英語語法牛津英語初中語法大全(五)

1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請指正。美聯(lián)英語提供：牛津英語初中語法大全5關(guān)于英語那些你不知道的事都在這里三類。虛擬語氣可以廣泛地用在賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和狀語從句中，另外還可用在祝愿語中，表示過去或?qū)淼囊恍┣闆r。<觸類旁通>(1) God bless you.愿上帝保佑你。語法分析：表示主觀愿望，現(xiàn)在虛擬語氣。(2) The old man treated me as though I were (was) a stranger.這個老人待我如陌生人。語法分析：表示過去的虛擬語氣，與陳述語氣的過去式相同，不過動詞be要用were的形式。(3) If only

2、I had listened to his advice.我要是聽了他的勸告就好了。語法分析：過去完成形式的虛擬語氣。(4）If I were you, I'd plant some flowers round the house.如果我是你，我會在房子周圍種些花。語法分析：在 If I were you 這樣的句子中，were不能改為was，但在第三人稱單數(shù)后面則可以用was。(5) I wish I could help you.但愿我能幫助你。語法分析：在某些動詞后面的賓語從句里需要用虛擬語氣，除了wish外還有would rather sooner, suggest, dema

3、nd, ask, insist以及urge, advise等詞。(6) It's time we were leaving.我們該走了。語法分析：在It's high time后的定語從句中要用虛擬語氣。<鞏固練習(xí)>(1) Who _think to see you here!(2) I think she _know about it all the time.(3) Would it be true that she _see him before he died?(4) It's time we _order dinner.(5) The teache

4、r has loved the students as if they _be his own sons.(6) It's strange that he _be so late.(7) I move that we _accept the proposal.<參考答案>(1) would have thought  (2) knew  (3) had seen  (4) ordered  (5) were  (6) should be  (7) accept38.虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法<例句>If

5、you had taken her advice, you wouldn't be in such trouble now.如果你聽了她的勸告，你現(xiàn)在就不會有這種麻煩了。<語法分析>有些條件句主句謂語和從句謂語表示的動作在時間上并不一致，這類句子成為錯綜時間條件句。還有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和條件句差不多，這類句子成為含蓄條件句，在這種句子中，也可能需用虛擬語氣。某些情態(tài)動詞在口語里使用得很多，可以使語氣變得委婉。<觸類旁通>(1) If I had arrived a little earlier, I would have seen her.我要是早來一

6、會就見到她了。語法分析：虛擬條件句，表示純假想的情況。(2) If it hadn't been for the doctors' care, he wouldn't be speaking to you now.要不是有醫(yī)生們的照料，他此時不會和你說話的。語法分析：主句謂語和從句謂語表示的動作在時間上不一致，稱為錯綜時間條件句。(3) In the old days he would have argued.要是在過去他早就爭論上了。語法分析：有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和條件句差不多，在這種句子中有時也需用虛擬語氣。(4) Would you tell me how

7、 to get to the tube?可否告訴我如何去地鐵站？語法分析：某些情態(tài)動詞如should, would, could及might等在口語里使用得很多，可以使語氣變得委婉。(5) I might have come to a wrong conclusion.我也許得出了錯誤的結(jié)論。語法分析：這類帶有情態(tài)動詞的句子，其謂語不一定是虛擬語氣，但卻比較接近虛擬語氣。<鞏固練習(xí)>(1) If I had enough money, I _ buy a new table.(2) If you tried again, you _may succeed.(3) If she ha

8、d a permit, she _can get a job.(4) _be I you, I would refuse.(5) _be it not for their loan, our life would be very difficult.(6) If she were leaving, you _hear about it.(7) He _do anything to make amends.(8) Anybody else _believe you.<參考答案>(1) would  (2) might  (3) could  (4) We

