國際音標(biāo)整理文檔

1、一、 國際音標(biāo) 我國通用的國際音標(biāo)有48個，元音音標(biāo)20個，輔音音標(biāo)28個。元音分類表單元音前元音/i:/ / /e/ /æ/后元音/:/ / /:/ / /U:/中元音/ / / :/ /雙元音/e/ / /a/ /a/ / / / 輔音分類表輔音組爆破音/p/ /b/ / t/ /d/ / k/ /g/摩擦音/f/ /v/ / /ð/  /s/ /z/ / / / h/ / r/ 破擦音/t/ /d/ /tr/  /dr/  /ts/ /dz/

2、0;鼻音/m/ /n/  /舌邊音/ /半元音/ w/ / j/發(fā)音器官圖1. 上唇 Upper lip 2. 下唇 Lower lip 3. 上齒 Upper teeth 4. 下齒 Lower teeth 5. 上齒齦 Upper teeth ridge 6. 硬腭 Hard palate 7. 軟腭 Soft palate 8. 小舌 the uvula9. 舌端The tip of the tongue 10. 舌前The front of the tongue 11. 舌后 The back of the tongue 12. 喉頭 throat 13.

3、 聲帶 the vocal cords 14. 器官 organs 15. 咽頭 the pharynx 16. 口腔 the mouth cavity 17. 鼻腔 the nasal cavity發(fā)音器官圖： /i:/ 發(fā)音時，舌尖輕抵下齒，前舌部向上顎抬起，口型扁而平，發(fā)音時間持續(xù)較長。例詞：be meat sheep secret believe 例句：I dont believe it. He feels very weak. / 發(fā)音時，舌尖抵下齒，舌前部向硬腭抬起，口型扁平，發(fā)音時間短促。例詞：it big rich visit loaded business例句：Its a v

4、ery big city. I feel a bit dizzy. /e/舌尖抵下齒，舌前部向硬腭抬起，口型扁平，氣流從口腔瀉出，發(fā)音時間短促。例詞： fed best them wedding refresh例句： Well fed, well bred. I will never forget Petty. /æ/舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍抬，雙唇開口度較大，并向兩邊平展，發(fā)音時間短促。例詞： at have flat stand Saturday例句： Im glad to know that. He was born in a happy family. /:/舌身放低后縮，舌后部

5、隆起，口型張大，口全開，身帶震動，發(fā)音延續(xù)較長。例詞： art fast March party advance例句： My father has a large farm. Please park your car in the car park./:/ 舌身盡量降低并收縮，舌后部抬起，雙唇收圓收小，并稍向前凸，發(fā)音延續(xù)較長。例詞：saw born course thought morning例句：They are talking about Ford. I decided to go abroad after graduation. / 舌身盡量降低并后縮，舌后部抬起，口型稍收圓，開口比長

6、元音/:/大，但不向前突出，發(fā)音短促。例詞： hot boss want doctor holiday例句： Whos knocking at the door? Lost time is never found again. /U:/舌身后縮，舌后部盡量抬起，口型較小較圓更突出，發(fā)音延長。例詞： do you tooth choose June例句： You must follow the rule of the school. Whose shoes are these? /舌身后縮，舌后部抬起,口型收圓稍微突出，比/U:/的口型較放松，發(fā)音短促。例詞： book good put woo

7、d push例句： This book is a good cook-book. Let me have a look. / / 舌身后縮至口腔中部，舌后部稍抬起，雙唇較扁，開口較大，發(fā)音短促。例詞：up but does rough thunder例句：The old man has got much money. I went to cinema just for fun. / :/ 舌位抬高，舌身放平，口型微張，雙唇扁平，雙唇肌肉較緊張，發(fā)音時間較長。例詞：sir her third worth early 例句：Can I help you, sir? Everyb

8、ody deserves good services. /舌身放平,舌中部稍抬起，口型微開，雙唇扁平，雙唇肌肉較放松，/在詞首或詞中發(fā)的較模糊，在詞尾時應(yīng)當(dāng)適當(dāng)延長。例詞：about again teacher writer paper例句：We ran along the river. She is a famous professor.雙元音 /e/ 發(fā)音由/e/向/自然滑動，滑動過程中口型由半開到半合，舌位隨之抬高。例詞： eight day face gate faithful例句： Its pay day today. Better late than never. /發(fā)音由/向/自

9、然滑動，滑動過程中口型由半開到小而圓，舌位由半低到高。例詞： old so show note close例句： Its so cold. Please close the window. /a/發(fā)音時由/:/向/自然滑動，滑動過程中口型由開到合。例詞： eye tie ride knife arrive例句： The kite is flying in the sky. Prices are very high these days. /a/發(fā)音時由/:/向/自然滑動，滑動過程中雙唇收攏收圓，口型由大到小，舌位由低到高。例詞： out how about cloud mountain例句：

