2020學(xué)年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（湖北卷）英語

1、2020年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（湖北卷）第二部分：詞匯知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)：多項(xiàng)選擇（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。例：To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to knowtheir _ and weaknessesA. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values答案：A21. Poetry written from the _ of the urban y

2、outh tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.A. perspective B. priority C. participation D. privilege解析：該題考查名詞的意義。句意：透視城市青年的詩(shī)傾向于揭示他們的焦慮在于缺乏歸屬感。perspective“透視”； priority“ 優(yōu)先，優(yōu)先權(quán)”； participation“參加，參與”； privilege“特權(quán)，優(yōu)惠”。答案：A22. Carbon dioxide, which makes a _ between us and the

3、 sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.A. difference B. comparison C. connection D. barrier解析：該題考查動(dòng)詞和名詞的固定搭配。句意：在人類和太陽之間起重要作用的二氧化碳，防止熱很輕松從大氣中失去，因此地球正在變暖。make a difference“有影響；起（重要）作用”，這是一個(gè)固定搭配。答案：D23. While intelligent people can often _ the co

4、mplex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.A. sacrifice B. substitute C. simplify D. survive解析：該題考查動(dòng)詞的意義。句意：聰明的人往往可以把復(fù)雜簡(jiǎn)單化，而傻瓜則把簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)雜化。sacrifice“犧牲，舍棄，獻(xiàn)出”；substitute“代替，替換”；simplify“簡(jiǎn)化，使簡(jiǎn)易”；survive“幸存，活下來”。答案：C24. According to the law, all foreigners have to _ with the local police within

5、two weeks of arrival.A. associate B. dispute C. negotiate D. register解析：該題考查動(dòng)詞的意義。句意：依據(jù)法律，所有的外國(guó)人都必須在到達(dá)后兩周內(nèi)登記。associate“聯(lián)系，（使）聯(lián)合，結(jié)交”；dispute“辯論，爭(zhēng)論”；negotiate“談判，協(xié)商，交涉”；register“登記，注冊(cè)”。答案：D25. Butterflies _ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.A. carry on B. feed on

6、 C. put on D. focus on解析：該題考查動(dòng)詞短語的意義。句意：蝴蝶吃由花產(chǎn)生的甜的液體，這種液體是由蜜蜂和其他昆蟲的收集的。carry on“進(jìn)行，開展，經(jīng)營(yíng)” ；feed on“以為食”；put on“穿戴，上演，舉辦，播放”；focus on“致力于，使聚焦于，使直射于，（使）集中”。答案：B26. In much of the animal world, night is the time _ for sleeppure and simple.A. set aside B. set down C. set off D. set up解析：該題考查動(dòng)詞短語的意義。句意：在

7、大部分的動(dòng)物的世界里，晚上的時(shí)間用于睡眠既單純又簡(jiǎn)單。set aside“留作之用，留出用于”； set down“制定，（使）放下，（叫）下車，記下”；set off“出發(fā)，（使）開始，引起”；set up“創(chuàng)建，建立”。答案：A27. People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often _ rather than based on fixed criteria.A. appropriate B. conscious C. arbitrary D. controversial解析：該題考查形容詞的意義。句意

8、：有人抱怨，決定批準(zhǔn)或拒絕許可證往往是任意的。appropriate“適當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)模线m的”；conscious“有意識(shí)的，神志清醒的”；arbitrary“ 隨意的，任性的，隨心所欲的”；controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的，引起爭(zhēng)議的”。答案：C28. He didnt selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a _ contribution to help the community.A. commercial B. generous C. comparable D.

9、 profitable解析：該題考查形容詞的意義。句意：他毫不自私地把自己從他叔叔那里繼承的那筆錢作為已有，向社會(huì)作出慷慨的捐獻(xiàn)。commercial“商業(yè)的；貿(mào)易的；營(yíng)利的”；generous“慷慨的，大方的”；comparable“比較的；比得上的”；profitable“有利可圖的，有益的”。答案：B29. Dont defend him any more. Its obvious that he _ destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.A. accidentally B. carelessly C. delibe

10、rately D. clumsily解析：該題考查副詞的意義。句意：別為他辯護(hù)的任何更多的，很明顯，他故意破壞花園的圍墻甚至沒有道歉。accidentally“偶然地，意外地”；carelessly“ 無憂無慮地；粗心大意地”；deliberately“故意地，蓄意地”；clumsily“笨拙的；不靈活的”。答案：C30. An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _ a long lost antique Greek vase.A. at random B. by cha

