現(xiàn)在,過去分詞作狀語

1、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語：時間，條件，伴隨方式，原因，結(jié)果 1.時間狀語： Working in the factory, he learned a lot from the workers.(分詞一般式）Having read the letter, she got very excited.（完成式）現(xiàn)在分詞作時間,原因狀語：如果分詞所表示的動作和謂語的動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式doing。如果分詞動作明顯在謂語之前發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)分完成式,having done。Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.Having arri

2、ved at the factory, they immediately set to work.Be careful crossing the street. Dont mention this talking to him.On arriving in London, he managed to get in touch with her.=As soon as he arrived in London, .2.現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語：Working hard, you will succeed. /Work hard ,and you will succeed. Turning to the

3、 left, you will find the path leading to the site.= if you turn to the left, 3.現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨方式狀語：She came running towards me.The children ran out of the room, . They stood there for an hour ,. She sat at the desk .=she sat at the desk and read a newspaper., we visited a number of cities., they started to

4、climb.4.現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語：Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.Being so poor in those days, we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospital. Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.（分詞完成式的肯（分詞完成式的肯定式）定

5、式） Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.（分完否）（分完否） 5.現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語： （多用于句尾）Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children. The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay. He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold.I hurried to school, only

6、to find that it was Sunday.Note: 現(xiàn)在分詞表示必然結(jié)果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的結(jié)果，前可加only.鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)1.The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing2.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his

7、stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added3.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B.makes C.made D.to make4._ up at his father, he asked what was the matter with him.A.Having looked B. Looking C.To look D.Look5._ from his clothes, he

8、 is not so poor.A.Judged B. Judging C. To judge D.Having judged6._ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B.SufferingC.To suffer D.Suffered獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)The Absolute Structure概念 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（the absolute structure）是由名詞或代詞加上分詞或分詞短語構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個句子，而不是一個詞或詞組。

9、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞與其后的分詞或分詞短語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)與主句不發(fā)生句法上的聯(lián)系，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的位置相當(dāng)靈活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗號將其與主句分開。需特別注意的是，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。特點(diǎn) 1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。 2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。 3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。 形式 名詞/主格代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞 名詞/主格代詞+不定式 名詞/主格代詞+形容詞 名詞/主格代詞+副詞 名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語 There being +

10、名詞（代詞） It being +名詞（代詞）名詞/主格代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 名詞/主格代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主謂關(guān)系 The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say. 姑娘兩眼望著他，他不知道說什么好。 Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果時間允許的話，我們明天去郊游。 名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞 名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間是動賓關(guān)系。 The problems solved

11、(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。 Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼鏡摔壞了，她看不見黑板上的字。 名詞/主格代詞+不定式 名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次具體性的動作。 He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to

12、help. 借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機(jī)模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他們道別后，一個回了家，一個去了書店。 名詞/主格代詞+形容詞 An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飛機(jī)遭遇了空難，無一人生還。 So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 這么多人缺席，會議不得不取消。 名詞/主格代詞+副詞 He p

13、ut on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。 The meeting over, they all went home. 會議一結(jié)束，他們就都回家了 名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語 The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿著書去教室。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 瑪麗靠近火爐坐著，背對著門。 There being +名詞（代詞） There being nothing else to do, we went

14、home. 沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。 There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 沒有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會。 It being +名詞（代詞） It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。 功能與用法 功能：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于描繪性文字中，其作用相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，常用來表示

15、時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。 用法：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要表示謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句或并列句。 *注：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示時間、條件或原因時，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，一般放在句首，表示原因時還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補(bǔ)充說明時，相當(dāng)于一個并列句，通常放于句末。 用作時間狀語 The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我們就回家了。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下來 用作條件狀語 Weath

16、er permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。 The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若條件有利，他或許能成功。 用作原因狀語 An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay u

17、p late into the night. 因?yàn)槊魈煲l(fā)表一個重要的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 沒有出租車，我們只好步行。 用作伴隨狀語 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦后。 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all.

18、幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體，而銀則是最好的導(dǎo)體。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 表示補(bǔ)充說明 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我們加倍努力，一個人干兩個人的活。 例題 Not far from the school there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A.

19、 its B. whose C. which D. that He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C.which D. that Choose the best from the four choices1Ford tried dividing the labor，each worker a separate taskAassigning Bassigned Cwas assigned Dwould be assigned 2The lecture ，he le

20、ft his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speakerAbegan Bbeginning Chaving begun Dbeing beginning 3Such the case ，there are no grounds to justify your complaintsAbeing Bis Cwas Dto be 4Darkness in，the young people lingered on merrymakingAset Bsetting Chas set Dwas

21、set 5With all factors ，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goalAbeing considered Bconsidering Cconsidered Dare considered 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語 過去分詞在句中一般能作過去分詞在句中一般能作時間、原因、時間、原因、條件、讓步和方式狀語條件、讓步和方式狀語。如：。如：表示原因，相當(dāng)于由表示原因，相當(dāng)于由as, since, 或或because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句Caught in a heavy r