9、re  (5) Were  (6) would have heard  (7) would have done  (8) would have believed39.虛擬語氣在某些從句中的用法<例句>I wish I knew what was going to happen.但愿我知道將要發(fā)生什么事情。<語法分析>在某些動詞后面的賓語從句中需要用虛擬語氣，在wish后的賓語從句中謂語主要有兩種形式，即用過去式表示現(xiàn)在情況和用相當(dāng)于過去完成時的形式表示過去的情況。此外在would rather (sooner), suggest,

10、 demand, insist和ask等詞后面的賓語從句總也包含有虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣還可在主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中和某些狀語從句中使用。謂語有時用虛擬語氣，特別是在由as if, as though等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句里，謂語形式和一般虛擬語氣差不多，表示現(xiàn)在的情況時用過去虛擬語氣，表示過去的情況時用完成形式。<觸類旁通>(1) I wish I could help you.但愿我能幫你。語法分析：wish后的賓語從句中用過去式表示現(xiàn)在的情況。(2) I wish I had listened to your advice.我要是聽你的勸告就好了。語法分析：用相當(dāng)于過去完成時

11、的形式表示過去的情況。(3) I would rather you told me the truth.我寧愿你給我講真話。語法分析：would rather sooner后面的賓語從句謂語多用過去式的形式，表示現(xiàn)在和將來的情況。(4) Headvices that I go at once.他建議我馬上去。語法分析：某些詞后面的從句多用虛擬語氣。(5) It is important that she work hard.她努力工作是很重要的。語法分析：虛擬語氣可用在主語從句中。(6) My suggestion is that we take the 7:00 train.我的建議是坐七點

12、的火車。語法分析：虛擬語氣可用在表語從句中。(7) They expressed the wish that they be given more free time.他們希望給他們更多的空閑時間。語法分析：虛擬語氣可用在同位語從句中。(8) You look as if you didn't care.你看上去好像不在乎的樣子。語法分析：虛擬語氣可用在狀語從句中。<鞏固練習(xí)>(1) My mother wishes that she _go to Japan.(2) Suppose his father _turn him out of doors.(3) He asks

13、 that he _give an oppprtunity to explain her case.(4) It is essential that this mission not _fail.(5) My idea was that they _lock up the house.(6) She behaves as if she _own the place.(7) It is not as though we _be poor.<參考答案>(1) had gone (2) turned (3) be given (4) fail (5) should lock up (6)

14、 owned (7) were40. must的用法<例句>She said that she must speak with her master.她說她必須和她的主人講。<語法分析>在間接引語里，must用于過去時態(tài)，當(dāng)must作“推測”或“偏偏”講時，都可以用于過去時態(tài)。在將來時里可以用must，但也可以用shall (will) have to。一般情況下，在過去時里可以用had to代替must。當(dāng)要 表達(dá)“絕對不可，不許”時，must的否定形式是must not，當(dāng)表示推測時，其否定形式為cannot。must與have to一般可以通用，但在表示客觀條件使

15、然使用have to，表示主觀認(rèn)為的責(zé)任或義務(wù)時用must。<觸類旁通>(1) You mustn't smoke in class.上課不準(zhǔn)吸煙。語法分析：must的否定形式表示“絕對不可，禁止，不許”等，have to的否定形式則表示不必。(2) You must answer my questions in English.你必須用英語回答我提出的問題。語法分析：表示命令時，用must。(3) You must try your best to do it.你必須盡最大努力去做。語法分析：用must表示主觀上的責(zé)任或義務(wù)。(4) You must pay the mo

16、ney, but you needn't do so at once.你必須付錢，但不必現(xiàn)在就付。語法分析：作“必須”講時，must的否定形式為needn't。(5) His father msut have left for Shanghai yesterday.他爸爸昨天必定去上海了。語法分析：作“推測”時，must可以用在過去時里。<鞏固練習(xí)>(1) You _ see what the authorities have to say.(2) She decided that the she _ try to be on the side of the win

