【精品】高一英語(yǔ)下冊(cè) Unit21 Body language(備課資料)教案 大綱人教版第一冊(cè)

1、Reference for Teaching一、異域風(fēng)情.The American Eye BehavioursAmericans are careful about how and when they meet one another's eyes.In their normal conversation,each eye contact lasts only about a second before one or both individuals look away.When two Americans look searchingly into each other's

2、 eyes,emotions are heightened and the relationship becomes more intimate.Therefore,they carefully avoid this,except in appropriate circumstances.Proper street behaviour in the United States requires a nice balance of attention and inattention.You are supposed to look at a passer-by just enough to sh

3、ow that you're aware of his presence.If you look too little,you appear haughty or secretive;too much and you're inquisitive.Usually what happens is that people eye each other until they are about eight feet apart.At which point both cast down their eyes.In England the polite listener stares

4、at the speaker attentively and blinks his eyes occasionally as a sign of interest.That eye-blink says nothing to Americans,who expect the listener to nod or to murmur somethingsuch as“mm-hum.”Americans abroad sometimes find local eye behaviours hard to interpret.Such complaints can often be heard:“P

5、eople there were disturbing.They stared right at me on the street;they looked me up and down.I kept wondering if I was uncombed or unzipped.”They don't know that people in some places think nothing of staring at others on the street.美國(guó)人對(duì)如何以及何時(shí)進(jìn)行目光接觸是較為認(rèn)真的。在通常的交談中，他們每次目光接觸往往持續(xù)不過(guò)約1秒鐘，然后便有一方或雙方轉(zhuǎn)移視線

6、。如果兩個(gè)美國(guó)人探究地望著彼此的眼睛，其感情便會(huì)升溫，其間的關(guān)系便會(huì)更為親密。因此除非在適當(dāng)?shù)膱?chǎng)合，他們小心避免這樣的目光接觸。形體語(yǔ)言：美國(guó)人的眼睛行為在美國(guó)得體的路遇行為是保持注意與不注意間的平衡。你應(yīng)當(dāng)正視迎面而來(lái)的路人但時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短的掌握要以能表明你意識(shí)到雙方的出現(xiàn)為準(zhǔn)。如果你投去的目光過(guò)于短促，你會(huì)顯得目中無(wú)人或有所遮掩；但如果你投去的目光過(guò)長(zhǎng)，你則會(huì)顯得有些過(guò)于好奇了。通常美國(guó)人看著對(duì)方直至彼此相距約8英尺(約2.5米)遠(yuǎn)，然后雙方都會(huì)垂下眼簾。在英國(guó)，禮貌的聽(tīng)者會(huì)認(rèn)真地注視講話者并不時(shí)眨眨眼睛表示感興趣。但眨眼對(duì)美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)并不意味什么，他們希望聽(tīng)者點(diǎn)頭或發(fā)些呣，嗯之類(lèi)的聲音表示興趣。

7、出國(guó)在外的美國(guó)人有時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難解釋當(dāng)?shù)厝说难凵?。他們常常抱怨：“那兒的人真讓人心煩。他們?cè)诖蠼稚暇湍敲炊⒅?；他們上上下下打量我。我總懷疑自己是不是沒(méi)梳頭或沒(méi)系好拉鎖?！彼麄儾恢烙行┑胤降娜瞬⒉挥X(jué)得在大街上盯著他人看有什么不妥。.Body Language in AmericaGestures are the “silent language”of every culture.We point a finger or move another part of the body to show what we want to say.It is important to know the bod

8、y language of every country or we may be misunderstood.In the United States,people greet each other with a handshake in a formal introduction.The handshake must be firm.If the handshake is weak,it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness.Friends may place a hand on the other's arm or shoulder.Som

9、e people,usually women,greet a friend with a hug(緊抱).Space is important to Americans.When two people talk to each other,they usually stand about two and a half feet(69 centimetres)away and at an angle,so they are not facing each other directly.Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too clo

10、se.They will move back to have their space.If Americans touch another person by accident,they say,“Pardon me,”or“Excuse me.”Americans like to look the other person in the eyes when they are talking.If you don't do so,it means you are bored,hiding something,or are not interested.But when you star

11、e at someone,it is not polite.For Americans,“thumbs up”means yes,very good,or well done.“Thumbs down”means the opposite.To call a waiter,raise one hand to head level or above.To show you want the check,make a movement with your hands as if you are signing a piece of paper.It is all right to point at