10、I couldnt help shouting out. The milk became sour./發(fā)音時由/由 /自然滑動，但不到/時舌位就停止，滑動過程中雙唇逐漸由圓變扁，口型由大變小。例詞： boy joy join enjoy spoil例句： He likes making noise in the class. The boy is spoilt by his parents. /發(fā)音時由/向/自然滑動，滑動過程中/發(fā)音較清楚，/發(fā)音較模糊，雙唇始終半開。例詞： ear fear here clear various例句： Im living near here. Student

11、s became all ears when their professor was teaching. /第一個成分/æ/開口比/e/大，由/æ/向/自然滑動，滑動過程中開口程度稍稍收小。例詞： air care hair share parent例句： Their parents stood over there. We rushed there in a tearing hurry. /發(fā)音時由/向/自然滑動，滑動過程中口型由收圓變?yōu)榘腴_。例詞： poor tour sure rural cruel例句： The poor guy was not sure what

12、to do. The tourists are unhappy with their tour.輔音 /p/ 與/b/ 雙唇緊閉，氣流突然沖開雙唇，沖出口腔，/p/為清輔音，聲帶不振動，/b/為濁輔音，聲帶振動。例詞： pit pay proper open happy bit blue baby bike bribe例句： Chongqing is famous for its hot pot. Betty walked in a busy street. / t/與 /d/ 舌尖緊抵上齒齦，形成阻礙，然后突然分開，氣流沖出口腔，/t/為清輔音，聲帶不振動; /d/為濁輔

13、音，聲帶振動。例詞： too take touch right tight do dirt card tired sudden例句： Dont tell my teacher, Tom. David told me that Doctor Li would be his tutor this year./ k/ 與/g/ 舌后部抬起緊貼軟腭，形成阻礙，氣流沖去阻礙后沖出口腔，/k/為清輔音，聲帶不振動; /g/為濁輔音，聲帶振動。例詞： kick book like dock occasion gate get egg ghost guide例句： The book teaches

14、us how to cook. All that glitters is not gold./f/與 /v/ 下唇輕觸上齒，氣流由唇齒間縫隙通過，摩擦成音。/f/為清輔音，聲帶不振動; /v/為濁輔音，聲帶振動。例詞： fly far wife off laugh very village live over save例句： There are fifteen girls in my class. Im living in a flat by the river./ 與/ð/ 舌尖輕觸上齒背部，氣流從舌齒間的縫隙送出，/為清輔音，聲帶不振動; / ð /為濁輔音，

15、聲帶振動。例詞： thank think thief mouth teeth this those then that smooth例句： You should think of it. This book is better than that./s/ 與/z/ 舌端靠近上齒齦，氣流從舌端和齒齦通過，形成摩擦音。/s/為清輔音，聲帶不振動; /z/為濁輔音，聲帶振動。例詞： so sir pencil piece dress zoo zone zero use eraser例句： Did you see the snake in the grass? Please close th

16、e window./ 與/舌身抬起，靠近硬腭，舌端抬向上齒齦，形成狹長的通道，氣流由此通過。雙唇稍微收攏并略突出。/為清輔音，聲帶不振動; /為濁輔音，聲帶振動。例詞： she sheep wish sure special pleasure garage decision vision division例句： She is a shy girl. What do you usually do in your leisure time? / h/發(fā)音時口張大，在通過聲門時發(fā)出輕微的摩擦，氣流通過口腔時不受阻礙。/h/為清輔音，聲帶不振動。例詞：he her how who ahead

17、例句： How are you? He doesnt have any hope. / r/ 舌尖卷起，抬向上齒齦后部，但不發(fā)生摩擦，舌兩側(cè)稍收攏，口型略突出氣流通過是發(fā)出輕微的摩擦。/r/為濁輔音，聲帶振動。例詞：right run cry bread primary例句：Those red roses are very pretty. /t/與 /d/ 舌尖舌端抬高，貼住上齒齦后部，形成阻礙。氣流沖出阻礙摩擦成音，口型略突出，稍微成方形。例詞： child check reach teach catch job page June just judge例句： Child

18、ren always like chicken and French fries. Just have fun! /tr/ 與/dr/舌身與/r/相似，舌尖向上卷起，并抵住上齒齦后部，氣流沖出舌尖和齒齦之間的阻礙，雙唇收攏稍向前突出。/tr/為清輔音，聲帶不振動; /dr /為濁輔音，聲帶振動。例詞： try tree trick true track dry dream dread drop drive例句： You should have another try. Let it drip dry. /ts/與 /dz/ 舌端貼住上齒齦形成阻礙，氣流沖破阻礙，口型扁平。/ts/為清輔音，聲帶不振動; /dz /為濁輔音，聲帶振動。例詞： pets coats gets tests points roads aids reads seeds lands例句： She wants to buy some dates. Will your friends join us? /m/ 雙唇緊閉，軟腭下垂，氣流從鼻腔送出，在詞尾時略需延長，以防止吞音。例詞：me my come farm tomorrow例句： He is a handsome boy. /n/&