11、nce C. in turn D. on occasion解析：該題考查介詞短語的意義。句意：一個(gè)在南部島上旅行的畫家偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只古希臘花瓶。at random“任意地，隨便地”；by chance“偶然地，意外地”；in return“反過來，作為報(bào)答”；on occasion“有時(shí)， 間或”。答案：B第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Zigfried, a little mouse, blew his breath on the frosty window of the far

12、mhouse and rubbed it to see the outside. Still nobody came. Maybe today, he thought 31 . It was only a few days before Christmas and he was watching for a miracle (奇跡).This farmhouse had been 32 too long. It needed a family. Zigfrieds 33 made a noise. He realized that he hadnt eaten anything since y

13、esterday. He jumped from the windowsill (窗沿), grabbed a 34 from his home, and went next door to Farmer Mikes.Farmer Mikes house had been a great place for the little mouse 35 the farmer married a wife who had a cat. Zigfried 36 when he thought of it. He looked around cautiously as he 37 into the roo

14、m where grain was stored and was quite 38 as he filled his bag with wheat. He was turning to leave when suddenly he 39 a hot breath about his ear. His heart beat 40 , and without thinking he started to run and luckily 41 the cats paws (爪子).The next afternoon Zigfried heard some good news: a 42 famil

15、y would be moving into the farmhouse soon. Zigfrieds granny would arrive on Christmas Eve to 43 with him. He hoped that the family would come before his granny came. Before long, a car came 44 the road leading to the house, with butter sandwiches, cheese and chocolate.Zigfrieds Christmas miracle did

16、 arrive!The house came 45 the next few days. Zigfried 46 every single hour of them. 47 , the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a 48 smile at the door of his home, he heard the 49 of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas. What? A cat? The 50 fro

17、ze on his face； his mouth fell wide open. After a long while, he at last found his voice: “Hey! Whose Christmas miracle is this?”31. A. carefully B. excitedly C. hopefully D. proudly解析：該題考查具體語境理解和副詞意義的不同。還是沒有人來，今天還是有希望，在圣誕節(jié)來臨前，還有奇跡的發(fā)生，carefully“小心地”； excitedly“高興地”hopefully“有希望地”；proudly“自豪地”。答案：C32

18、. A. shabby B. noisy C. messy D. empty解析：該題考查具體語境理解和形容詞意義的不同。根據(jù)后面：It needed a family“這房子需要一個(gè)家”可知，這房子空多時(shí)了。shabby“破舊的；破敗的；破爛的”；noisy“ 嘈雜的；喧鬧的”；messy“凌亂的，散亂的”；empty“空的，空虛的，空洞的”。答案：D33. A. mouth B. nose C. stomach D. throat解析：該題考查具體語境理解和常識(shí)。根據(jù)本句后面的：He realized that he hadnt eaten anything since yesterday

19、.“他意識(shí)到從昨天他沒有吃任何東西?！笨芍亲羽I了，故選C。答案：C34. A. bag B. stick C. bowl D. coat解析：該題考查具體語境理解和名詞意義的不同。肚子餓了，他從窗臺(tái)上跳了起來，從他的家抓起一個(gè)口袋，到農(nóng)民邁克家去。同時(shí)下文有提示：. 38 as he filled his bag with wheat.答案：A35. A. although B. until C. whereas D. unless解析：該題考查具體語境理解和連詞意義的不同。麥克的房子對(duì)這只小老鼠來說是一個(gè)好地方，直到農(nóng)民農(nóng)民娶了妻子，這個(gè)女人有一只貓。although“盡管；雖然”；un

20、til“到為止，在以前”；whereas“但是，然而”unless“除非”。答案：B36. A. leapt B. sniffed C. trembled D. withdrew解析：該題考查具體語境理解和常識(shí)。麥克的妻子養(yǎng)一只貓，貓是老鼠的天敵。故當(dāng)Zigfried聽到這就顫抖。答案：C37. A. broke B. marched C. paced D. stole解析：該題考查具體語境理解和動(dòng)詞意義的不同。所以當(dāng)他潛入房間時(shí)，他環(huán)顧四周，小心翼翼。 break“打破；折斷”；march“前進(jìn)，行軍”；pace“踱步，走來走去”；steal“偷，偷偷地行動(dòng)，秘密、不顯明地行動(dòng)”。答案：D3

21、8. A. curious B. nervous C. pitiful D. sensible解析：該題考查具體語境理解和形容詞意義的不同。由于對(duì)貓的害怕，當(dāng)Zigfried裝小麥時(shí)都十分不安。curious“好奇的, 好求知的”； nervous“不安的”pitiful“令人憐憫的，使人同情的”；sensible“明智的，合乎情理的”。答案：B 39. A. took B. released C. felt D. drew解析：該題考查具體語境理解和動(dòng)詞意義的不同。它感覺到他的耳邊灼熱的呼吸。貓來了。答案：C40.A. strongly B. irregularly C. slowly D.

