; more intense rains and hurricanes could cause more severe flooding and more deaths in coastal regions a

5、nd along riverbeds; even a moderate rise in sea level could threaten the low-lying islands; hotter summers couldlead to more cases of heatstroke, hospital admissions and deaths among vulnerable people with heart problems or respiratory problems. 5. Paragraph 8 and 10. We can curb

6、 our consumption of fossil fuels and use technologies to reduce the emission of heat-trapping gases like carbon二氧化碳 dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides, and protect the forests in the world, and we can also advocate policies that will combat global warming over the long term, th

7、ings like clean cars, environmentally responsible renewable energy technologies, and stopping the clear-cutting of valuable forests. IV.1. Global warming will probably be the most serious threat to our Earth, if we do not take into account of some other possible disasters, s

8、uch as another world war, collision of our Earth with some small orbiting planet, or spread of incurable diseases. 2. In terms of human health, the people of the poorer countries will suffer most, because their countries do not have money to protect them when climate changes. Structural an

9、alysisSub-ideas in the second part.1) the causes of the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (Paragraphs 3 and 4)2) the effect of such concentration on climate change (Paragraphs 5 and 6)3) the potential threat of global warming to human health and

10、 survival (Paragraph 7)  Part one. Vocabulary1 Phrase1. with the exception of: except, apart from  除之外， 不包括在內(nèi) 2. In essence = essentially, basically  本質(zhì)上，根本上 3. wherever possible: whenever it is possible  只要可能 4. over the lon

11、g term: over a long period  從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看 5. alternative = substitutable, different, replaceable II.1. focus; 2. much the same; 3. consciousness; 4. threat; 5. deserved; 6. decomposed; 7. revealed; 8. frequent. III. Word derivationFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the

12、given words.1. Her natural good sense was improved by the perusal (peruse) of the best books.2. Efforts to reach the injured men have been intensified (intense) because of a sudden deterioration of weather conditions.3. I knew he deserved to be punished but making him stay in every night for a year

13、is a little excessive (excess).4. Theories of the origin of life are partly speculative (speculate), since there is so little direct evidence available.5. This is a book that contains an abundance (abundant) of valuable information.6. The cost of the flights, accommodation and car rental is two thou

14、sand dollars inclusive (include).7. When an iron object is heated in a fire, it glows red and emits (emission) radiation.8. We hardly ever go into London. Whatever we need we can buy locally (local). 1. peruse v. 熟讀，精讀  perusal n. 熟讀，精讀；仔細(xì)研究e.g. 他每天都要讀各種報(bào)紙。He perused th

15、e newspapers every day. 2. intense a. 強(qiáng)烈的，劇烈的，熱烈的  intensify v. 增強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)化；加劇intensive n. 強(qiáng)烈的；密集的  intensification n. 增強(qiáng)，加強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)化e.g. 我的工作非常緊張，以至于我沒(méi)有時(shí)間休息。My work is so intense that I even have no time to take a rest.我的初次失敗更堅(jiān)定了我成功的信念。My first failure only int

16、ensified my desire to succeed.我們有十天的強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練。We have ten days of intensive training. 3. excess a. 過(guò)量的，額外的  excessive a. 過(guò)多的，過(guò)分的e.g. 這個(gè)胖男孩節(jié)制飲食以減輕過(guò)量的體重。The fat boy went on a diet to get rid of his excess weight. 4. speculate v. 推測(cè)，好奇  speculation n. 沉

17、思，推測(cè)；投機(jī)  speculative a. 推測(cè)的，推理的；投機(jī)的  speculator n. 投機(jī)者，投機(jī)商人e.g. 我猜想的全錯(cuò)了。My speculations proved totally wrong.他是一個(gè)冷酷的投機(jī)者。He is a ruthless speculator. 5. abundant a. 豐富的，充裕的  abundance n. 豐富，充裕  abundantly ad. 大量地，豐富地e.g. 

18、今年的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品很豐富。The agricultural commodities are abundant this year.這個(gè)國(guó)家擁有豐富的資源。This country has an abundance of valuable resources. 6. include v. 包括，包含  including prep. 包含，包括  inclusive a. 包含在內(nèi)的，包羅廣泛的e.g. 賬單中包含服務(wù)費(fèi)。The bill includes service.他們有很多寵物，狗就有三只。They h

19、ave many pets, including three dogs. 7. emission n. 散發(fā)；發(fā)射  emit v. 發(fā)出，放射；吐露e.g. 干酪散發(fā)出強(qiáng)烈的氣味。The cheese was emitting a strong smell. 8. local a. 地方性的；當(dāng)?shù)氐模植康?#160; locally ad. 在本地，在當(dāng)?shù)豦.g. 當(dāng)?shù)卮蠖鄶?shù)的居民靠打漁為生。Most of the local population depend on fishin

