英語不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞

1、非謂語動詞 語法講解Wuxun High School非謂語動詞的類型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 動名詞動名詞Participle 分詞分詞Structure : to be doneInfinitive:to doNegative (否定否定): not to doPassive voice:(1). 主語主語 Subject不定式作主語時不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之后往往放在謂語之后,用用it作形式主語作形式主語.To get enough sleep at night is important.It_.It is adj. (for sb) to do sth.I

2、t is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb +time to do.is important to get enough sleep at night1.吸煙對你來說是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke. 2.和你一起共進(jìn)晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took two years to complete the project.3.完成這項(xiàng)工程只花了二年時間。鞏固練習(xí)1(2). 表語表語 PredicativeMy jo

3、bYour task _(努力學(xué)習(xí)努力學(xué)習(xí)).is to study hardTo see is to believe.to teach you English.These days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3) 賓語賓語 Object常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有:fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.+ to dolike to domanage to dothink considerfind make feel形式賓

4、語形式賓語4.我希望很快收到你的信。I hope to hear from you soon.5.我決定不留下來。I decided not to stay.6.學(xué)生們認(rèn)為玩電腦游戲很有趣。Students thought_.7.她覺得沒有沒有必要和他辯論。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it + adj.+ to do 鞏固練習(xí)2The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) Complement五

5、看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二聽二聽 listen to hear一感覺一感覺: feel當(dāng)遇到下列動詞時當(dāng)遇到下列動詞時,不定式省略不定式省略to: allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等等. 醫(yī)生建議他去南方醫(yī)生建議他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.sb to doI made him do his work.He _by

6、 me.See sb do sth-sb be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.A.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen改錯: He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work(5). 定語定語 Attributive (如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞則不定式中要有介詞.)He is looking for_.（一間可以住的房子）There

7、is nothing_.*我想要幾本書在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books to read during the journey-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyto worry aboutThe topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the

8、 Olympics 2008.（沒有什么可擔(dān)心的沒有什么可擔(dān)心的）a room to live inI came here .He got up early to catch the train.(6) 狀語狀語 Adverbialin order to , so as to ,1.1.表目的表目的2.表原因表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表結(jié)果表結(jié)果This room is big enough to hold us.enoughto, tooto, only to, etc.He lifted a rock only to drop i

9、t on his own feet.1._ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21題鞏固練習(xí)2翻譯：1935年,他離開家再也沒回來。In 1935 he left home never to return.1. 作主語作主語2. 作表語作表語3. 作賓語作賓語4. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語5. 作定語作定語6. 作狀語作狀語在句中承擔(dān)的成分在句中承擔(dān)的成分:主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式完成式完成式完成進(jìn)

10、行式完成進(jìn)行式Tense and Voice （時態(tài)與語態(tài)） to be doing to have done to have been done - to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示與謂語的動作同時一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/ /發(fā)生在它之后發(fā)生在它之后.).)( (在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時, ,不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行

11、) )( (完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前) )1.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told鞏固練習(xí)33. Charles Babbage

12、 is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weavewho, which, when, how, what,whom,whether who, which, w

13、hen, how, what,whom,whether 等連用，等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。我不知道是否要接受邀請。我不知道是否要接受邀請。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(賓語賓語)How to solve the problem is very important.(主語主語)如何解決這個問題很重要如何解決這個問題很重要。我的問題是什么時候開始。我的問題是什么時候開始。My question is when to start.( (表語表語) )不定式

14、與疑問詞連用不定式與疑問詞連用:關(guān)于省略關(guān)于省略 (1).不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要下文要 省略該動詞省略該動詞. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? (2). 不定式是不定式是to be 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu), be 不可省不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? A. Id like to B.Id like to go Yes, _.A.Id like to be. B. Id like to.Yes,_.1. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but i

15、ts no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to鞏固練習(xí)4不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時后時,如如果這些介詞前有行為動詞果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式的各種形式,那么那么介詞后的不定式不帶介詞后的不定式不帶to, 相反則帶相反則帶

16、to.v(1). She could do nothing but _ .(cry)v(2). I have no choice but_. (go)v(3).What do you like _ besides_ . (do, sleep)cryto goto dosleep (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health. to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.

17、We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants_once more.5.I meant _ you about it, but I forgot to do so.to have told 1. (MET92 14) -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. tryi

18、ng to go C. to try and go D. try going2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (MET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding4. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cle

19、aned 3. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海上海14) to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 5. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been

20、 studying6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see8. The mother did

21、nt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning10.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it o

22、ff D. having turned it off11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 12. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects13. Little

23、 Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not makeC. not making D. not to makeAssignment:1.Review what we have learned about infinitive.2.Do all the exercise in the paper.不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在不定式作定

24、語時，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面被修飾詞的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定語之后。且放在其他后置定語之后。1. 不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種三種關(guān)系：關(guān)系：v(1)動賓關(guān)系動賓關(guān)系 vI have a lot of work to do. v(2)主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系 vHe is always the first to come. v(3)同位關(guān)系同位關(guān)系vWe all have a chance to go to college.vhad better+ (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事vWhy (not) do sth.?vprefer