22、 wildly解析：該題考查具體語境理解和副詞意義的不同。貓來了，它的心跳加速。strongly“強(qiáng)烈地，堅(jiān)強(qiáng)地”； irregularly“不規(guī)則地”；slowly“緩慢地，慢吞吞地”；wildly“瘋狂地，失去控制地 ”。答案：D41. A. escaped B. seized C. rubbed D. scratched解析：該題考查具體語境理解和動(dòng)詞意義的不同。貓來了，來不及想，跑，慶幸的是，逃出了貓的爪子。escape“逃脫”；seize“抓住”；rub“ 擦，摩擦”；scratch“ 擦，刮”。答案：A42. A. close B. happy C. new D. young解析：

23、該題考查具體語境理解和形容詞意義的不同。第二天下午，Zigfried聽到一些好消息：一個(gè)新家要搬到這個(gè)空房子了。答案：C43. A. celebrate B. communicate C. compete D. compromise解析：該題考查具體語境理解和動(dòng)詞意義的不同。Zigfried的奶奶也會(huì)在平安夜來與它一起慶祝。celebrate“慶祝；歌頌”； communicate“交流”；compete“競(jìng)賽，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”；compromise“妥協(xié)”。答案：A44. A. across B. from C. off D. up解析：該題考查具體語境理解和動(dòng)詞短語意義的不同。不久，一輛車出現(xiàn)在公路

24、上，come across“偶遇，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”；come from“來自某處；出生于”； come off“成功，達(dá)到效果”； come up“出現(xiàn)”。答案：D45. A. alive B. loose C. open D. still解析：該題考查具體語境理解和形容詞意義的不同。空房子搬了人家，故又恢復(fù)了活力。alive“活潑的，有生氣的”；loose“松的，寬的”；open“敞開的，開著的”；still“不動(dòng)的，靜止的”。答案：A46. A. counted B. enjoyed C. missed D. wasted解析：該題考查具體語境理解和動(dòng)詞意義的不同。空房子搬了人家，故又恢復(fù)了活力

25、，所以它享受著這每一分鐘。答案：B47.A. However B. Instead C. Moreover D. Therefore解析：該題考查具體語境理解副詞意義的不同。但當(dāng)它聽一聽到孩子們的討論時(shí)，它的微笑僵在臉上了，中間表轉(zhuǎn)折。故用However。答案：A48. A. bitter B. forced C. polite D. satisfied解析：該題考查具體語境理解和形容詞意義的不同。當(dāng)他帶著滿意的微笑喝著熱巧克力時(shí)，故用satisfied“滿意的”。答案：D49. A. introduction B. discussion C. comment D. debate解析：該題考查

26、具體語境理解和名詞意義的不同。它聽到了孩子們的討論，可得到什么樣的圣誕禮物時(shí)。Introduction“介紹”；discussion“討論”comment“評(píng)論”；debate“爭(zhēng)論”。答案：B50. A. blood B. smile C. tear D. sweat解析：該題考查具體語境理解和名詞意義的不同。什么？一只老鼠？笑容僵在臉上了。同時(shí)前面有提示：with a 48 smile答案：B第三部分：閱讀理解(共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分)閱讀下列短文，從每篇短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASome years ago, writing in my d

27、iary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the days events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences for

28、ever recorded on paper. After all, isnt accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, well-equipped with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came ac

29、ross. I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threateni

30、ng behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my penAt that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I

31、 had set down in my diary.Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very oftenonly of objects I find really beau

32、tiful. Im no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.I dont want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes

33、. Maybe I wont have as many exact representations of people and places； maybe Ill forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me. I dont live to make memoriesI just live, and the memories form themselves.51. Before the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a d

34、iary as a way of _.A. observing her school routine B. expressing her satisfactionC. impressing her classmates D. preserving her history解析：該題考查句意理解題。根據(jù)文章的意思，特別是第一段最后兩句：but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper. After all, isnt accumulating memories a way

35、 of preserving the past?關(guān)鍵詞：a way of preserving the past“保護(hù)過去的一種方法?！贝鸢福篋52. What caused a change in the authors understanding of keeping a diary?A. A dull night on the journey. B. The beauty of the great valley.C. A striking quotation from a book. D. Her concerns for future generations.解析：該題考查句意理解題。

36、根據(jù)文章第二段的描述：The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows.可知，這樣的景色太美了。答案：B53. What does the author put in her diary now?A. Notes and beautiful pictures. B. Special thoughts and feelings.C. Detailed accounts of daily a

