高考復(fù)習非謂語動詞(課堂PPT)

1、1非謂語動詞21.謂語動詞：謂語動詞：概述：概述：2. 非謂語動詞：非謂語動詞：在句子中擔任謂語的動詞在句子中擔任謂語的動詞 是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分作除謂語外的所有成分3He told me (that) the teacher would be back soon. (賓語從句）I appreciate the students who finish the homework on time everyday. （定語從句）4非謂語動詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 V-ing過去分詞過去分詞Vp.p動詞不定式動詞不定式to do表主動、動作正在進行表

2、被動、動作已經(jīng)完成表目的、動作發(fā)生在將來5非謂語動詞在高考中主要體現(xiàn)在語法填空和短文改錯的中，答題時按照以下步驟：一看二找三分析1. 看主句中是否有謂語，分兩步思考2. 找出該動詞的邏輯主語，如無，則默認主句主語3. 分析邏輯主語與動詞關(guān)系無謂語，考慮時態(tài)、人稱數(shù)、語態(tài)有謂語，排除并列句 或復(fù)合句省略主語情況，考慮非謂語溫馨提示：非謂語的考察中大部分考察固定句型和固定搭配61. I cant stand _ (work)with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works. 2. He go

3、t well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _(lose) the good opportunity.3. I like _ very much, but I dont like _ this afternoon.(swim）workingto stoplosingswimmingto swim71. _ (learn) a language requires time and effort.2. It is not always easy _(refuse) invitations.3. How _(solve) th

4、e problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.4. It _(take) forty-five minutes _ (get) there by bus.5. I need this chapter _(write) before tomorrow. 6.When she returned home, she found the window open and something _(steal).Learningto refuseto solvetakesto getwrittenstolen89 非謂語動詞考點：非謂語動詞考點：1.不定式

5、或V-ing 做主語時，一般用it當形式主語，并構(gòu)成固定句型。It is not very good for you to smoke so much. Its nice seeing you again. It is/was +adj + for/of sb + to do sth2.2.下列句型中常用動名詞作主語下列句型中常用動名詞作主語: : no use / good not any use / good It is /was of little use /good + doing sth useless worth10 3.不定式和V-ing 作賓語時?？脊潭ù钆湟部夹问劫e語 1）下

6、列動詞后常跟不定式做賓語：）下列動詞后常跟不定式做賓語： want, wish, hope, expect, ask, afford, agree, choose, pretend, decide, happen, learn, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, manage, promise, intend等。等。e.g. He agreed to get someone to help us. They promised not to break the school rules again. decide to do sth. 決定做某

7、事決定做某事 want would like to do sth. 想做某事想做某事 plan to do sth. 計劃做某計劃做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事同意做某事 11afford to do 能做某事能做某事be used to do 被用來做被用來做cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事迫不及待地要做某事make up ones mind to do 下決心做某事下決心做某事used to do 過去常常做某事過去常常做某事fail to do 未能做某事未能做某事122）it 作形式賓語而非謂語

8、動詞為真正賓語think/find/feel/consider/make/regard+it+形容詞/名詞+不定式短語Theyfeltitdifficulttofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.TomdidntfinditdifficulttowritelettersinChinese.Allthesenoisesmadeitimpossibleformetogoonwiththework.也可以使用V-ing作真正賓語Theprofessorconsidersitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.Idontthinkitworthw

9、hilegoingtosuchaplace.Hefoundituseless(nouse)arguingwithhim.133）在下列動詞或動詞短語后常用動名詞做賓語：）在下列動詞或動詞短語后常用動名詞做賓語： admit, advise, allow, avoid, bear, cannot help, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, give up, imagine. include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, permit, practice, resist, risk, suggest, stand, ins

10、ist on, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from), keepfrom, stop(from), protectfrom, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, admit to, be/ get/ become used to, be equal to, devoteto, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to, see to, lead

11、 to, pay attention to等。等。 14例：例：He enjoys going to the playground. I have finished cleaning the house.enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 spend.doing sth. 花費做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 練

