管理學原理答案

1、CHAPTER 1 Innovation for turbulent time（1）TRUE/FALSE1.Management is often considered universal（通用的）because it uses organizational resources to accomplish goals and attain（達至V）high performance in all types of profit and not-for-profit organizations. T2.Leadership involves the use of influence to moti

2、vate（刺激）employees to achieve the organisationTs goals.3.Organising means defining（明確）goals for future organisational performance and deciding on the tasks and resources needed to attainthem. F4.Efficiency refers to the degree to which the organisation achieves a stated（規(guī)定的）objective（目標）. F5.The mana

3、gers ability tothink $戰(zhàn)1略性的JI）requires high technical skills and a proficiency精通）in specific tasks withinan organisation. F6.First-line managers are the managers who have the responsibility for making the significant（重大的）strategic（戰(zhàn)略上的）policydecisions, often with staff managers assisting（幫助）them in

4、these decisions. FMultiple Choice1. The figurehead role involves:A.motivating and communicating with staffB.initiating（發(fā)起）changeC.handling ceremonial（正式的）and symbolic activitiesD.developing information sources within the organisationE.staying well informed about current affairs C2. How an organisati

5、on goes about accomplishing a plan is a key part of the management function of:A.planningB. organisingC.leadingD. controllingE. motivating B3. Which of the following is not a function of managementA.controlB.planC.organiseD. leadE. performance EE.tasks A5. Which of the following types of skills is t

6、he understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasksA.human skillB. leadership skill4. A social entity（本質）that is goal directed and deliberately（慎重地）structured is referred to as:A.an organisationB.managementC.employeesD.studentsE. social skill C6.The informational role, according

7、 to Mintzberg, is a（n） _ roleA.entrepreneur（企業(yè)家）B. leaderC.figurehead（有名無實的領袖）E.monitor EFILL IN THE BLANKS1.Social forces are the aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.2. Economic forces pertain（屬于）to the availability, production, and distribution（分配）of resources

8、in a society.3. The learning organization can be defined as one in which everyone is engaged in identifying and solving problems, enabling the organisation to continuouslyexperiment, change, and improve, thus increasing its capacity to grow, learn and achieve its purpose.4. Empowerment（授權）means givi

9、ng employees the power, freedom, knowledge and skills to make decisions and perform effectively.5. List three of the basic ideas of scientific man會議員agement.Trained workers in standard（標準的）methodDeveloped standard method for performing each jobSelected workers with appropriate abilities for each job

10、6. Webers vision of organisations that would be managed on an imperson,arlational（合理的）basis is called a（n） bureaucratic（官 僚的）7. List the three assumptions（設想）associated with McGregors Theory X.People are lazy; People dislike responsibility; People lack ambitionCHAPTER 1 Innovation for turbulent time

11、（2）TRUE/FALSE1. The learning organization is an attitude or philosophy（哲學）about what an organization can become. T2. The essential idea in a learning organisation is efficiency. F3. As a manager, Lou prefers to think in terms ofcontrol overrather thancontrol withothers. This is in agreement with the

12、 idealearning organisation. F4.Empowerment means giving employees the power, freedom, knowledge, and skills to make decisions and perform effectively. T5. Theory X and Theory Y, proposed by Douglas McGregor, provide two opposing（相反的）views of workers: Theory X recognises thatworkers enjoy achievement

13、 and responsibility, while Theory Y recognises（承認）that workers will avoid work whenever possible. FMULTIPLE CHOICE1._forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.A.LegalB.EconomicC.technical skillD. conceptual（概念上的）skillC.PoliticalD.PsychologicalE.So

14、cial E2. Variables（變量）such as interest rates, inflation（通貨膨脹）and trade tariffs（關稅）are all examples of_ forces.A.technologicalB.politicalC.socialD.socio-educationalE.none of the aboveE3. Strategy has traditionally been the sole（唯一的）responsibility of:A.middle managementB.project managers（項目經理）C.compan

15、y accountantsD.top managersD4. During the early twentieth century, the prevailing（普通的）management perspective（觀點）,which emphasised rationality（合理 性）and ascientific approach, was the _ perspective.A.scientificB.behaviouralC.classicalD.quantitativeE.Pareto C5. The three subfields（子域）of the classical pe

16、rspective include:A.bureaucratic organisation, quantitative management, and the human relations movementB.quantitative management, behavioural science, and administrative managementC.administrative management, bureaucratic organisation, and scientific managementD.scientific management, quantitative

