動詞被動語態(tài)

1、被動語態(tài) (the p assive voice)主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)： 語是動作的承受者。例如：He wrote a novel.（主語he是動作 wrote的執(zhí)行者，是主動語態(tài)。）The classroom was cleaned by him yesterday.（主語 the classroom 是動作的承受者，是被動語態(tài)。）一.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成（助動詞be必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)量保持一致,并有時態(tài)的變化）。Eg: The man was fooled by the two boys.It has

2、 bee n decided that the sp orts meeti ng would be put off.二.被動語態(tài)的用法1. 不知道動作的執(zhí)行者時用被動語態(tài)。例如：Eg: Street lights are ofte n turned on at six in win ter.The new test book will be used next term.2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時用被動語態(tài)。Eg: This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.The thief was caught by a p olicema n yesterda

3、y.3. 動作的發(fā)出者不是人用被動語態(tài)Eg: Many houses were destroyed in the earthquake.4. 含有雙賓語的句子，主動句中的間接賓語或者直接賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的一個主語，另 個保留不變。變?yōu)橹髡Z的若是主動句中的直接賓語在變?yōu)殚g接賓語前則需加介詞to或for。Eg: The pianist gave the pup ils some advice.間接賓語直接賓語T The pup ils were give n some advice by the piani st.T Some advice was given to the pupils b

4、y the pianist.5. 在主動語態(tài)句中動詞make、have、let、see watch、hear、feel等后接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,動詞不定式不加to。但變成被動語態(tài) 時后面的不定式都須 加上to。例如:Eg: The boss made them work ten hours a day. t They were made to work ten hours a day.A boy saw him en ter the house. t He was see n to en ter the house.6. 不及物動詞+介詞的被動語態(tài)不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，但是"不

5、及物動詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞的句子，如look after,listen to,look at,等具有及物動詞的功能，可以改為被動語態(tài)，但是改為Eg: They laughed at him at the meeting. -He was laughed at by them at the meeting. We should sp eak to old men po litely. - Old men should be sp oke n to po litely.7. 主動形式表被動意義 open, I ock, write, read, sell, clea n, wash, cut,

6、 burn, drive, p eel, happen 等詞作不及物動詞時，它們的 主語為物，可用主動形式表示被動意義Eg: This orange p eels easily.This ki nd of skirt sells well here.This kind of cloth wases well.The car drives well. look, sou nd, taste, smell, feel等系動詞用主動形式表被動意義Eg: Uni forms look ugly on us.Moon cakes taste delicious. 在want, need, require

7、等動詞表示"需要”，后常可跟v.-ing形式表示被動，相當(dāng)于to be doneEg: My bike n eeds rep airi ng. = My bike n eeds to be rep aired.Your hair wants cutt ing. 當(dāng)break out, take place, shut off, turn off, work out 等動詞表示"發(fā)生，關(guān)閉，制定”等意思表主動 Eg: The plan worked out successfully.to。An earthquake took place in Y ushu on April

8、14 th.時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動 語態(tài)例句主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is/are doneWe clea n the classroom.The classroom is clea ned by us.一般過去時didwas/were+do neHe made the kite.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+ doingam/is/are+bei ng doneShe is wateri ng flowers.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has +do nehave/has+bee n doneJim has fini shed the work.一般將來時will/shall/ be

9、 going to+dowill/shall/begoingto+be doneThey will plant trees tomorrow.過去進(jìn)行時was/were+do ingwas/were+be ing doneShe was writi ng a letter this time yesterday.過去完成時had+donehad+bee n doneJim had finished the work.過去將來時would/should/ being going to + dowould/shoud/be going to+be doneHe said he would make

10、 a kite.He said a kite would be made by him.含有情態(tài) 動詞can/may/must+docan/may/must+be doneI can find him.四.復(fù)習(xí)時需要注意的要點（1）由主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)的步驟： 主動語態(tài)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)句中的主語； 主動語態(tài)句中的動詞改為相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)； 主動語態(tài)句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)句中by的賓語。（2）主動語態(tài)句中的謂語動詞帶有雙賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語時，轉(zhuǎn)換方法有兩種： 把間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語，保留直接賓語 把直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語，保留間接賓語。此時，一般需在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。（3）在短語se

11、e sb. do sth.中，動詞see后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。改為被動語態(tài)時要加上用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動詞一般是表示知覺的動詞如see, hear等，以及使役動詞 make, let等。三、被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)：各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)及帶有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。7Exercises for the passive voiceI. Change the following sentences into passive voice 1We often use a recorder in our English class.2They will show a new film next week.3When

12、 did they build the house?4I saw the boy enter the room.5Will they show a new film next week?6Have they posted the letter yet?7We often see him help his classmate.8You must turn off the light before you go to bed.9Who is repairing the bike?10 The student should learn all the texts by heart.11. Stude

13、nts must hand in their homework on time every day.12. Our headmaster always tell us an interesting story before the class.13. The teacher made Tom stand outside the classroom again.14. You can hear my mother singing Beijing Opera in the next room now.n .Multiple choice:1. The reading roomA. cleanedB

14、. is cleanedC. was cleaningD. was cleaned2. The workers were made ten hours a day.A. workB. to workC. workingD. worked3. Food in a cool place in summer.A. must keepB. mustn 't keepC. must be keptD. mustn 't be kept4. One or two man-made satellites in our country every year.A. have been sent

15、upB. will be sent upC. is sent upD. are sent up5. The pen well .A. writesB. is writtenC. was writtenD. writing6. Great changes _ in the town since 1988.A. have taken placeB. have been taken placeC. has taken placeD. has been taken place7. Our compositions must next Monday.A. be hand inB. be handed i

16、nC. handed inD. be handing in8. The child will back to his parents next month.yesterday afternoon.A. sentB. send9.his workyet?A. have been finishedB. hasbeen finishedC. be sentD. be sendingC. has fini shedD. have finished10. -Have you moved into the new house?-No, not yet. The rooms.A. are being pai

17、n tedB. are painting11. Howthe Great P yramidC. are pain tedA. is builtB. would be built12. Mr Li , youon the pho ne.A. are wan tedB. were wan tedD. are being painting many years ago withoutmoder n mach in es.C. have beebuiltD. was built13. Kate has a high fever. A doctor mustA. send forB. is sent f

18、orC. are being wan ted at once.C. be sentD. will be wan tedD. be sent fordirty thi ngs into it.B. be stopped from throw ingD. stop from throw ing14. The river smells terrible. People mustA. be stopped to throwC. sto p to throw15. -Do you like the flower?-Yes, itsweet.D. smellsA. is smelli ngB. smelt

19、C. is smelt川.Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words.1. Now there is a shortage of water in the westsouther n areas of Chi na, but a lot of water(waste) every year. It' s a serious problem.(can do) by robots,2. With the help of scie nee and tech no logy, now many kinds of workin cludi ng some dan gerous and difficult on es.3. As we can see, En glish(sp eak) as the moth