2021高考英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧.doc

1、2021高考英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧高考英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧考點(diǎn)1.名詞命題特點(diǎn):本來用復(fù)數(shù),卻用單數(shù).改正方法:(1)根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;(2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系.詳解：1.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. 2.After class we become stranger at once. 3.They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I?ll get marks in all my subject. 4.On the way up

2、I was busy taking pture since the scenery was so beautiful. 5.There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. 6.He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. 7.I looked at his other hands. 考點(diǎn)2.代詞命題特點(diǎn)：1.女性代詞指代男性或相反； 2.單數(shù)指代復(fù)數(shù)； 3.代詞詞性誤用。改正方法：聯(lián)系上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。代詞的錯(cuò)誤特點(diǎn)：1.人稱代詞的偷換錯(cuò)誤2.缺少人

3、稱代詞的錯(cuò)誤3.人稱代詞數(shù)的一致問題4.人稱代詞格的一致問題詳解：8.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 9.I have a good friend who?s name is Liu Mei. 10.It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain.The three of them were very ecited. 11.Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as Iwas learning

4、to epress me in simple English . 12.One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher . 13.Some students may also save up for our college or future use . 14.I took it in me and we walked. 考點(diǎn)3.介詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：介詞涉及搭配錯(cuò)誤，因此可從以下方面確定錯(cuò)誤：1）介詞的基本用法；2）習(xí)慣搭配；3）動(dòng)詞詞類確定錯(cuò)誤，如talk, serve, wait等。介詞的錯(cuò)誤：介詞短語常?？?，固定搭配要記

5、牢。介詞后邊跟賓語，結(jié)合語境細(xì)推敲。詳解：15.We do not seem to get much time to talk about together. 16.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. 17.The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 18.We?ll talk with our plan for the

6、 weekend over dinner. 19.I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 20.He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 21.Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life. 考點(diǎn)4時(shí)態(tài)命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過去時(shí)的誤用，句中一般沒有時(shí)間狀語。每年都考。要注意聯(lián)系上下文，著眼于整個(gè)語篇的時(shí)態(tài)。通常整篇都是過去，突然一個(gè)句子用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。其中又以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)互改為多。詳解：22.They did not want me to d

7、o any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that-23.The time passes qukly.Evening came. 24.She liked it very much and reads it to the class. 25.I don?t know that they don?t like to talk with me.Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class. 26.I will write again a

8、nd send you the photos we take together. 27.We had guests last night who have not stayed in a BB hotel ago. 考點(diǎn)5.andbutor誤用及前后不一致命題特點(diǎn)：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列連詞的誤用。However與although/though不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)改正方法；1）根據(jù)句意確定誤；2）根據(jù)句子的邏輯關(guān)系確定錯(cuò)誤。詳解：28.She is smiling at me but nodding at me. 29.It looks as if my parents treat

9、me as a visitor and a guest. 30.The food was epensive and the serve was good. 31.I came into the living room and saw one of them jus tgo through the kitchen door but turn on the light. 32.We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. 33.She liked it very much and reads it to the class. 考點(diǎn)6.從句連詞

10、命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯(cuò)誤主要涉及句子成份和復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞等。解答這類題從以下方面來思考：1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）復(fù)合句中從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的運(yùn)用是否得當(dāng)?shù)?。平行結(jié)構(gòu)常使用等立連詞and,but, or或連詞詞組not onlybut also, eitheror,neithernor遵循就近原則。主語+With,together with,as well as,besides，動(dòng)詞與主語一致and，but,or,also 前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致。(具有對(duì)稱性）詳解：34.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the

11、mountain. 35.I don?t know that they don?t like to talk with me. 36.The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English. 37.What things are in other homes, I wonder. 38.Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please. 39.T

12、hey did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning. 考點(diǎn)7.冠詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：英語中冠詞只有三個(gè)，只能從以下幾個(gè)方向出題：1）不定冠詞a和an互改；2）不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改；3）根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。詳解：40.As everyone knows, it?s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 41.We may be one family and live under a same roof,

13、but-42.On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to doover a weekend. 43.I hope you?ve had pleasant journey home考點(diǎn)8.形容詞和副詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級(jí)等。1）根據(jù)adj.或adv.的基本用法確定錯(cuò)誤；2）修飾連系動(dòng)詞或名詞用形容詞；3）修飾行為動(dòng)詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個(gè)句子用副詞。詳解：44.I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 45.There have been repo

14、rts in Amera about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes. 46.Finding information on the Net is easily. 47.So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned. 48.My pronunciation was terribly . 49.They came back lately and had some tea. 考點(diǎn)9.非謂語動(dòng)詞命題特點(diǎn)改正方法：1）謂語

15、動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用；2）動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的錯(cuò)用；3）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的錯(cuò)用等。詳解：50.Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please. 51.My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. 52.Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to epress myself in simple English. 53