25、to do/prefer doingvprefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing Bvprefer + to do A rather than (to) do Bvwould rather (not) do sth.vwould rather do A than (do) Bvwould rather + 句子（過去式）句子（過去式）v （虛擬語氣）（虛擬語氣） 要做要做注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法v*在在the first, the second，the last和和only之后，只能用之后，只能用to do。 如：He was the

26、last to leave the classroom v*如果如果understand，realize, know用在用在begin, start, attempt, intend后，只能用后，只能用to do。 如：I began to understand the truthv*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用而用in order not to do或或so as not to do。 如：()In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()No

27、t to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seenv*so as to do一般不放在句首。一般不放在句首。 ()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus (X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning My teacher was made _ his

28、teaching because of poor health. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic. having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered t

29、he wonderful cloth _ for him without delay. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having

30、turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _. school t

31、o study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usuall

32、y go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change? to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night. To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food. beg B. begging C. begged D. to

33、beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,

34、 _ it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. to

35、 see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C

36、. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A.

37、 not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone

38、12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sl

39、eep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to makev1.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. v2.I want to see you.v3.I want him to see you. v4.My hope is to see you.v5.He is the man to see you.v6.Im glad to see yo

40、u.v7.I went to see you.v8.He went so early as to see youv9. To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.v10. How to solve this problem is very important.（作主語）（作主語）(作賓語）作賓語）（作賓補(bǔ)）（作賓補(bǔ)）(作表語）作表語）（作定語）（作定語）（作原因狀語）（作原因狀語）（作目的狀語）（作目的狀語）（作結(jié)果狀語）（作結(jié)果狀語）獨(dú)立成分獨(dú)立成分和疑問詞連用和疑問詞連用Gerund 動名詞動名詞一一. Structure： doing Ne

41、gative： not doing二二. 時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)ing 一般式一般式完成式完成式makinghaving made(不作定語）不作定語）being madehaving been made(不作定語不作定語三三. 在句中承擔(dān)的成分在句中承擔(dān)的成分:1. 作主語作主語2. 作賓語作賓語3. 作定語作定語4. 作表語作表語Collecting information is very important to business.1.作主語作主語:Seeing is believing. e.g. -What made him so unhappy?-_ the tick

42、et for the football match. Having been lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. LosingKey : _DLosing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappyv對著打翻了的牛奶哭是沒用的。vCrying over the spilt milk is no use.vIt is no use crying over the spilt milk.v類似的還有：vIt is no good doing sth.vIt is no use doing sth.

43、I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?2.作賓語作賓語: Vt. Prep.+doing下列動詞通常用下列動詞通常用ing形式作賓語形式作賓語：vadmit, appreciate, deny, resist, stand, imagine, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, consider, cant help, 等。等。如:1） 你介意我在這兒抽煙嗎? Would you

44、mind my smoking here ? 2）這女孩被告知每天練習(xí)三個小時的鋼琴. The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3） Good news keeps coming. 下列下列V.+prep.通常用通常用ing形式作賓語形式作賓語,尤其注意介詞尤其注意介詞tove.g. insist on, prevent from, depend on, feel like, be fond of, succeed in, be proud of, excuse for , apolog

45、ize for, look forward to, object to , be used to, be opposed to, etc. Prep. 后通常用后通常用ing形式作賓語形式作賓語.ve.g. The boy stood still without _ (dare) to raise his head because of _ (break) a vase.daringhaving brokento do 和doing 的區(qū)別:remember to do remember doingforget to do forget doingstop to do stop doinggo

46、 on to do go on doingtry to do try doingregret to do regret doing mean to do mean doing注意注意: 動詞如：動詞如： permit ,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider 有不同的用法有不同的用法:vV + sb to do sth & V + doing sthe.g. ：The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late.Please permit me to introduce myself to you firstY

47、ou surely cant consider him to be a selfish manMy parents forbid me to stay out after mid-nightI allowed the children to play in my room for another five minutes.vadvisepermitallowadmitforbidconsider doing sth.e.g. ：v The little boy admitted having broken the glass.vThey shouldnt allow parking in th

48、e street ; its too narrow.vI forbid smoking in my housevWe do not permit smoking in the office3.作表語作表語vMy hobby is collecting stamps and fishing.vHis job is teaching.Whats the difference between them?Im fishing.My hobby is fishing.動名詞動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞4.作定語作定語:va walking stickvA swimming poolvA sleeping ca

49、r區(qū)別區(qū)別The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy動名詞修飾名詞表動名詞修飾名詞表示名詞的功能示名詞的功能現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表示該名詞所處的狀態(tài)示該名詞所處的狀態(tài)Gerund的邏輯主語的邏輯主語:vTom insisted on coming to the party.vTom insisted on my coming to the party.v我?guī)缀鯚o法想象我?guī)缀鯚o法想象peter在五天內(nèi)橫渡大西洋在五天內(nèi)橫渡大西洋.vI can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atl