37、ctivities. D. Descriptions of unforgettable events.解析：該題考查文章細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句：Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.關(guān)鍵詞：a special thought or feeling.。答案：B54. The author comes to realize that to live a meaningful life is _.A. to experience it B. to live the

38、 present in the futureC. to make memories D. to give accurate representations of it解析：該題考查作者目的題。根據(jù)文章的意思，特別是第四段最后一句：I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.關(guān)鍵詞：preserving the present so as to live it in the fut

39、ure.就保護(hù)現(xiàn)在，才能活在未來里。答案：ABMothers and daughters go through so muchyet when was the last time a mother and daughter sat down to write a book together about it all? Perri Klass and her mother, Sheila Solomon Klass, both gifted professional writers, prove to be ideal co-writers as they examine their decad

40、es of motherhood, daughterhood, and the wonderful ways their lives have overlapped(重疊).Perri notes with amazement how closely her own life has mirrored her mothers: both have full-time careers； both have published books, articles, and stories； each has three children； they both love to read. They al

41、so love to travelin fact, they often take trips together. But in truth, the harder they look at their lives, the more they acknowledge their big differences in circumstance and basic nature.A child of the Depression(大蕭條), Sheila was raised in Brooklyn by parents who considered education a luxury for

42、 girls. Starting with her college education, she has fought for everything shes ever accomplished. Perri, on the other hand, grew up privileged in the New Jersey suburbs of the 1960s and 1970s. For Sheila, wasting time or money is a crime, and luxury is unthinkable while Perri enjoys the occasional

43、small luxury, but has not been successful at trying to persuade her mother into enjoying even the tiniest thing she likes.Each writing in her own unmistakable voice, Perri and Sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains, the love and bitterness, the minor troubles and lasting respect that have al

44、ways bonded them together. Sheila describes the adventure of giving birth to Perri in a tiny town in Trinidad where her husband was doing research fieldwork. Perri admits that she cant sort out all the mess in the households, even though she knows it drives her mother crazy. Together they compare th

45、oughts on bringing up children and working, admit long-hidden sorrows, and enjoy precious memories.Looking deep into the lives they have lived separately and together, Perri and Sheila tell their mother-daughter story with honesty, humor, enthusiasm, and admiration for each other. A written account

46、in two voices, Every Mother Is a Daughter is a duet(二重奏) that produces a deep, strong sound with the experiences that all mothers and daughters will recognize.55. Why does Perri think that her own life has mirrored her mothers?A. They both have gone through difficult times.B. They have strong emotio

47、nal ties with each other.C. They have the same joys and pains, and love and bitterness.D. They both have experiences as daughter, mother and writer.解析：該題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段：both have full-time careers； both have published books, articles, and stories；each has three children；they both love to read. They

48、also love to travelin fact, they often take trips together. 可知。答案：D 56. The word “l(fā)uxury” in Paragraph 3 means _.A. something rare but not pleasantB. something that cannot be imaginedC. something expensive but not necessaryD. something that can only be enjoyed by boys解析：該題考查單詞在具體語境中意義。根據(jù)本詞所在的句子，在經(jīng)濟(jì)大

49、蕭條時(shí)代出生的孩子，教育對(duì)女孩來說就是一種可望不可及的“奢侈品”。答案：C57. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. The content of the book. B. The purpose of the book.C. The influence of the book. D. The writing style of the book.解析：該題考查文章段意題。根據(jù)本段的意思，特別是文章的第一句：Each writing in her own unmistakable voice, Perri and Sheila take turns explo

50、ring the joys and pains, the love and bitterness,可知。他們寫作的內(nèi)容。答案：A58. How are womens lives explored in this book?A. In a musical form. B. Through field research.C. With unique writing skills. D. From different points of view.解析：該題考查邏輯推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后一段：Looking deep into the lives they have lived separate

51、ly and together, Perri and Sheila tell their mother-daughter story with honesty, humor, enthusiasm, and admiration for each other. A written account in two voices, Every Mother Is a Daughter is a duet(二重奏) that produces a deep, strong sound with the experiences that all mothers and daughters will re

52、cognize.關(guān)鍵詞：separately and together,with honesty, humor, enthusiasm, and admiration for each other可理解得出她們從不同的角度來揭示女性的生活。答案：DCWeve reached a strangesome would say unusualpoint. While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Healt

53、h Organization (WHO), more people now die from being overweight, or say, from being extremely fat, than from being underweight. Its the good life thats more likely to kill us these days.Worse, nearly l8 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight. Whats goi

54、ng on?We really dont have many excuses for our weight problems. The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting throughup to a point.In the 1970s, Finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being

55、overweight was its main cause. Not any more. A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005, and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body. That has b