17、management, and administrative managementE.none of the above C6. Bruce believes his employees are responsible and able to work without intense direction and supervision（管理）. He is a:A.Theory X managerB.Theory Y managerC.Theory Z managerD.contingency（偶然性）theory managerE.classical manager BSHORT ANSWE

18、R1. Briefly discuss the relationship between management skills and management level.skills summarize in three categories:conceptual skills , human skills and technical level contains :top managers ,middlemanagers ,first-line managers and managers need conceptual skills,nonmanagers need technical ski

19、lls,human skills is important to allmanagement level（管理技能有三種：概念技能、人際技能、技術技能。概念技能包括：高層管理者、中層管理者、一線管理者和非管理者。高 層管理者需要概念技能。非管理者需要技術技能。人際技能對于管理水平來說很重要。）2.What is the difference between efficiency and effectiveness Which is more important for performance2.效率和效益向來都是企業(yè)追求的目標，二者既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別。效益是指做正確的事情，效率則是做事情運用正確

20、的方法。效 益比效率更重要，因為無論效率再高，只要所做的事情不對，其結果就會是無益的勞動，而所付出的一切努力不過是一種浪費。 追求效益必須考慮效率，考慮效益實現(xiàn)的速度問題。CHAPTER 2 The environment and corporate cultureTRUE OR FALSE1、The study of management traditionally has focused on factors external to the organisations.F2、The general environment and the task environment are the t

21、wo layers of an organisationsTexternal environment.3、Customers and competitors are two important sectors of the economic dimension（次元）of a firms general environmenFt.4.Other organisations in the same industry or type of business that provide goods or services to the same set of customers are referre

22、d to assuppliers. F5.The internal environment within which managers work includes corporate（公司的）culture, sociocultural aspects and customers. FCHOICE1.Which of these is a part of an organisations internal environmentA.its customersB.its salespeopleC.its wage structureD.its suppliersE.its competitors

23、 B2.The _ environment represents（表現(xiàn)）the outer layer of the environment and affects organisations _A.task; indirectlyB.general; directlyC.internal; directlyD.internal; indirectly（間接地）E.general; indirectly E3.Which of these is NOT a part of an organisationA.technologicalB.economicC.competitorsD.legal-

24、politicalE.sociocultural C4.An organisations task environment includes all of the following EXCEPT:A.competitorsB.customersC.labour marketsD.employersE.suppliers D5.Which of these are included in an organisations task environmentA.suppliersB.accounting procedures（手續(xù)）C.technologyD.governmentE.demogra

25、phic（人口統(tǒng)計學的）characteristics As getneral environmen6. Which of the following consists of demographic factors, such as population densityA.technological environmentB.sociocultural environmentC.legal-political environmentD.internal environmentE.economic environment B7. The _ represents people in the en

26、vironment who can be hired to work for the organisation.A.competitorsB.labour marketC.suppliersD.customersE.government B8. Which statement（敘述）below is correctA.When environment is dynamic（活躍的）, uncertainty is low.B.When the environment is unstable（動態(tài)的）, uncertainty is low.C.A dynamic environment has

27、 more uncertainty than a stable environment.D.The stability（穩(wěn)定性）of the environment does not determine the structure of the firm.E.None of the above. C9. Research has found that a（n） _ structure works best when organisations experience uncertainty.A.flexible（靈活的）B.mechanistic（機械的）C.intuitive（直覺的）D.in

28、organicE.rigid（死板的）AFILL IN THE BLANKS1. The external organizational environment includes all elements（元素）existing outside the boundary（分界線）of the organisation that have thepotential（可能性）to affect the organisation.2. The general environment is the outer layer that is widely dispersed and affects org

29、anisations indirectly.3. The internal environment includes the sectors that conduct day-to-day transactions（交易）within the organisation.4. The labor market represents people in the environment who can be hired to work for the organisation.SHORT ANSWER1. Briefly describe the task environment and its f

30、our primary sectors.task environment includes those sectors that have a direct working relationship with the include customers,competitor,supplier,and the labor arethe people and organizations in the environment who acquire goods and services from the isother organizations in the same industry or ty

