賓語從句講解

1、連接代詞一般指疑問，但what,whatever除了指疑問外，也可以指陳述。賓語從句賓語從句是 名詞性從句 的一種。在主從復(fù)合句 中充當(dāng)賓語，位于及物動詞、介詞或復(fù)合 謂語之后的從句稱為 賓語從句。賓語從句分為三類： 動詞的賓語從句，介詞的賓語從句和 形 容詞的賓語從句。用法賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+由連詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句（陳述語序） 從屬連詞連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether，和疑問詞（what， how，where，when）。1）that （無詞義，不做成分）;if,whether（表達(dá)是否的意思，但是不做句子的成分）that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,if和If和wh

2、ether的區(qū)別:whether，whether.or not引導(dǎo)表示 是否"的一般疑問句 的賓語從句。if和whether在作是否"理解時，引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介詞后一般不用if。少數(shù)動詞，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用 whether 。whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。在不定式前只能用whether。般“no matter后表 示是否"用whether而不用if。等。2）連接代詞 主要有:who,whom,whose,what,whoev

3、er,whomever,whosever,whatever,whicheverTell him which class you are inDo you know what he likes ？等。3）連接畐y詞 主要有 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,howeverHe didn t tell me when we should meet again .他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面。注：賓語從句通常跟在名詞或代詞后面。賓語從句-動賓從句大多數(shù)及物動詞都可以帶賓語從句。部分 動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句。動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句，常見的這些詞有

4、:make sure （確保）、make up one ' s mi nd （下決心）、 kee p in mi nd （牢記）可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時候，則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置。 有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it （雙賓語）這類動詞主要有:hate,take,owe,have,see.to.award,le nd.ha nd,mail,offer, pass ,pay,po st,read,retur n, show,te ach,tell賓

5、語從句-介賓從句用whether之類的介詞賓語從句。用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句，有時候except,but,besides 三個介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。賓語從句-形容詞+賓從句有些形容詞具有動詞的含義，所以也可以帶一個賓語從句;例句:I am sorry I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his an swer is right?常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的 形容詞有:sure,certa in, glad, pl ease,ha ppy ,sorry,afraid,satisfied,sur prised賓

6、語從句否定轉(zhuǎn)移注：否定前移的條件是，主句 主語是第一人稱主句的 謂語動詞 是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主語是第一人稱 而且為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的 否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來.否定前移的反意問句 完成反意問句時，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞 或副詞，其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.我們通常稱為否定前移。eg . I don't think you are right,are you ?I don't believe they have fini sh

7、ed their work yet,have they賓語從句時態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響 當(dāng)主句為過去時 從句用一般過去時或過去進(jìn)行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生 從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前 從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后 如果從句是一個客觀真理，那么從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why 等表疑問時，不能按正常語序安排，經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首無論任何時候都為陳述語序.但也有部分口語提問例外E.G:What's th

8、e matter?What's wrong with you?賓語從句學(xué)習(xí)技巧學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：引導(dǎo)詞、語序和時態(tài)。一、引導(dǎo)詞1.從句為陳述句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。2.從句為一般疑問句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞if或whether。在whetheror not結(jié)構(gòu)中不能 用if替換。3 .從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等疑問代詞、疑問副從句的引導(dǎo)詞有很多，如: 等。詞作引導(dǎo)詞。注意：當(dāng)who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他。say, think, wish , hope, see, believe,

9、agree, exp ect, hear , feel二、判斷時態(tài)情況1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句為各種時態(tài)。2 .主句是一般過去時 般現(xiàn)在時。，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去 時態(tài)。注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用He an swered that he was liste ning to me.3.關(guān)系代詞:that, who , whom,whose,which1. The teacher told the childre n that the sunround.A.was B. is C. were D. are2. I believe that our team the basketball match

10、.A.wi nB. won C. will win D. wins三、賓語從句的用法1.that引導(dǎo)賓語從句無意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分常省略。但是在書面上最好不要省略。下 列情況除外： .介詞賓語從句的that不能省略。.and連接的兩個從句，兩個從句的that不能省略。He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. 在動詞+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不省略。I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impo ssible th

11、at he could finish it in such a short time2.許多帶復(fù)合賓語 的句子，賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it做形式賓語。結(jié)構(gòu)是:主語+動詞+ it +形容詞/名詞等賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語從句We think it wrong that he told a lie to every one.賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序。False: He is won deri ng whe n can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is won deri ng whe n he can finish this difficult

12、job. .有時候可以用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impo ssible.Good: I thought it impo ssible that he could finish this job in just two hours. .帶有賓語從句的 復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesn' t like the English teacher.Good: I don ' t think he lik

13、es the English teacher. .主句一般過去時態(tài)，從句也要用過去時態(tài)；具體細(xì)節(jié)請看第一部分。False: He wan ted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wan ted to know why he was crying in the corner.(4)賓語從句后置如果賓語從句后有賓語補(bǔ)語，用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句后置eg . You may think it strange that he would live there(5) that不可省略賓語從句that常可省略，但在以下情況下不能省略th

14、at，其他不能A.當(dāng)主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個 省略。eg . I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will get betterB.當(dāng)it作形式賓語時eg . She made it clear that she had nothing to do with himC .當(dāng)賓語從句前置時eg . That our team will win , I believe .(6)由陳述句變成賓語從句時，要注意人稱的變化。例： She said: “I have been to England

15、 before.”She said that she had bee n to En gla nd before.（7）賓語從句與簡單句的交換。由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如果賓語從句的主語和主句的主語是同一個人 時，可以用疑問詞+不定式”做賓語的簡單句結(jié)構(gòu)。例: I don t know what I should do next. > I don t know what to do next.1. Can you seeA.what he ' s reading B. what is he readingC.what does he read D. he reads what合并成一個句子）2. Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(->Do you knowJackfr