名詞性從句精講

1、必修五 Module 1-3（教師）語法一：名詞性從句一、概述在復(fù)合句中具有名詞的性質(zhì)的作主語、表語、同位語、賓語的從句叫名詞性從句。因此，我們把主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和賓語從句這四種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。二、語序當(dāng)名詞性從句要采用陳述句語序。 What we can't get seems better than what we have.我們得不到的似乎比我們所擁有的要好。The photographs will show you what our village looks like.這些照片將向你展示我們村莊的面貌。He asked how much I paid fo

2、r the violin.他問我花了多少錢買這個小提琴。三、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞類 別詞 義在從句中的作用that無任何詞義僅起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分if和whether意為“是否”，表明從句意義的不確定性起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever有各自自身的意義起連接作用，并在從句中充當(dāng)主、表、賓、定語等關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever有各自自身的意義起連接作用

3、，并在從句中充當(dāng)狀語1、that從句與wh-關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別 連詞that在從句中不作成分，不含疑問意義；而wh-連詞在從句中作成分，且含有疑問意義。It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的頭發(fā)在變白令她有點(diǎn)擔(dān)憂。（that在從句中只起引導(dǎo)詞作用，不作成分）What caused the accident is still a complete mystery. 事故發(fā)生的原因仍然是個不解之謎。（What在從句中作主語） 2、whether和if的區(qū)別 whether與if 均為"是否&quo

4、t;的意思。 但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代：a. 引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時；Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.b. 引導(dǎo)表語從句時；The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?c . 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時；Everything depends on whether we have enough money.d. 從句后有“or not”時；I wonder whether he will come or

5、 not.四、主語從句(subject clauses)1、概述在復(fù)合句中起主語作用的從句叫主語從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有從屬連詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接副詞等。引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞that、whether，關(guān)系代詞：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；關(guān)系副詞：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。2、從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句。從屬連詞that，whether在主語從句中的作用只是引導(dǎo)主語從句，它們在

6、從句中不擔(dān)任成分，不能省略。That they will go is certain.他們?nèi)ナ强隙ǖ?。Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否會來仍是一個問題。3、it作形式主語引導(dǎo)主語從句。如果主語從句太長，為避免句子結(jié)構(gòu)頭重腳輕，我們可用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句謂語部分之后。That引導(dǎo)的主語從句可用it代替，that 不可省略。 用作it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）It is/was +形容詞+that 從句 Its natural that 很自然 Its obvious that 顯而易見 Its fortun

7、ate that 幸運(yùn)的是 Its (im)possible（不）可能 Its unlikely that 不可能 Its strange that奇怪的是（2）It is/was +名詞+that 從句 Its a pity that 遺憾的是 Its a fact that 事實是 Its good news that是好消息 Its a wonder that不足為奇 Its a shame that真是可恥 Its common knowledge that 是常識（3）It +不及物動詞+that 從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that碰巧 It a

8、ppears that看來 It turns out that結(jié)果（4）It is/was +過去分詞+that 從句 Its not known that 不得而知 Its said that 據(jù)說 Its reported that 據(jù)報道 It suddenly struck me (occur to me that 我突然想到（感覺到）（5）其他 It doesnt matter 是無關(guān)緊要的 It makes no difference 毫無區(qū)別It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯這樣的錯誤是令人遺憾的事。It's

9、 strange that he didn't come yesterday. 他昨天沒來是很奇怪的。It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.據(jù)報導(dǎo)非洲野生動物的數(shù)量正在減少。4、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句。（1）關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引導(dǎo)主語從句時，它們分別在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語或定語，不能省略。Whoever leaves the room last oug

10、ht to turn off the lights.走得最晚的應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)燈。What you have done might do harm to other people. 你的行為可能傷害別人。5、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句。連接副詞有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引導(dǎo)主語從句時，它們在從句中擔(dān)任狀語，不能省略。此類主語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為以it作形式主語的句子。Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone.他為什么沒來誰也不清楚。Where she has gone is n

11、ot known yet.她去了哪兒，還不知道。When they will start has not been decided yet. 他們何時動身還未定下來。五、表語從句1、概述用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動詞之后。2、由從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句。that在引導(dǎo)表語從句時無詞義，而whether有詞義，意為、“是否”。表語從句對主句主語進(jìn)行說明、解釋，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。 The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻煩的事是他丟了錢。The question is whether we need

12、more ice cream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。3、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導(dǎo)表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。The question is which of us should go.問題是我們哪一個應(yīng)該去。The problem was who could do the work.問題是誰能做這項工作。That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在擔(dān)心的事。4、由關(guān)系

13、副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet through. 我們既沒傘也沒雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因。5、由連詞because，as if/as though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句。It looked as if it was going to snow.看起來好像要下雪了。It seems as if he didnt know the answer.好像他不知道答案。六、同位語從句1、概述用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在抽象名詞fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thou

14、ght，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，對這些名詞進(jìn)行說明或解釋。2、由從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。The fact that we lack enough phones needs to be considered.我們?nèi)鄙僮銐虻碾娫掃@一事實需要加以考慮。The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.計算機(jī)能夠識別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇。3、由關(guān)