31、pe ofbusiness that provide goods or services to the same set of are people and organizations who provide the raw materials the organization uses toproduce its market is the people available for hire by the organization.（任務環(huán)境包括和團體有正確的工作關系。這些包括消費者、競爭者、供應商和勞動力市場。消費者是指那些從企業(yè)購買產品 或者服務的個人或組織。競爭者是指那些與本企業(yè)處于同

32、一個行業(yè)、提供與本企業(yè)相同或類似產品的企業(yè)。供應商是那些提供 原材料給企業(yè)用來生產的個人或組織。勞動力市場是指能夠為企業(yè)所雇傭的所有人的集合。）2.Briefly describe and discuss the various levels of cultureis the set of key values,beliefs, understandings,and norms that members of an organization can be analyzed at the surface level and deeper levelincludes artifacts,such

33、asdress, office layout ,symbols,slogans, level has two first one is expressed values,such as The Penney Idea,The HPWay.The second one isunderlying assumptions and deep beliefs ,such as people here care about one another like a family.（文化是指由一個組織內部所有成員共同認可的價值觀、信仰、共識及生活準則。文化被分解為淺層次和深層次。淺層次包括 人工制品，例如裙子、

34、辦公布局、符號、標語、儀式。深層次有兩方面。一種是明確的價值，如“The Penney Idea”、“The HPWay”。另一種是潛在的假設和深深的信仰，例如“這兒的人們把別人視作家庭成員關懷”。）CHAPTER 4 Ethics and Social ResponsibilityTRUE/FALSE1.Found between the domains（領域）of law and free choice,ethics（道德規(guī)范）is the code of moral principles that governs any individualor group. T2.Most ethic

35、al dilemmas（困境）involve a conflict between the needs of the part and the whole. T3.The four approaches that guide ethical decision making are utilitarian（功力的）,individualism, moral-rights and objective dualism（雙 重論）.F應該是justice approach公正原則4. Free choice lies between the domains of codified law and et

36、hics. F5. Most of the laws guiding human resource management are based on the individualism approach. F6. Culture is the only aspect of an organisation that influences ethics. F7. All stockholders of an organisation are its stakeholders, but not all stakeholders are its stockholders. TCHOICE1、Which

37、of these refers to the code of moral principles and values that govern behaviour with respect to what is right and wrongA.social responsibilityB.free domainC.ethicsD.codified law（編纂法典）E.discretionary（任意的）responsibility C2. Around _ per cent of adults reach the level three stage of moral development.

38、A.30B.40C.50D.80E.20 E3.Ethics deals with _ values that are a part of corporate culture and shapes decisions concerning social responsibility withrespect to the _ environment.A.internal/externalB.external/externalC.internal/internalD.external/internalE.none of the aboveA4. The assumption（假設）thatIf i

39、ts not illegal, it must be ignores which of the followingA.domain of codified lawB.domain of ethicsC.domain of free choiceD.discretionary responsibilityE.domain of symbolismBA.an example of the utilitarian approach to ethical behaviourB.representative of the moral-justice approach to moral decision

40、makingC.an example of the values that guide the individualism approach to ethical behaviourD.an age-old piece of advise not to be taken too seriouslyE.an example of the justice approach to ethical behaviour C6. Individualism is most closely related to:A.social responsibilityB.free choiceC.economic r

41、esponsibilityD.codified lawE.togetherness B7. Sexual harassmen（t性騷擾）is unethical because it violates（違反）an important part of which approach to ethical behaviourA.the utilitarian approachB.the individualism approachC.the justice approachD.the moral-rights approachE.the defensive（防御的）approach D8. Most

42、 of the laws guiding human resource management are based on the:A.utilitarian approachB.moral-rights approachC.individualism approachD.justice approachE.collectivism（集體主義）approach DFILL IN THE BLANKS1.ethics is the code of moral principles and values that govern the behaviours of a person or group w

43、ith respect to what is right or wrong.2.A（n） ethical dilemma arises in a situation when each alternative choice or behaviour is undesirable（不良的）because of potentially（可能地）harmful ethical consequences.3.List the four criteria（條件）for ethical decision making described in the book. utilitarian approach;

44、5. The golden ruledo unto others as they would do unto youis:individualism approach ;moral rights approach ;justice approach4.List four examples of primary stakeholders.investors,suppliers,customers, stakeholdersSHORT ANSWER1.Explain the concept（概念）of a stakeholder and list five common stakeholders1

