10篇英文文獻摘要學習

1、ABSTRACT01: Parent-mediated social communication therapy for young children with autism (PACT)： long-term follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.Oh針對自閉癥幼兒的父母介導的豆區(qū)溝通療頭(PACT人隨機對照忒驗的長期隨訪 雜志(THE LANCET) 發(fā)表年份2016) 期刊為響因孑753.254)Background: It is not known whether early intervention can improve long-t

2、erm autism symptom outcomes. We aimed to follow-up the Preschool Autism Communication Trial (PACT), to investigate whether the PACT intervention had a long-term effect on autism symptoms and continued effects on parent and child social interaction.Methods: PACT was a randomised controlled trial of a

3、 parent-mediated social communication intervention for children aged 2-4 years with core autism. Follow-up ascertainment was done at three specialised clinical services centres in the UK (London, Manchester, and Newcastle) at a median of 5.75 years (IQR 5.42-5.92) from the original trial endpoint. T

4、he main blinded outcomes were the comparative severity score (CSS) from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) 閉癥診新機麻黃表, the Dyadic Communication Assessment Measure (DCMA) of the proportion of child initiatiations when interacting with the parent, and an expressive-receptive language comp

5、osite. All analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle.Findings: 121 (80%) of the 152 trial participants (59 77% of 77 assigned to PACT intervention vs 62 83% of 75 assigned to treatment as usual) were traced and consented to be assessed between July, 2013, and September, 2014. Mean age at fo

6、llow-up was 10.5 years (SD 0.8). Group difference in favour of 資同 the PACT intervention based on ADOS CSS of log-odds effect size (ES) was 0.64 (95% Cl 0 07 to 1-20) at treatment endpoint and ES 0.70 (95% Cl -0.05 to 1.47) at follow-up, giving an overall reduction in symptom severity over the course

7、 of the whole trial and follow-up period (ES 0.55, 95% Cl 0.14 to 0.91, p=0.004). Group difference in DCMA child initiations at follow-up showed a Cohen's d ES of 0.29 (95% Cl -0.02 to 0.57) and was significant over the course of the study (ES 0.33, 95% Cl 0.11 to 0.57, p=0.004). There were no g

8、roup differences in the language composite at follow-up (ES 0.15, 95% Cl -0.23 to 0.53).Interpretation: The results are the first to show long-term symptom reduction after a randomised controlled trial of early intervention in autism spectrum disorder. They support the clinical value of the PACT int

9、ervention and have implications for developmental theory.02： Burden, risk factors, and comorbidities of behavioural and emotional problems in Kenyan children: a population-based study02、肯尼亞兒童的行為才。情緒問題的負加.庖險因素以及合并癥：一項基于人群的研究 雜志CLANCET PSYCHIATRY) 發(fā)表年份(2017) 期刊影響因孑(15.233) 背景：Three-quarters of the bur

10、den of mental health problems 新神衛(wèi)生問題 occurs in low-and-middle-income countries, but few epidemiological studies of these problems in preschool children from sub-Saharan Africa 欷*拉以南 have been published. Behavioural and emotional problems often start in early childhood, and this might be particularly

11、 important in Africa, where the incidence of perinatal 國產(chǎn)期 and early risk factors is high. X/e therefore aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of behavioural and emotional problems in young children in a rural area on the Kenyan coast.方興：We did a population-based epidemiological study to

12、 assess the burden of behavioural and emotional problems in preschool children and comorbidities in the Ki I if i Health and Demographic Surveillance System 及利菲健康和人 o K 刷 K 院(KHDSS, a database formed of the population under routine surveillance linked to admissions to Ki I if i County Hospital). We

13、used the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL)兒童行為調(diào)杳表 to assess behavioural and emotional problems. We then determined risk factors and medical comorbidities associated with behavioural and emotional problems. The strength of associations between the risk factors and the behavioural and emotional problem

14、s was estimated using generalised linear models, with appropriate distribution and link functions.結果：3539 families were randomly selected from the KHDSS. Of these, 3273 children were assessed with CBCL. The prevalence of total behavioural and emotional problems was 13% (95% Cl 12-14), for externalis

15、ing problems 外化問題 was 10% (9-11), and for internalising problems was 22% (21-24). The most common CBCL syndrome was somatic problems 軀體問題(21%, 2023), whereas the most common DSM-IV-oriented scale基于精神疾病含新準則手冊(第=版)was anxiety problems (13%, 12-14). Factors associated with total problems included consu