22、ain, he was all wet. 因?yàn)榱芰艘粓龃笥?，所以他全身濕透了。因?yàn)榱芰艘粓龃笥?，所以他全身濕透了?Because he was caught in a heavy rain) 表示條件表示條件,相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于if, unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句從句如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快。如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快。Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. (If these seeds are grown in rich soil)Compared with you, we still have

23、 a long way to go.(If we are compared with you)表示伴隨情況或方式表示伴隨情況或方式: The trainer appeared, followed by four little dogs. 訓(xùn)練員出現(xiàn)了，后面跟著四條小狗。訓(xùn)練員出現(xiàn)了，后面跟著四條小狗。 He walked up and down the room, lost in thought. 他在屋子時走來走去，陷入了沉思。他在屋子時走來走去，陷入了沉思。 表示時間表示時間When heated, ice can be changed into water.（When ice is he

24、ated,） 表示讓步，相當(dāng)于表示讓步，相當(dāng)于although/though引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句Left at home, John didnt feel afraid at all.(Although he was left at home,)Even if invited, I will not take part in the party.(Even if I am invited,)小結(jié) 過去分詞在句中作狀語，過去分詞的邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。 位置：過去分詞作狀語，可以放在主句的前面或者后面，用逗號將二者隔開。 連詞+過去分詞作狀語有些過去分詞可以用連詞加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。

25、這些連詞有when, once, if, unless, though, as if, although, even if, even though, than, as過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別Following the old man, we went upstairs.=We followed the old man, and we went upstairs.Followed by the old man, we went upstairs.=We were followed by the old man, and we went upstairs. Seen from the to

26、p, the stadium looks like a birds nest. Seeing from the top, we find the stadium like a birds nest.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別過去分詞表完成，被動，與主句的主過去分詞表完成，被動，與主句的主語之間是被動關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，語之間是被動關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，主動，與主語的主語之間是主動關(guān)系。主動，與主語的主語之間是主動關(guān)系。有些過去分詞（短語）源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，有些過去分詞（短語）源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不表動作而表狀態(tài)。作狀語時不表動作而表狀態(tài)。常見的有常見的有: lost (迷路迷路); sea

27、ted (坐坐); absorbed in (全神貫注于全神貫注于); dressed in (穿穿著著); tired of (厭煩厭煩),be exposed to ,be devoted to ,be caught/trapped/stuck in 等。等。如：如：Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 因?yàn)槌两谒伎贾幸驗(yàn)槌两谒伎贾?所以他沒所以他沒聽到那個聲音。聽到那個聲音。 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并與用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并與A-C的的漢語翻譯相匹配。漢語翻譯相匹配。1. Once _, a word beco

28、mes a promise.2. Once _, water cannot be taken back again.3. _ by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.impress; pour; speakA.A.覆水難收覆水難收B.B.流連忘返流連忘返C.C.一言既出一言既出, , 駟馬難追駟馬難追spokenpouredImpressedC B A II. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. _ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks bea

29、utiful to us.2. _ (give) time, hell make a first class tennis player.3. _ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.SeenGivenLooking 4._ (give) more time, Ill finish my work on time.5. Compared with _ (develop) countries, we still have a long way to go.6. The English

30、teacher entered the room, _ (follow) by his students.Givendevelopedfollowed7. The teach buildings _ (build) in 1960 need repairing.8. I found my school bag _ (leave) in Marys room.builtleft1. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose配套練習(xí)配套練

31、習(xí)動詞動詞-ing或過去分詞作狀語或過去分詞作狀語, 其邏輯其邏輯主語應(yīng)是主句主語。主語應(yīng)是主句主語。2. If _ the same treatment again, hes sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given 3. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 析析: 正確答案為正

32、確答案為 C 項(xiàng)。哈佛大學(xué)是項(xiàng)。哈佛大學(xué)是1636 年被建的年被建的, 所以該空應(yīng)填過去分詞所以該空應(yīng)填過去分詞 Founded 作狀語。作狀語。 4. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared5. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving

33、D. Given6. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed7. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited8. When _, the museum will be open to the public ne

34、xt year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 析：正確答案為析：正確答案為 A 項(xiàng)。博物館是被完項(xiàng)。博物館是被完工的工的, 所以該空應(yīng)填過去分詞所以該空應(yīng)填過去分詞completed 作狀語。作狀語。9. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 析：正確答案為析：正確答案為 D 項(xiàng)。分析語境邏

35、輯可項(xiàng)。分析語境邏輯可知，該空含義為知，該空含義為“(這研究這研究)一旦被開始一旦被開始”，因此應(yīng)填過去分詞因此應(yīng)填過去分詞 begun作狀語。作狀語。二：解題方法：解題方法： 1、分詞做主語，前后主語要一致。、分詞做主語，前后主語要一致。 2、判斷主句的主語能否發(fā)出分詞的動作，若能、判斷主句的主語能否發(fā)出分詞的動作，若能發(fā)出，用分詞發(fā)出，用分詞-ing形式，若不能則用形式，若不能則用 -ed形式。形式。e.g;1、_,she hurried to a policeman for helpA.Finding her car stolen B.Her car being stolenC.Her car to be stolen D. F