12、習做某事15miss doing sth. 錯過做某事錯過做某事 suggest doing sth. 建議做某事建議做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（繼續(xù)）做某事保持（繼續(xù)）做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考慮做某事考慮做某事163）介詞+ V-ing?？冀樵~: at, in, on ，of, off, for, from，up, about, without ， to 等等 be good at doing sth 擅長做某事擅長做某事

13、be interested in doing sth. 對做某事感興趣對做某事感興趣 insist on doing 堅持做某事堅持做某事 be used for doing sth. 被用來做某事被用來做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 謝謝某人做某事謝謝某人做某事 be tired of doing sth. 厭煩做某事厭煩做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事害怕做某事 17put off doing 推遲做某事推遲做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事give up doing sth. 放

14、棄做某事放棄做某事without doing sth. 沒有做某事沒有做某事think about doing sth. 考慮做某事考慮做某事What How about doing 做某事怎么樣做某事怎么樣18 此此to 非非 彼彼to look forward to doing sth. （盼望）（盼望） pay attention to doing sth. （注意）（注意） be used to doing sth. （習慣于）（習慣于） prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜歡）（更喜歡） devote to doing sth （致力于）（致力于） ma

15、ke a contribution to doing （做貢獻）（做貢獻）19溫馨提示：一般而言，介詞后用V-ing ，但在介詞but / except /besides (除.之外）后常用to do 不定式作賓語。即He has no choice but to accept the suggestion.但如果與but 構(gòu)成“只好?！钡亩陶Z時，其后接不帶to 的不定式，有can not help but do sth ;can not choose but do sth 20特殊詞精講特殊詞精講21eg: 他們停下來吸煙。他們停下來吸煙。 They stop to smoke. 我必須戒煙

16、了我必須戒煙了 I must stop smoking.辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動作沒有做關(guān)燈的動作The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。（已做過關(guān)燈的動作）他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。（已做過關(guān)燈的動作） He forgot turning the light off. 224. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語具有形容詞特征,也可以 作為形容詞。但要注意二者的區(qū)別 e.g. The party was very exciting. They

17、were very excited at the news凡表示凡表示“令人令人的的”都是都是-ing形式，凡形式，凡是表示是表示“感到感到 ”都用都用-ed形式。換句話說，若形式。換句話說，若人人對對感興趣，就是感興趣，就是somebody is interested in.，若人若人/ /物本身有趣時，就是物本身有趣時，就是sb./sth. is interesting。23delighting令人高興的 delighted感到高興的disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到 失望的encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 感到鼓 舞的pleas

18、ing 令人愉快的 pleased 感到愉快的puzzling 令人費解的 puzzled 感到費解的satisfying 令人滿意的 satisfied 感到滿意的surprising 令人驚異的 surprised 感到驚異的worrying 令人擔心的 worried 感到擔心的245. 非謂語動詞作定語1） 不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞后，表示未發(fā)生的動作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的某一動作。 e.g. The train to arrive is from London He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 2） 動名詞做定語往往

19、說明所修飾詞的某種用途，一般放在被修飾詞的前面。 e.g. a washing machine （= a machine which is used for washing） 洗衣機 a reading room（= a room which is used for reading） 閱覽室常見有 a running machine a waiting room a swimming pool a walking stick 256.6.非謂語動詞還有不同的形式非謂語動詞還有不同的形式動詞不動詞不定式定式過去過去分詞分詞to be doneto have been done being don

20、e having been done及物動詞的過去分詞既表示及物動詞的過去分詞既表示被動又表示動作已完成被動又表示動作已完成, , 個個別動詞的過去分詞只表示完別動詞的過去分詞只表示完成成( (多數(shù)為不及物動詞多數(shù)為不及物動詞) )主動形式主動形式被動形式被動形式to doto have donedoinghaving done不定式除一般式、完成式以外還有不定式除一般式、完成式以外還有_進行式進行式 to be doingdone- ing - ing 分詞分詞26 弄清非謂語動詞表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動弄清非謂語動詞表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作之間的先后關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵所在作之間的先