16、mption of cassava (risk ratio 568, 95% Cl 3-22-10 03), perinatal complications (4-34. 3-21-5-81). seizure disorders (2 90, 2-24-3-77), and house status (011, 0-08-0-14). Seizure disorders 痛癇, burn marks 嫵傷，and respiratory problems 呼吸道疾病 were important comorbidities of behavioural and emotional probl

17、ems.理解:Behavioural and emotional problems are common in preschool children in this Kenyan rural area and are associated with preventable risk factors. Behavioural and emotional problems and associated comorbidities should be identified and addressed in young children.03 ： Effect of iodine supplement

18、ation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial03、孕婦補碘對兒童神經(jīng)發(fā)育的影響：一項隨機.雙育、安慰劑對照試驗雜志(Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology) 發(fā)表年份(2017) 期刊影響因孑(19.313J Background： Iodine deficiency during pregnancy might be associated w什h reduced intelligence quotie

19、nt (IQ) score in offspring. X/e assessed the effect of iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women 輕 度碘缺 乏孕婦 on neurodevelopment of their offspring in areas where schoolchildren were iodine sufficient.Methods： In this randomised, placebo-controlled trial, pregnant women in Banga

20、lore 班加 羅 余，India, and Bangkok 曼谷，Thailand, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 200 pg iodine orally once a day or placebo until delivery. Randomisation was done w什h a computer-generated sequence and stratified by site. Co-primary outcomes 主要 結果 were verbal and performance IQ scores on the Wechs

21、ler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence 韋氏學弟和小學兒童智力量表 Third Edition (WPPSI-lll) and the global executive compos什e score from the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) in the children at age 5-6 years. The trial was double-blinded; some unmasking 揭育 took

22、 place at age 2 years for an interim analysis 中間分析，but participants and nearly all investigators remained masked to group assignment until age 5-6 years. Analysis was by intention to treat using mixed-effects models.Findings： Between Nov 18, 2008, and March 12, 2011, 832 women entered the trial at a

23、 mean gestational age of 10.7 weeks (SD 2.7)； median urinary iodine concentration was 131 pg/L (IQR 81-213). Mean compliance with supplementation was 87%, assessed by monthly tablet counts. 313 children (iodine group, n = 159; placebo group, n = 154) were analysed for verbal and performance IQ with

24、WPPSI-III and 315 (iodine group, n = 159; placebo group. n=156) for overall executive function with BRIEF-P. Mean WPPSI-III scores for verbal IQ were 89.5 (SD 9-8) in the iodine group and 90.2 (9-8) in the placebo group (difference -07, 95% Cl -29 to 15; p=077), and for performance IQ were 97.5 (12-

25、5) in the iodine group and 99.1 (13-4) in the placebo group (difference -16, 一4-5 to 1-3; p=0-44). The mean BRIEF-P global executive composite score was 90.6 (26-2) in the iodine group and 91.5 (27 0) in the placebo group (difference -09, -6-8 to 5 0; p=0-74). The frequency of adverse events did not

26、 differ between groups during gestation or at delivery: 24 women in the iodine group and 28 in the placebo group reported adverse events (iodine group: abortion. n = 20; blighted ovum, and n=2: intrauterine death, n=2; placebo group: abortion, n=22: blighted ovum, n=1: intrauterine death, n=2: early

27、 neonatal death, n = 1; and neonatal death, n=2).Interpretation ： Daily iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women had no effect on child neurodevelopment at age 5-6 years.04： Incidence of and Factors Associated With Myopia and High Myopia in Chinese Children, Based on Refracti

28、on Without Cycloplegia.04.基于無限狀肌麻痹屈光度的中國兒童近視和高度近視的發(fā)生率及相關因素 雜志OAMA Ophthalmol；發(fā)表年份(2018) 期刊影響因子6.669；IMPORTANCE: Myopia has reached epidemic levels among children in regions of East and Southeast Asia. High myopia 高度近視 is associated with myopic macular degeneration近視性美斑變性，glaucoma力 光眼，and retinal det

29、achment機網(wǎng) 朕脫壕. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of myopia and high myopia based on refraction without cycloplegia among children in primary and junior high schools in China.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This observational cohort study was completed in Guangzhou, China. It consisted of a co

30、hort from 19 primary schools, who were followed up from 2010 to 2015, and a cohort from 22 junior high schools, who were followed up from 2010 to 2012. All schools were randomly chosen at rates proportional to the number of schools in each of the city's 11 districts 所有學校都是樓照 與學校數(shù)量成比例的他機選.掙的.Stud