17、ner's.(3) You _ smoke, must you?(4) I _ take care of my father every day.(5) I must save money, _ I?(6) they _ be twins.<參考答案>(1) must (2) must (3) mustn't (4) have to (5) mustn't (6) must41. can (could)的用法<例句>He cannot be telling the truth.他講的不可能是真話。<語法分析>作為情態(tài)動詞，can的后面

18、可以跟不定式的完成形式或進(jìn)行形式。can表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r，主要表示能力、可能性、有時及允許等。作為can的過去式，could可以表示過去的情況如能力和可能性等。could可以代替can，說明現(xiàn)在的情況，表示婉轉(zhuǎn)地提出請求、想法或建議等，也可用于否定句中表示驚異或不相信。could也用在虛擬條件句中，與不定式的完成形式連用，可用來談過去的情況。<觸類旁通>(1) I'm afraid I cannot go with you.恐怕我沒法與你一起去。語法分析：表示可能性或可能做的事。(2) This sort of thing cannot go on!這種事情不能再繼續(xù)下

19、去了。語法分析：表示允許做某事，和may的意思差不多，在口語中更多的時候要用can。(3) You could have told him beforehand.你本可以事先告訴他的。語法分析：與不定式的完成形式連用，可以用來表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的批評或建議。(4) She could have sent a message.她本可以捎個口信來的。語法分析：表示“本來可以”或“差點就”。(5) Could I ask you a question? Yes, of course you can.能問你個問題嗎？當(dāng)然能。語法分析：在回答允諾時，一般不用could而用can。<鞏固練習(xí)>(1) I

20、 wonder if you _ do me a favor.(2) I cannot recite the text now, but I _ do it tomorrow.(3) If I _ go, I should be glad.(4) _ you speak English?(5) What _ he be doing at this time?(6) There's someone outside;who _ it be?(7) She _ have taken it upstairs.<參考答案>(1) could (2) could (3) could (

21、4) Can (5) can (6) can (7) cannot42. may (might)的用法<例句>You may as well bring me a book too.你不妨也給我?guī)б槐緯鴣怼?lt;語法分析>情態(tài)動詞may可以用于某些成語中，其意義有所變化。用may來提出問題，表示“可不可以”，用于陳述句中表示“可以”或“不可以”及“可能”等。在某些狀語從句里，也可以用may，此外還可以用來表示祝愿等。might可以用作may的過去式，也可以代替may，用來談現(xiàn)在的情況，口氣比may更婉轉(zhuǎn)一些。在需要表示輕微的埋怨或批評以及在某些虛擬條件句中都需要用might

22、。<觸類旁通>(1) I may leave now, mayn't I?我現(xiàn)在可以走了，是嗎？語法分析：用may來提出問題，問可不可以。(2) She may have gone abroad.她有可能出國了。語法分析：表示“可能性”。(3) Shut the door for fear that it may rain.關(guān)上門，以防下雨。語法分析：用在某些狀語從句中。(4) May you be happy!祝你們幸福！語法分析：表示祝愿。(5) They may well have won the football match.他們很可能贏得了那場足球賽。語法分析：用

23、在某些成語里。(6) Might I have a little brandy?可否給我一點白蘭地？語法分析：might代替may，使口氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)。(7) If you didn't mind, we might go there.假如你不介意，我們可能去那里。語法分析：might用于虛擬條件句中。(8) You might have told me!你本可以告訴我一聲的嘛！語法分析：表示輕微的埋怨或批評。<鞏固練習(xí)>(1) _ I use your phone?(2) Dogs _ not be taken into these carriages.(3) However

24、frightened you _ be yourself, you must remain calm.(4) They _ be good reports, but they seem to lack facts.(5) Try as he _ ,he could not persuade his friends to go.(6) If you invited her, she _ come.(7) You _ tell me if you're going to be late.<參考答案>(1) May (2) may (3) may (4) may (5) migh