12、 things but not at people with the hand and index finger(食指).Americans shake their index finger at children when they scold them and pat them on the head when they admire them.Learning a culture's body language is sometimes confusing.If you don't know what to do,the safest thing to do is to

13、smile.二、知識(shí)歸納(一)go ahead 的用法1.前進(jìn)，往前走(go forward)e.g.They went ahead to see what had happened.他們往前走看發(fā)生了什么事。Go straight ahead till you see the entrance.一直往前走，直到你看到入口為止。2.先走(go first)e.g.You can go ahead and tell them I'm coming.你可以先走一步，并告訴他們我就來(lái)了。They went ahead of us to clear the road.他們走在我們前面，清除路上

14、的障礙。3.取得進(jìn)展(make progress)e.g.The girl is going ahead fast.這個(gè)女孩取得的進(jìn)步很快。Everything is going ahead well.一切進(jìn)展得很順利。4.繼續(xù)下去(go on with sth.)常與介詞with連用e.g.Please go ahead with your story;we're all listening.請(qǐng)繼續(xù)講你的故事，我們都在聽(tīng)。Go ahead with your concert.繼續(xù)演奏你的音樂(lè)會(huì)吧。5.毫不猶豫地進(jìn)行(preceed without hesitation)一般用于祈使句

15、中，根據(jù)句意靈活翻譯，表示鼓勵(lì)對(duì)方做某事，意思是“請(qǐng)吧”“說(shuō)下去”，“請(qǐng)盡管用”等。e.g.I wonder if I could use your phone?我能用一下你的電話嗎？Sure.Go ahead.好的，請(qǐng)盡管用。A:May I ask you a question?我可以問(wèn)你個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？B:Yes,go ahead.可以，你問(wèn)吧。If you think you can deal with that problem,just go ahead.如果你認(rèn)為你能處理那個(gè)問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)盡管干吧。(二)不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的比較不定式與動(dòng)名詞作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一部分，是高中的一項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。但

16、不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的異同很難辨別，現(xiàn)就這一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行比較、歸納。1.不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其意義沒(méi)有多大差別，一般可以互換。e.g.It's a pleasure to meet you.見(jiàn)到你很高興。It's a pleasure meeting you.見(jiàn)到你很高興。2.但在實(shí)際使用中，其選擇取舍，主要依據(jù)以下原則：(1)不定式作主語(yǔ)一般表示某個(gè)特定的、比較具體的動(dòng)作；而動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)則表示某個(gè)抽象的、泛指的動(dòng)作。e.g.It is bad manners to stare at a foreign guest.盯著外國(guó)人看是不禮貌的。Learning a foreign

17、language is very useful to me.學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是很有用的。To make a plan first is a good idea.首先制定計(jì)劃是個(gè)好主意。Eating too much is bad for your health.吃多了對(duì)身體不好。(2)在口語(yǔ)中，用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)置于句首的情況較不定式多。(2)在疑問(wèn)句中，一般用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，不用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)。e.g.Does our saying that mean anything to him?(正)Does for us to say that mean anything to him?

18、(誤)我們說(shuō)這話，對(duì)他能起作用嗎？(4)在句型It is+表示否定的形容詞(-less)或名詞(no good,on use)后，一般多用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，而不用不定式。e.g.It's useless studying English without practice.學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)而不實(shí)踐是無(wú)用的。It's no use talking about it.談那事是無(wú)用的。(5)在“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)中，用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，而不用不定式。e.g.There is no holding back the wheels of history.歷史的車(chē)輪不容倒轉(zhuǎn)。(6)在“主-系-表”結(jié)構(gòu)中

19、，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)所采用的非謂語(yǔ)形式要一致，即：表語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也用不定式；表語(yǔ)用動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也用動(dòng)名詞。e.g.To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。(7)在“It is worth while”結(jié)構(gòu)中，用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)均可，沒(méi)有什么差別。e.g.It is worth while discussing(to discuss)the question.討論一下這個(gè)問(wèn)題是值得的。Trying(To try)the experiment is worth while.這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)值得試一試。三、詞語(yǔ)辨析(一)meet/meet with1.