50、antic Ocean in five days.動名詞表示被動意義:v在動詞或詞組need, want, require, be worth, deserve, etc. 后的動名詞表示被動意義:vYour composition needs improving.vYour composition needs to be improved.vThe book is worth reading a second time.vThe book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.非謂語動詞 語法講解Wuxun High School非

51、謂語動詞的類型:Participle 分詞分詞-ing 分詞分詞-ed 分詞分詞 -ing分詞分詞(以以make為例為例 )-ed 分詞分詞主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式完成式完成式主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式 完成式完成式Having mademakingbeing madeHaving been mademadeXXX分詞在句中承擔(dān)的成分分詞在句中承擔(dān)的成分:v由于分詞具有由于分詞具有形容詞性和副詞性形容詞性和副詞性,在句在句子中不能充當(dāng)具有名詞特征的子中不能充當(dāng)具有名詞特征的主語和主語和賓語賓語. 成份類別主主語語賓語賓語定語定語表語表語補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)語狀語狀語現(xiàn)在

52、分詞 過去分詞 1.作定語作定語-the sun which is rising-ing分詞和分詞和-ed分詞修飾名詞有分詞修飾名詞有前置位前置位&后置位后置位.1. the rising sun 2. He is a retired worker.-He is a worker who has already retired.e.g.v3. The problem bothering us is the lack of money.v4. These are goods imported from Japan. 前置位前置位:后置位后置位v- The problem (which i

53、s) bothering us is the lack of money-ing分詞表示分詞表示“進(jìn)行進(jìn)行” -ed分詞表示分詞表示“完成完成”-ing分詞表示分詞表示“主動主動”-ed分詞表示分詞表示 “被動被動”主動主動進(jìn)行進(jìn)行被動被動完成完成在時態(tài)上在時態(tài)上:在語態(tài)上在語態(tài)上:- These are goods (which were) imported from Japan. Exercises : vThe _(work) people have played a great role in the activity. vI dont like _(can) food , I pre

54、fer something fresh . workingcannedv1. 站在她媽媽旁邊的那個女孩站在她媽媽旁邊的那個女孩看上去很膽小。看上去很膽小。vThe girl_ by her mother looked very timid. v2. 最近到處最近到處在議論的話題在議論的話題都與都與2008年奧運(yùn)會有關(guān)。年奧運(yùn)會有關(guān)。v vThe topics _ everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008 .who was standingstandingbeing discussedwhich are being disc

55、ussedWhats the difference?1. The topics being discussed everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008. to be discusseddiscussed進(jìn)行進(jìn)行完成完成將來將來2. The topics _(discuss) at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.3. The topics _ (discuss) at yesterdays meeting was about the Olymp

56、ics 2008.鞏固練習(xí)一鞏固練習(xí)一v用所給動詞的正確形式填空：v1)The man_ (question) in the police station now is a spyv2)A man_ (respect) others will be respectedv3)Half of the guests _(invite) to the conference were foreigners.v4)The matter _(discuss) is very importantv5.被汽車撞傷的小孩被汽車撞傷的小孩馬上被送到了醫(yī)院。馬上被送到了醫(yī)院。 vThe boy was sent to

57、 the hospital immediately.v6.每天給我辦公室送郵件的人給我辦公室送郵件的人是位退休工人是位退休工人.vThe man every day is a retired worker .injured by the cardelivering mails to my officevThe glass is broken.vThe food smells inviting .2.作表語作表語vWhat he said sounds_ (convince). vHe was _(interest) in what he learned in Canada and he tho

58、ught everything in Canada was _(interest)convincinginterestedinteresting這道菜香味怡人。這道菜香味怡人。Please fill in the blank with the verb given：使信服v類似情況還有：surprising surprised, v exciting excited, v tiring tired , v disappointing disappointed, v encouraging encouraged ，v amazed amazing , v bored boring , v ple

59、asing pleased, v astonishing astonished. v-ed 分詞分詞vSb. + Link.v + -ed分詞分詞v-ing分詞分詞 vSth. + Link.v + -ing分詞分詞 人的感覺人的感覺事物本身的特點(diǎn)事物本身的特點(diǎn)鞏固練習(xí)二鞏固練習(xí)二v用所給動詞的-ed 或ing形式填空：v1)The journey was quite_(tire)v2)The result of the exam made me _ (disappoint)v3)This was really an _moment(excite)v4)His _look suggested

60、that he didnt understand it(puzzle)v5)He seemed quite _at the idea. (delight)v6)The present situation is _(encourage)vThey caught him cheating in the mid-term examinationvHe was caught cheating in the mid-term vexamination.vYou cant leave the workshop with the machine running.3.作補(bǔ)語作補(bǔ)語1.賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語2.主語補(bǔ)足語主語補(bǔ)