25、t (6) might (7) might43.need的用法<例句>You need not come to the meeting if you are too busy.如果你太忙就不必來參加會議了。<語法分析>need作為情態(tài)動詞，可以用在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“不必”。在賓語從句中，即使主語動詞是過去式，仍可用need。此外，need在作為情態(tài)動詞時，在帶有否定意義的句子中和表示疑問的從句中，也可以用need。作為及物動詞，need表示“需要”，后面可以跟名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或復(fù)合賓語等。<觸類旁通>(1) You needn't have

26、 come in person, a letter would been enough.其實你不必親自來，寫封信就夠了。語法分析：作為情態(tài)動詞need用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“不必”。(2) She said that she needn't send a deposit.她說她無需寄現(xiàn)金來。語法分析：在賓語從句中，即使主語動詞是過去式，扔可用need。(3) Need I tell you?我需要告訴你嗎？語法分析：情態(tài)動詞need構(gòu)成疑問句。(4) Do you need any help?你需要什么幫助？語法分析：作為及物動詞，need后面可以跟名詞或代詞。(5) I need to

27、 ask some advice.我需要向別人求救。語法分析：后面跟不定式。(6) My hair needed cutting.我需要理發(fā)了。語法分析：后面跟動名詞。(7) She needed her eyes tested.她需要請人驗光。語法分析：后面跟復(fù)合賓語。<鞏固練習(xí)>(1) We _ you to work for us.(2) This jumper _ washing.(3) Do we _ to buy tickets in advance?(4) All living things _ water.(5) _ I come tomorrow?(6) Nobo

28、dy _ be afraid of catching the disease.(7) He _ not have been punnished so severely.<參考答案>(1) need  (2) needs  (3) need  (4) need  (5) Need  (6) need  (7) need44.dare的用法<例句>She dared not move.她不敢動。<語法分析>作為情態(tài)動詞的dare，表示“敢.”，這時沒有人稱形式，但有過去式dared。作為情態(tài)動詞的dar

29、e主要用于否定句，在帶有否定意思的句子和疑問句及條件從句中也可以用dare。作為及物動詞時，dare有人稱和數(shù)的變化，有現(xiàn)在時和過去時的形式，可以與助動詞連用，也有其非限定形式。及物動詞dare可以用于多類句子中表示“向.挑戰(zhàn)，敢于嘗試，敢于面對”等。<觸類旁通>(1) They dare not say anything.他們什么都不敢說。語法分析：情態(tài)動詞的dare用于否定句。(2) I hardly dared breathe as somebody walked past the door.有人從門口經(jīng)過時，我?guī)缀醵疾桓掖瓪饬?。語法分析：用在帶有否定意思的句子中。(3) I

30、 wonder if he dared come home.不知道他敢不敢回家。語法分析：用在條件從句中。(4) I dare say everything will be all right.我看一切都會好的。語法分析：用在某些習(xí)語中，如I dare say, don't you dare等。(5) I dared them to debate with me about it.我問他們敢不敢和我辯論這個問題。語法分析：及物動詞dare表示“向.挑戰(zhàn)，敢于嘗試”等。<鞏固練習(xí)>(1) She _dare me to jump off the two diving boar

31、d.(2) I have never _dare to disturb him.(3) Who _dare to go?(4) You are tired, I _ say.(5) Don't you _ touch that table?(6) How _ she take my book without even asking?(7) She didn't _ to disobey.<參考答案>(1) dared  (2) dared  (3) dares  (4) dare  (5) dare  (6) dar

32、e  (7) dare45. have的用法<例句>She has having them repaired.她正請人修理它們。<語法分析>have這個詞可以作助動詞與其他詞構(gòu)成不同的時態(tài)，也可以作及物動詞，有不同的實際含義。作為及物動詞時，可以與許多名詞連用表示不同的動作。它還可以構(gòu)成某些句型，具有特殊的用法。本例句是have+名詞或代詞+過去分詞這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示的含義是讓別人做某事或遭遇某事，是have的特殊用法。<觸類旁通>(1) What's that got to do with you?那和你有什么關(guān)系？語法分析：have got = have構(gòu)成特定句型。(2) He s