20、meet 意為“碰見(jiàn)”“遇見(jiàn)”“見(jiàn)到”。e.g.I'm glad to meet you.很高興見(jiàn)到你。He had never met a foreigner who spoke such perfect chinese.他從來(lái)沒(méi)有遇見(jiàn)一個(gè)能說(shuō)這樣好的漢語(yǔ)的外國(guó)人。而meet with則強(qiáng)調(diào)“偶然遇到”“碰到”(come across;meet sb.by chance)e.g.I have met with this word many times in my reading.我在閱讀中多次碰到這個(gè)詞。I had not seen him for years but met wit

21、h him in the street yesterday.我?guī)啄隂](méi)見(jiàn)他了，但昨天在街上碰到了他。2.表示主動(dòng)地去“接”或“迎接”要用meet。e.g.I'll meet my uncle at the station.我將到車(chē)站接我叔叔。I'm to meet the seven o' clock train.我去接7點(diǎn)鐘的火車(chē)。而表示“遭到”“遭遇”(后接抽象名詞)，“受到”(=to receive)要用meet with。e.g.He met with an accident when riding a bike.他在騎車(chē)時(shí)遇到了意外事故。We met with

22、a warm reception.我們受到了熱情的接待。3.表示一般性的“會(huì)見(jiàn)”“約見(jiàn)”“見(jiàn)面”，常用meet。e.g.I didn't care to meet these people.我不愿見(jiàn)這些人。I must be off.I'm meeting a comrade from Beijing at six.我得走了，我6點(diǎn)要會(huì)見(jiàn)一位北京來(lái)的同志。但表示較正式的“會(huì)見(jiàn)”“會(huì)晤”，常用meet with。e.g.He met with the Prime Minister of Japan for an hour.他會(huì)見(jiàn)了日本首相一個(gè)小時(shí)。4.meet 還有“應(yīng)付”“滿(mǎn)足

23、”“適應(yīng)”等意義，還可構(gòu)成習(xí)語(yǔ)make both ends meet (使收支平衡，維持生活)。e.g.They didn't know how to meet the situation.他們不知道如何應(yīng)付這一局面。We must try our best to meet the demand of the market.我們必須盡力滿(mǎn)足市場(chǎng)的需求。They could hardly make both ends meet in the past.過(guò)去他們簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法維持生活。(二)tear(at)/tear down/tear up1.tear為“撕，扯”意思，但tear可用于及物或不

24、及物動(dòng)詞(常與at連用，只表“撕，扯”動(dòng)作本身，并未言及結(jié)果)。試比較：Why did you tear the cloth when I had advised you to cut it with scissors?為什么我勸你用剪子剪，你卻把布扯了。He is tearing at something.他在扯什么東西。(并未言及結(jié)果)2.tear down短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，“拆毀，撕下”。e.g.They are tearing down the old houses to make way for a new road.他們正在拆除那些舊房子，以便修一條新路。He tore down the

25、notice.他撕掉了那個(gè)布告。3.tear up短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“撕碎，撤銷(xiāo)”。e.g.She tore up the letter as soon as she had read it.她看完信后就把它撕碎了。He told the lawyer to tear up the old contract and prepare a new one.他告訴律師撤銷(xiāo)舊合同，制訂一份新的。另外，tear up 還有“(連根)拔起”之意。e.g.An elephant can tear up a tree by the roots.大象能把一棵樹(shù)連根拔起來(lái)。(三)China/Chinese/China

26、9;s/of China代表國(guó)家的專(zhuān)有詞“China,China's,Chinese及of China”都可修飾名詞，但用法又有所不同。首先我們對(duì)這四個(gè)詞做一個(gè)分析，China既可作名詞又可作形容詞，作名詞時(shí)意為“中國(guó)”，作形容詞時(shí)意為“中國(guó)的，中國(guó)產(chǎn)的”；Chinese同樣既可用作名詞，又可用作形容詞，作名詞時(shí)意為“中國(guó)人，漢語(yǔ)，中文”，作形容詞時(shí)意為“中國(guó)的，中國(guó)人的，漢語(yǔ)的，中文的”；China's是China作名詞時(shí)的所有格形式；of China是China作名詞時(shí)與of構(gòu)成的“of-結(jié)構(gòu)”，作名詞的后置修飾語(yǔ)，它們都可以修飾名詞，其主要區(qū)別如下：1.China與Chi