20、g for their income. IV.1. A;  2. D;  3. B;  4. C;  5. D;  6. A;  7. C;  8. A. V. Synonym / AntonymGive a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Global warming results pri

21、marily from human activities that release heat-trapping gases and particles into the air.Synonym: mainly, basically, firstly 2. Fortunately, we can take actions to slow down global warming.Antonym: unfortunately, unluckily 3. The most important causes include the burning of fossil fuels su

22、ch as coal, gas, and oil, and deforestation.Antonym: exclude 4. Twenty-five years ago if you made a trip to the library and perused the periodical section for articles on global warming, youd probably have come up with only a few abstracts from hardcore science journals or maybe a blurb in some

23、 esoteric geopolitical magazine.Synonym: part, division 5. Thats an increase of roughly 1°C every 4,000 years.Antonym: decrease, lowering 6. Much of the available climate data appear to back these fears.Antonym: unavailable 7. All across the globe, hotter summers could lead to mo

24、re cases of heat stroke and deaths among those who are vulnerable, such as older people with heart problems.Synonym: weak, insecure, unsafe 8. things like clean cars that run on alternative fuels, environmentally responsible renewable energy technologies, and stopping the clear-cutting of valua

25、ble forests.Antonym: irresponsible VI. PrefixWrite in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.1. centigrade              centimeter        

26、60;            2. kilogram        kilometer     3. synopsis                 synthetic 

27、;                     4. supervise        superior      5. submarine         

28、60;    submerge                      6. astronaut         astronomy   7. microbiology    &

29、#160;    microwave                    8. overwork         overload     1. Explanation:    

30、 centi-: one hundredth          e.g. centigram, centiliter, centimeter 2. Explanation:kilo-: one thousande.g. kilowatt, kilobyte, kilohertz 3. Explanation:     syn-:       

31、60; e.g. synonym, synonymy, synchronous 4. Explanation:super-: extremely, more or better than normale.g. superhuman, supercomputer, superconductor, superego 5. Explanation:sub-: below; less than; undere.g. sub-zero, subway, subset 6. Explanation:astro-: connected with the stars o

32、r outer spacee.g. astrophysics, astrology, astronomer 7. Explanation:micro-: small; on a small scalee.g. microchip, micro-organism, microbe, microcosm 8. Explanation:over-: more than usual; too muche.g. overconfident, overanxious, over-optimistic II Grammar Exercises1. The p

33、resent perfect tense vs. the simple past tenseThe simple past refers to the definite past. The present perfect refers to “the past with present relevance.” The action or state denoted by the present perfect tense, though referring to some indefinite happening in the past, has some connection wi

34、th the present. Hence, if an action or state happened in the past and has no connection with the present, it will have to be expressed by the simple past.Compare: His father has been a teacher all his life. (His father is still alive.)         His fa

35、ther was a teacher all his life. (His father is now dead.) I. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb forms.1.    began / / have had2.    A: Have / talkedB: Have talked / talked3.    He _has invented_ (invent) hundr

36、eds of things. He is one of the most productive inventors of our generation.4.    have / telephoned / went5.    have been6.    has got (gotten)7.    has been8.    have forgotten9.   

37、60;A: Is your father at home?B: No, Im afraid he _has gone_ (go) out.A: When exactly _did he go_ (he, go) out?B: About ten minutes ago. 10. was / has disappeared. II. III.1. a. simple present form; b. “has obtained”.2. synonymous a. the speakers point of view; b. the listeners perspec

38、tive.3. a. definite; b. indefinite4. a. still suffering; b. past5. a. on the way or in Italy; b. left Italy.6. a. in the morning; b. after the morning7. a. today is not finished and he may drink more; b. simply happened today.8. a. passed away; b. still living. IV.1. have had - have2. have been

39、 be3. laying lying4. bore bear5. Rang - Rung6. rised risen7. had has  2. Connectives (because, as, since, seeing that, for, because of)Because is generally used when the reason is the most important part of the sentence.As and since are used when the reason is already well known, or is les

40、s important than the rest of the sentence. Since is a little more formal than as. As and since clauses often begin the sentence. Clauses of cause-result are introduced by because or as.Seeing that means the same as since. It is used only in informal speech.For suggests that the reason is given as an

41、 afterthought. For clauses never come at the beginning of the sentence. The phrase because of is a prepositional phrase, and should be followed by a noun or a noun phrase. V. Fill in the blanks with because, as, since, seeing that, for or because of.1.    As / Since2.&#