15、系代詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。The question who should be the first has not been settled.誰應(yīng)該是第一名的問題還沒有定下來。You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他說了些什么。4、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么時候回來。5、that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，

16、一般不能省略。 比較下面兩個例句: I had no idea that you were hereHave you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？七、賓語從句(object clauses)1、概述用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的位置與陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語相同。賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可以作介詞賓語。2、作動詞賓語 （1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，只起引導(dǎo)詞作用，在句中不做成分，在口語和非正式文體中常省去。I think (that) he'

17、ll be right in a few days.我認(rèn)為他幾天后就會好的。I wish （that）she would understand me.我希望她理解我。（2）由關(guān)系代詞what, who, whose, which引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，在句中作成分，即主語、賓語、表語和定語，關(guān)系代詞在句中不能省略。 A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do計算機(jī)只能按人的指令去做。Do you know whom they are waiting for? 你知道他們在等誰嗎？（3）關(guān)系副詞when，where，how，why等引

18、導(dǎo)賓語從句。關(guān)系副詞 when，where，how，why 既有疑問意義，又起連接作用，而且在賓語從句中充當(dāng)各種狀語，分別表時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan.請告訴我我們將何時討論計劃。I don't know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我們將在哪里開會。（4）由從屬連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in t

19、he countryside.我想知道在農(nóng)村女兒是否和兒子一樣受到重視。（5）動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。動詞如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，賓語從句前可以有一個間接賓語，這個賓語有時可以省略，有的不能省略。He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已經(jīng)通知我們將什么時候討論我的建議。3、作介詞賓語It depends on whether he is coming or not.這要看他是否會來。4、it充

20、當(dāng)形式賓語，真正的賓語-賓語從句后置。正如我們常用it充當(dāng)形式主語代替主語從句一樣，我們也常用it用作形式賓語代替賓語從句，把真正的賓語從句后置。特別是帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略。有下列幾種情況：（1）在動詞接復(fù)合賓語（賓語賓補(bǔ)）時，要用it作形式賓語。We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們按時完成工作有困難。 She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone她認(rèn)為他不接電話是不對的。 （2）在like，enjoy，lov

21、e，hate等表“喜怒哀樂”的動詞，后若要跟賓語從句時，需跟形式賓語 it。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜歡人們滿口飯說話。 I like it that everyone passed the exam都通過了考試我很喜歡。 （3）由動詞和介詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞后接 that 賓語從句時，要用形式賓語。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的時候我負(fù)責(zé)把他照顧好。（4）用于“動詞+賓語+介詞短語”的句型中。Keep

22、it in mind that you have to be home by ten oclock.要記住你得十點(diǎn)鐘之前回家。We took it for granted that he would come.我們認(rèn)為他來是當(dāng)然的。5、否定轉(zhuǎn)移與省略（1）如果主句的謂語動詞是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，主語是第一人稱的一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，其后的賓語從句如含有否定意義，一定要把否定詞一道主句謂語上，從句謂語動詞用肯定形式。I dont think he can do it bett

23、er than me.我想他不會比我干得好。I dont believe he treated the child like that.我相信他不會那樣對待孩子的。（2）think, suppose, believe, expect, guess, reckon, imagine等此類動詞后，在簡略答語中，用 so 替代前文肯定的賓語從句；若替代一個否定的賓語從句，用 not 或 notso 替代前文整個從句。-I believe we've met somewhere before我認(rèn)為我們從前在哪見過。-No，I don't think so沒有，我認(rèn)為我們以前沒見過。-D

24、o you think it's going to rain over the weekend？你認(rèn)為這周末會下雨嗎？-I believe not我認(rèn)為不會。注意：hope 只能說 I hope not 一種形式，因為 hope 不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。1. The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported In yesterdays newspaperA. which            B. whether

25、60;               C. what              D. that 2. One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.A. how     &#

26、160;            B. why             C. that                      D. when 3. _ is our belief

27、 that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.  A. As               B. That              C. This     &#

28、160;     D. It 4. -Its thirty years since we last met.   -But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night.A. which  B. that   C. what   D. when 5. _ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoile

29、d A. What             B. Which              C. Whether             D. That6. Choosing the right dictionary depends

30、on_ you want to use it for.A. what                B. why                   C. how          

31、;      D. whether7. _makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A. What                 B. Who             

32、;  C. Whatever              D. Whoever 8. Mary wrote an article on_ the team had failed to win the game . Awhy                   Bwhat  

33、0;          Cwho               Dthat 9. The way he did it was different_ we were used to . A. in which     B. in what    C. from what   

34、; D. from which11. _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who     B. The one      C. Anyone    D. Whoever13. _is no possibility_ Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. Therethat      &

35、#160;   B. Itthat C. Therewhether         D. Itwhether14. _made the school proud was_ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A. Whatbecause      B. Whatthat C. Thatwhat      D. Thatbecause15. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _I tho