31、ents with or without myopia in grade 1 (primary school) or grade 7 (junior high school) were eligible for inclusion. Data analysis occurred from February 2017 to October 2017.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction (SER)等效球錢度數(shù) of -0.50 diopters (D) or less

32、, as measured by subjective refraction 主 覺驗光 without cycloplegia 肥狀肌麻痹；high myopia was defined as a SER of -6.0 D or less. Annual incidences were defined as the proportion of participants each year found to have myopia or high myopia who did not previously have the condition. Height, weight, axial l

33、ength (AL)軸長，corneal radius of curvature (CRC)角朕曲率半往, and AL/CRC ratio were examined to assess if these measures were associated with future myopia or high myopia.RESULTS: A total of 4741 students with or without myopia in either grade 1 for the primary school cohort (mean SD age 7.2 0.4 years; 932

34、of 1975 47.2% female) or grade 7 for the junior high school cohort (mean SD age 13.2 0.5 years; 1254 of 2670 47.0% female) were included. Baseline mean (SD) SER was 0.31 (0.86) D among 1975 students in grade 1 vs -1.60 (2.00) D among 2670 students in grade 7. Baseline prevalence of myopia was 12.0%

35、in grade 1 students (n = 237 of 1969) and 67.4% in grade 7 students (n = 1795 of 2663). The incidence of myopia was 20% to 30% each year throughout both cohorts. The incidence of high myopia was initially less than 1% in the primary school cohort (grade 1: n = 2 of 1825; 0.1% 95% CL 00%-0.3%), but i

36、ncidence exceeded 2% in the junior high school cohort (in grade 9: n = 48 of 2044; 2.3%95%CI.1.O%-3.7%).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The incidence of myopia among Chinese students based on refraction without cycloplegia is among the highest of any cultural or ethnic group. If confirmed with cycloplegi

37、c refraction, interventions to prevent myopia onset in Chinese populations should be initiated in primary schools.基于無度狀肌麻痹屈光 度的中國學生近視發(fā)生率是所有文化或民族中般高的。 如果確認爬狀肌麻痹屈光，應 在小學開始干預中國人群中預防近根發(fā)作。05： Infant wake after sleep onset serves as a marker for different trajectories in cognitive development.05、人球開始后嬰兒的酸

38、來作為認知發(fā)展中不同軌跡的林志雜志(J Child Psychol Psychiatry) 發(fā)表年份(2018) 期刊彩力因孑(6.486) BACKGROUND: Sleep variables have been linked to improved functioning of learning and memory throughout life鹿股變量與改善學習才。記憶功能有 關，with most studies focusing on older children and adults. Since infancy is a time of outstanding plastic

39、ity 可 熨性.sleep variables could be particularly important for cognitive development in that age group.METHODS: This is a longitudinal study collecting data from 40 infants at four different time points of 4. 6. 8 and 10 months. Sleep variables were assessed using actigraphy 體 動記錄儀 for a week, as well

40、 as a sleep questionnaire. Eye-tracking was employed to examine developmental cognitive trajectories. Infants had to remember the location of a toy that had previously been linked to a sound and an eye-tracker recorded whether they were searching the correct location upon hearing the sound.以艮動追琮 用于檢

41、去發(fā) 育認知軌跡，嬰兒必須記住先著與聲音相關的玩具的卷置，并且記錄他們是否在聽到聲 音時搜索正確的伉.重。RESULTS: Based on their trajectories between 4 and 10 months, infants were divided into two groups who shifted their response strategies at different time points. Those two groups also differed in other aspects of their looking patterns and scored

42、 increasingly differently in the Ages & Stages Questionnaire over time. Time spent awake in the night early in life was reduced in the group who changed their strategy earlier. 根 據(jù)他們在4到10個月之回的軌跡，嬰兒次分成兩組，他們名不同的對網(wǎng)點改變他們的 反應象峪。 運兩個群體在其外觀模式的其他方面也存在弟異，并n陂看對回的推移在 年齡和階段間卷中得分越來越不同。CONCLUSIONS: While prev

43、ious research examined the relation of infant sleep and cognitive functioning measured once, this paper provides first evidence that night wake time can serve as a marker for different cognitive trajectories.雖然之前的研究一度檢驗 了嬰兒球既和認知功能的關東，但本文提供了弟一個證據(jù)，即夜網(wǎng)況醵時河可以作為不 同認知軌跡的林記。06： Maternal Adverse Childhood E