45、.A stakeholder is any group within or outside the organization that has a stake in the organizations performance.the localgovernment ;the nature ; physical environments ;special interest groups; the quality of life（利益相關者是指在組織的內部或外部，與公司經營業(yè)績相互關聯(lián)的任何個人或組織。當?shù)卣?、自然、物理環(huán)境、特定興趣 小組、生活質量。）CHAPTER 5 Planning an

46、d Goal SettingTRUE/FALSE1.Of the four management functions, organizing is the most fundamental（根本的）,as everything practical（實際的）stems（血統(tǒng)）from carefulorganization. F2.A desired future state that the individual or organization attempts to realize is a goal. T3.Plans specify（歹U舉）future ends; goals spec

47、ify todaysmeans.4.The act of determining the organisations goals and the means for achieving them is called goal settFing.5.Goals and plans are valuable to an organisation because they provide legitimacy（合法）,rationale（基本原理）for decisions and an increasein motivation（積極性）and commitment（承諾）. T6.An orga

48、nisations mission describes its reason for existenTce.7.Mission statements often reveal（顯示）the companys philosophy as well as purpose. T8.Strategic plans and goals are those that focus on where the organisation wants to be in the future and pertain（屬于）to the organisation asa whole. T9.Reviewing prog

49、ress is the most difficult step in an MBO process. F10.Long-term planning includes strategic goals for the overall organisation.TCHOICEE.Mission, vision A3. Which of these is the act of determining the organisationA.organisingB.brainstormingC.planningD. developing a missionE.a blueprintC4.The planni

50、ng process begins with which of theseA.the development of operational（運作的）goalsB.the development of a mission statementC.communication of goals to the rest of the organisationD.a company-wide meetingE.brainstorming B5. The_ is the basis for the strategic level of goals and plans which in turn（空的）sha

51、pes the_and_level.A.goal, mission, tacticalB.operational goal, mission and tactical（策略的）C.objective, operational, missionD.mission, tactical, operationalE.tactical plan, operational, missionD6._ are primarily concerned with tactical goals/plans.E.Lower managementAA.planB.vision statementC.goalD.miss

52、ion statementE.ideaC2. _ specify future ends and _ _ specify todays meansA.Goals, plansB. Plans, goals1. A desired future state that an organisation attempts to realise（明白）is called a（n）:C.Planning, organisingD. Ideas, behavioursA.middle managementB.board of directorsC.consultants（咨詢者）D. senior mana

53、gement7. Which of these are primarily responsible for strategic goals/plansE.lower managementDs goals and the means for achieving themA.MiddleB.Board of directorsC. ConsultantsD. Senior management8.A statement that identifies distinguishing characteristics of an organisation is known as:A.a goals st

54、atementB.a values statementC.an income statementD.a mission statementE.a competitive-edge statementD9.The organisations reason for existence is known as:A.the organisations valBu.ethe organisations visionC.the organisations misDs.ion the organisations goalE.the organisations serviceC10.We seek to be

55、come the major computer maintence（維修）business in Shanghaiis an example of a statement you are mostlikely to find in the organisations:A. tactical goals B. operational goalsC.missionD.tactical plansE. operational plansC11. Goals that define the outcomes that major divisions（部門）and departments must ac

56、hieve in order for the organisation to reach itsoverall goals are called:A.strategic goalsB.tactical goalsC.operational goalsD.a missionE.a planB12. Specific results expected from individuals are called:A.operational goalsB. tactical goalsC.strategic goalsD. operational plansE. mission statementsA13

57、. _ goals lead to the attainment（成就）of _ goals, which in turn lead to the attainment of _goals.A.Operational, strategic, tacticalB.Tactical, operational, strategicC.Strategic, tactical, operationalD.Operational, tactical, strategicE.None of the aboveD14. The first step in the MBO process is:A.settin

58、g goalsB.developing action plansC.appraising（評價）overall performanceD.reviewing progressE.reliant（依賴）on the objectives, which should be laid down（制定）firstA15. The final step in the MBO process is to:A. appraise overall performanceB.develop an action planC.review progressD.set goalsE.conduct periodic

59、checkups（周期的審查）A16. Contingency（偶然性）plans are:A.plans that are developed to achieve a set of goals that are unlikely to be repeated in the futureB.plans that used to provide guidance for tasks performed repeatedly within the organisationC.plans that define company responses to specific situations, such as emergencies or setbacksD.most important in the organisationsE.none of the aboveCFILL IN THE BLANKS1. A goal is a desired future state