21、后關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵所在在謂語表示的動作之后在謂語表示的動作之后與謂語表示的動作同時與謂語表示的動作同時發(fā)生發(fā)生在謂語表示的動作之前在謂語表示的動作之前to do/to be done to do/to be done /to be doing ; doing/being done ; done; to have done/to have been done ; having done/having been done27練習：練習：1.The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.2.The q

22、uestion _ (discuss) at the meeting now is of quite importance.3. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.4. (finish) his speech, he answered our questions. discussedbeing discussedto be discussedHaving finished287. 非謂語動詞作狀語考點（時間、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨、方式、目的、條件及評論性狀語）1）不定式表結(jié)果，常用在too

23、 to, enough to結(jié)構(gòu)中。 有時不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的結(jié)果。 e.g. The child is old enough to dress himself. We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. I went to see him only to find him out. 2）分析以下狀語類型1.Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.2. Living far from the school, I have to get up e

24、arly in the morning. Asked about his address, the boy didnt respond. 293.The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage. 4. Following Tom, we started to climb. 5. She came riding a brand-new bike. 6. Jane kept silent, trying not to show her feelings. 7. The pop star hurried up to the car, follo

25、wed by her fans.3）評論性狀語，有些慣用的分詞短語在句中可以獨立存在，用來修飾全句，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點等。 常見的有： generally speaking一般說來 strictly speaking 嚴格說來 roughly speaking 大致說來 judging from/ by 由判斷 frankly speaking 坦白地說to tell you the truth 說實話 to be honest 老實說 e.g. Judging from her accent, she must come from Australia. 301 .When _(heat)

26、 water will be changed into vapour. While _ (heat) water, we can change it into vapour. 2 . _(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city beautiful. 3 .Generally speaking, when _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. If _(take

27、) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon. heatedheatingSeenSeeingtakentaking318. 非謂語動詞作賓語補足語常考固定搭配1）以下動詞后常跟帶符號to的不定式做賓語補足語： ask, tell, want, wish, order, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require等。ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事want sb. to

28、do sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事 32promise sb. to do 答應(yīng)某人做某事答應(yīng)某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告誡某人做某事告誡某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事允許某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to)

29、do sth. 幫助某人做某事幫助某人做某事had better （not）do sth. 最好最好(不不)做做why not /why dont you do sth 為什么不做為什么不做? help sb.（to）do sth Would rather寧愿做寧愿做 would you please332）區(qū)分意義 see sb. doing/ do sth.hear sb. doing/ do sth.watch sb. doing/ do sth.notice sb. doing/ do sth.總結(jié)：感官動詞總結(jié)：感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice, he

30、ar, listen to, feel+ do表示動作的完整性，表示動作的完整性，+doing 表示動作的進行性。表示動作的進行性。注意：注意：+ do 時若被動語態(tài)中則不能省去時若被動語態(tài)中則不能省去to。The worker was seen to repair the machine.341. My parents have always made me _(feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve. (江蘇)2. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ (grow) up from

31、childhood. (全國)3. The mother felt herself _ (grow) cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (上海)4. Paul doesnt have to be made _ (learn). He always works hard. (全國)feelgrowgrowto learn35The end363738394041424344454647484950515253545533. Come on, please give me some id

32、eas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. (福建福建)34. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ (finish), he gladly accepted it. (安徽安徽)35. With a lot of difficult problems _ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海上海

33、)36. The director had her assistant _(pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting. (全國全國)filling finished to settle pick 5637. Did Peter fix the computer himself? He had it _(fix), because he doesnt know much about computers. (安安徽徽)38. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her writte

34、n English _ (improve) in a short period. (福建福建)39. Helen had to shout to make herself _ (hear) above the sound of the music. (廣西廣西)40. Peter received a letter just now _(say) his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川四川)fixed improved heard saying 5741. As the light turned green, I stood for a mome

35、nt, not _ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南湖南)42. _(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (安徽安徽)43. _ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (福建福建)44. _ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (福建福建)moving Walking Having waited Blamed 5845. He