44、xperiences and Infant Development.06,母親的不設童年經(jīng)辦和嬰兒發(fā)育雜志(Pediatric” 發(fā)表年份(2018) 期刊影響因孑(5.515)OBJECTIVES: To examine the prenatal and postnatal mechanisms by which maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) 童期不良經(jīng)歷 predict the early development of their offspring, specifically via biological (maternal

45、health risk in pregnancy, infant health risk at birth) and psychosocial risk (maternal stress during and after pregnancy, as well as hostile behavior in early infancy).METHODS: Participants were 1994 women (mean age = 31 years) and their infants, who were recruited in pregnancy as part of a prospect

46、ive longitudinal cohort from 2008 to 2010. Pregnant women completed self-report questionnaires in pregnancy and postpartum related to psychosocial risk and a questionnaire about hostile behavior when their infant was 4 months of age. Health risk in pregnancy and infant health risk at birth were obta

47、ined from health records. Mothers completed the Ages and Stages Questionnaire when infants were 12 months of age.RESULTS: Path analysis revealed that the association between maternal ACEs and infant development outcomes at 12 months operated through 2 indirect pathways: biological health risk (pregn

48、ancy health risk and infant health risk at birth) and psychosocial risk (maternal psychosocial risk in pregnancy and maternal hostile behavior in infancy).CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial risks in pregnancy, but not in early infancy, contribute to the transmission of vulnerability from maternal ACEs to chi

49、ld development outcomes in infancy via maternal behavior. Maternal health risk in pregnancy indirectly confers risk from maternal ACEs to child development outcomes at 12 months of age through infant health risk. Maternal health and psychosocial well-being in pregnancy may be key targets for interve

50、ntion.07： Maternal diet during pregnancy is related with the infant stool microbiome in a delivery mode-dependent manner.07、懷孕期間的母臬飲食與嬰兒莢便微生物組以遞送模式依賴性方式相關雜志(Microbiome) 發(fā)表年份(2018) 期刊影響因子(9.133)Background： The gut microbiome has an important role in infant health and immune development and may be aff

51、ected by early-life exposures. Maternal diet may influence the infant gut microbiome through vertical transfer 垂直遷移 of maternal microbes to infants during vaginal delivery 陰道分媛 and breastfeeding. X/e aimed to examine the association of maternal diet during pregnancy with the infant gut microbiome 6

52、weeks post-delivery in mother-infant dyads enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. Infant stool samples were collected from 145 infants, and maternal prenatal diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. We used targeted sequencing 軻向測 4 of the 16S rRNA V4-V5 hypervariable regio

53、n to characterize infant gut microbiota. To account for differences in baseline and trajectories of infant gut microbial profiles, we stratified analyses by delivery mode.Results： We identified three infant gut microbiome clusters, characterized by increased abundance of Bifidobacterium 雙歧桿菌，Strepto

54、coccus 鏈球菌 and Clostridium 梭菌, and Bacteroides 擬桿菌，respectively, overall and in the vaginally delivered infant stratum. In the analyses stratified to infants born vaginally and adjusted for other potential confounders, maternal fruit intake was associated with infant gut microbial community structur

55、e (PERMANOVA, p < 0.05). In multinomial logistic regression analyses, increased fruit intake was associated with an increased odds of belonging to the high Streptococcus/Clostridium group among infants born vaginally (OR (95% Cl) = 2.73 (1.36, 5.46). In infants delivered by Cesarean section, we i

56、dentified three clusters that differed slightly from vaginally delivered infants, which were characterized by a high abundance of Bifidobacterium, high Clostridium and low Streptococcus and Ruminococcus genera, and high abundance of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Maternal dairy intake was associated

57、 with an increased odds of infants belonging to the high Clostridium cluster in infants born by Cesarean section (OR (95% Cl) = 2.36 (1.05, 5.30). Linear models suggested additional associations between maternal diet and infant intestinal microbes in both delivery mode strata.Conclusions： Our data i

58、ndicate that maternal diet influences the infant gut microbiome and that these effects differ by delivery mode.08： Parental Obesity and Early Childhood Development.08,父母把屏與兒童早期發(fā)育雜志(Pediatrics) 發(fā)表年份(207) 期刊影響因子<5.515；BACKGROUND: Previous studies identified associations between maternal obesity and

59、 childhood neurodevelopment, but few examined paternal obesity despite potentially distinct genetic/epigenetic effects related to developmental programming.METHODS： Upstate KIDS (2008-2010) recruited mothers from New York State (excluding New York City) at 4 months postpartum. Parents completed the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) when their children were 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months of age corrected for gestation. The ASQ is validated to screen for delays in 5 developmental domains