42、160;   Im very sorry but I cant come to work today _because / as_ Ive caught a very bad cold.3.    _As / Since / Seeing that_ there is considerable evidence that violence on television may be a contributory factor in the increase of hooliganism, the Independent Tel

43、evision Authority has withdrawn its serial on famous crimes.4.    because5.    because of6.    As / Since7.    for8.    as / because9.    because of10.  In the past insur

44、ance companies were often criticized by the public _for_ delaying payment on claims. VI.1. As far as concerned, .2. According to . Part three. Translation exercisesI.1. 到因特網(wǎng)上查一查就可以證明，全球變暖這個(gè)主題在公眾意識(shí)中已經(jīng)和麥當(dāng)娜和微波爐一樣根深蒂固了。2. 如果我們不限制溫室氣體的排放，低地國(guó)家就可能會(huì)遭到海水的沖刷，全世界雨水和干旱的規(guī)律就可能發(fā)生變化，颶風(fēng)可能會(huì)更加頻繁，厄爾

45、尼諾現(xiàn)象也可能更為嚴(yán)重。3. 我們還主張實(shí)施有關(guān)政策，與全球變暖現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)，如駕駛使用替代燃料的清潔汽車(chē)、采用有利于環(huán)境保護(hù)的可再生能源技術(shù)，以及阻止濫伐寶貴的森林。4. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要所有的人包括各國(guó)政府、工業(yè)界、社團(tuán)，以及個(gè)人的協(xié)同合作，才會(huì)有真正的改觀。 II.1. 經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)月的討價(jià)還價(jià)，這兩家公司最后達(dá)成了一個(gè)解決方案，這個(gè)方案實(shí)質(zhì)上就是我們最初的建議。（come up with）Translation:After months of negotiation, the two companies finally came up with a

46、solution, which was in essence our original proposal. 2. The people of that African tribe worship the moon in much the same way that our ancestors worshipped the sun. 3. 四千多年前古埃及金字塔是如何建成的至今還是個(gè)謎。有些人猜測(cè)它們是外星人造的。（speculate）Translation:   It is still a puzzle as to how the a

47、ncient Egyptian pyramids were built over 4,000 years ago. Some people speculate that they were built by supernatural beings. 4. 非法使用劣質(zhì)建筑材料最終導(dǎo)致了賓館的倒塌。（result in）Translation:    The illegal use of inferior building materials eventually resulted in the collapse of the hote

48、l. 5當(dāng)前，許多國(guó)家正紛紛采取行動(dòng)，緩解金融危機(jī)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的沖擊。（take action）Translation:At present, many countries are taking action to mitigate the impact of the financial crisis on their economy. 6. The couple finally divorced after years of incessant quarrels, which had resulted from a lack of understanding. 7.

49、The governments of the two countries agreed to set up a military hotline to reduce the risk of war due to incorrect information. 8. Some Chinese students were not very successful in American universities because they failed to adapt to the new environment there.   VI Writing

50、 PracticeParagraph development the use of quotesDiscussion: Quotation is an effective strategy used for argumentation and other purposes. In arguing, a good quotation in your favor lends you force; one against your viewpoint can also, if you deal it a powerful and accurate blow, help your writing ga

51、in momentum. In other writing situations, well-chosen quotes can help you make an emphatic point.  Powerful as there are, quotes couldnt prove everything. Therefore, you should keep it in mind that dont overuse or abuse the quotation strategy. Employing too many quotes can halt the smooth

52、flow of your paragraph. Make sure that your quotes fit well into your writing, instead of implicitly or even blatantly contradicting the main message that you intend to convey. Exercises: Read and consider the following topic sentences and then think of or search for famous quotable sayings on

53、the Internet or from other sources. Develop each paragraph using one or two quotes for each topic.1. It is hard to overestimate the importance of friendship.Ideas for reference:Friends are an indispensable part of humans life.Friends are the very persons that we get comforts and encouragements.Frien

54、ds are our best fans whatever we do if it is good for us.Sample:As the saying goes “Whoever is delighted in solitude is either a wild beast or a god”, friends are an indispensable part of humans life. “A person without friends is just like a spring without flowers, a dish without seasoning, and it i

55、s absolutely meaningless”, as an ancient writer put it. Needless to say, friends play a significant role in our life. To begin with, friends are the very persons that we get comforts and encouragements we need to go on when our own store of willpower has become depleted. No one is bound to be strong

56、 and happy all the time, for life has its own up and down. And whenever we need them, friends will be with us, if not always, at least most of the time. Moreover, friends are our best fans whatever we do if it is good for us. When we put on a play, they will be our audiences; when give a speech, they will be our listeners; when we write a book, they will be our readers. In a word, friends