27、nese(1)兩者均可修飾名詞，并常構(gòu)成名詞固定短語(yǔ)，表示特殊意義。China表示“中國(guó)產(chǎn)的，來(lái)自中國(guó)的，中國(guó)土生土長(zhǎng)的”或“在中國(guó)流行式樣的”，一般指來(lái)源。e.g.China silk中國(guó)絲綢China tea中國(guó)茶China rose月季花另外，也有些詞已形成單獨(dú)一個(gè)詞。e.g.China town中國(guó)城，唐人街但用Chinese時(shí)，一般指“與中國(guó)(人)有關(guān)的或具有中國(guó)(人)特點(diǎn)的”，側(cè)重于“具有中國(guó)特色的”，更多地是指文化方面，多用于人文。e.g.Chinese calendar農(nóng)歷，陰歷Chinese classics中國(guó)古典文學(xué)(2)當(dāng)China與Chinese與后面的名詞構(gòu)成固定短

28、語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)兩者可互用。e.g.China ink=Chinese ink墨China wood oil=Chinese wood oil 桐油但有時(shí)用China 或Chinese意義不同。e.g.China policy 指其他國(guó)家的對(duì)華政策American China policy 美國(guó)對(duì)華政策Chinese policy 中國(guó)人自己所實(shí)行的政策(3)China及Chinese均可構(gòu)成專(zhuān)有名詞e.g.China Daily 中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)China Centre Television 中央電視臺(tái)Chinese Academy of Science 中國(guó)科學(xué)院the Chinese Olympic

29、Committee 中國(guó)奧委會(huì)(4)Chinese除能構(gòu)成固定名詞短語(yǔ)及專(zhuān)有名詞之外，還具有普通形容詞的兩種意思：a.“中國(guó)的、中國(guó)人的、中文的”e.g.Chinese characters 漢字Chinese food 中國(guó)食物b.“中國(guó)風(fēng)味的”eg.Chinese dishes 中國(guó)菜a Chinese room 中國(guó)式建筑或房間布置2.China's與Chinese的用法比較(1)兩者都有“中國(guó)的”之意，但用China's時(shí)，一般把國(guó)家作為眾人構(gòu)成的集合體看待，并常用擬人用法。e.g.China's reform 中國(guó)改革China's foreign t

30、rade 中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易而Chinese一般只是表達(dá)“中國(guó)的，中文的”等形容詞意義。e.g.a Chinese girl 一個(gè)中國(guó)女孩(2)有時(shí)在同一名詞前用China's或Chinese時(shí)意義不同。e.g.China's chi-pao 中國(guó)生產(chǎn)的旗袍Chinese chi-pao 中國(guó)式樣的旗袍(不一定中國(guó)生產(chǎn))3.China's及of China(1)China's一般用于人文或與人文有關(guān)的場(chǎng)合，而of China一般用于構(gòu)成所有格，表示所有關(guān)系。我們一般用the map of China而不用China's map。(2)of China還常構(gòu)成一

31、些專(zhuān)有名詞e.g.the Communist Party of China 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國(guó)the People's Bank of China 中國(guó)人民銀行注意當(dāng)涉及到固定短語(yǔ)及專(zhuān)有名詞，在判斷用哪一種形式時(shí)，應(yīng)以字典為據(jù)。四、能力訓(xùn)練(一)單句改錯(cuò)1.He shook hand eagerly with me.答案：可改為：He shook hands eagerly with me.或：He shook me eagerly by the hand.或:He shook my hand eagerly.

32、“和握手”，有三種表示法，shake hands with sb.,shake sb.by the hand,shake sb's hand.2.Don't forget locking the door.答案：應(yīng)改為：Don't forget to lock the door.因?yàn)椤癴orget to do sth.”意思是“忘記去做某事”，而“forget doing sth.”意思是“忘記做過(guò)某事”。3.I mean going to the exhibition.答案：應(yīng)改為：I mean to go to the exhibition.因?yàn)椤癿ean to d

33、o sth.”意思是“打算做某事”或“有意要做某事”，而“mean doing sth.”意思是“意味著”4.“Shall I help you?”“No,you shan't.”答案：應(yīng)改為“Shall I help you?”“No,thanks/thank you.”因?yàn)椤熬芙^別人的幫助時(shí)”要用“No,thanks.I can manage it myself.”或“Thank you.I can manage”來(lái)表示。而且回答由“Shall I (we)?Would/Will you?Could you?”表示征求意見(jiàn)的問(wèn)語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用shall,would(will),could作答。5.Soon it began raining hard.答案：應(yīng)改為：Soon it began to rain hard.因?yàn)椤癰egin/start to do sth.”和“begin/start doing sth.”一般情況下區(qū)別不大，可以互換，但在下列三