16、.We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. 54.Some students may also to save up for our college or future use. 短文改錯(cuò)口訣動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)，還要注意形和副；非謂語，細(xì)辨別，習(xí)慣用法要記??；句子成分多分析，邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注； 冠詞連詞常光顧詳解：一、動(dòng)詞形：主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。動(dòng)詞形常見錯(cuò)誤：1）一般過去時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)錯(cuò)用。2）第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用。第三人稱單數(shù)：Is/was2）and，but,or,also 前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致

17、。(具有對(duì)稱性）4）主謂不一致。5）缺少謂語動(dòng)詞1.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)缺少be動(dòng)詞2、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（am/is/are/was/were）6）主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)錯(cuò)用wash-is washed7）Used to 的運(yùn)用錯(cuò)誤二、名詞數(shù)：指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。改正方法：）根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份）根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系三、還要注意形和副：注意形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)題的?？键c(diǎn)。命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級(jí)等。根據(jù)adj 或adv的基本用法確定錯(cuò)誤；修飾系動(dòng)詞(am/is/are/was/were)或名詞

18、用形容詞；修飾行為動(dòng)詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個(gè)句子用副詞。四、非謂語，細(xì)辨別：這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，動(dòng)名詞和不定式錯(cuò)誤。1）不定式to do2）動(dòng)名詞doing作主語、賓語3）and 連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后一致（尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)）4）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別等五、習(xí)慣用法要記?。褐饕疾榱?xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。六、句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語境要選擇不同的詞語。只有對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。七、邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注：與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤，

19、如稱謂上的張冠李戴。八、冠詞連詞常光顧：?？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式有：連詞but，and，or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤，以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。四不改:標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改。大小寫不改。詞序錯(cuò)誤不改（不是不改，而是按錯(cuò)詞或少詞來改)。在綱外生詞不改。文中出現(xiàn)帶漢語注釋的詞，在句中不可能用錯(cuò)答案1（schoolmate改為schoolmates）2（stranger改為strangers）3（subject改為subjects）4（pture改為ptures）5（advantage改為advantages）6（ideas改為idea）7（hands改為hand）8(his改為their) 9( who?s改為whose)10

20、（them改為us）11（me改為myself）12（showed后加it）13（our改為their）14（me改為mine）15去掉about）16.（去掉at）17（去掉was后的in）18（with 改為about）19（with改為for）20（glass后加in）21（each后加of）22（did改為do）23（passes改為passed）24（reads改為read）25（talked改為talk）26.（take改為took）27.（have改為had）28.（but改為and）29.（and改為or）30（and改為but）31（but改為and）32（visiting改

21、為visited）33（reads改為read）34（noon后加when）35（that改為why）36（去掉that前的in）37（What改為How）38（去掉if）39（去掉that）40（famous前加a）41（a改為the）42（a改為the）43（had后加a）44（quietly改為quiet）45（person改為personal）46（easily改為easy）47（as改為than）48（terribly改為terrible）49（lately改為late）50（allow改為allows）51（make前加to）52（talk改為talking）53（visiting

22、改為visited）54（去掉to）英語短文改錯(cuò)（1）(一)When I walked into the classroom, the teacher was handing in the tests. I was feeling very nervous.I had studied at all at the weekendas I had thought it would be easy test.I went through the test for many timesbut I could only answer three out from the twenty questions

23、.I did not want to failthe eam.Then, I put my book under my desk, opening it and started lookingfor the answer.The teacher wasn"t looking at me, but I copied something. Suddenly, I felt a hand on my shoulder! The teacher caught me cheating.I don"tknow what to say.Luckily, the teacher did n

24、ot punish for cheating but insteadgave me a second chance. （二）I have a good friend who?s name is Liu Mei.She is our monitor and one ofthe ecellent students in our class.Clever as she is, but she words very hard. We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk .One evening she told methat something he

25、ned when her parents was out.She was doing her homeworksone Sunday morning when she smelt something burning.She sped look outof the dow and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbor?s house . She called 119 immediate.Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. Her neighbor was very

26、thankful for her help. （三）I often dream of a teacher, I dream of standing on the platform in the classroomand ve lessons to lovely boys and rls .I teach them, play with them, but watch them grog up.I am always young when I was staying with them.I know there is not easy to be a teacher.You have to le

27、arn in order to teach.Without enough knowledges,you can never learn well .What is more , you have to be friends with your pupils andtake good care of him.Only in this way can you be good teacher and respect from them.Though I am a student now, I will work as very hard to make my dream come true. （四）

28、It is a pleasure for me to write this letter to tell how much I enjoyed my stayin your whole family last week.This was my first visit to a English family. At first, I was worried about my poor English.And when I saw your wifeand children waiting for me with warm smile of welcome on their faces. I im

29、mediately knew that everything would be all right.There are many morehy memories of the week that I will keep them with me forever.I partularlyenjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the channg colorsof the leaves on the trees.I also like the fishing trip.It was such much fun. （五）I

30、still remember my middle school life in Tianjin yet.I was then in a schoolfor students from Tibet.As we were all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.We had to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us. However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly.We enjoyed our hy lif

31、e.At weekends, we would play basketball, swimming in the pool, or go for a pn.We were living in a big family.We treat each other as brothers and sisters.If any one of you had any diffultyin our life and study, the other would help him out.It has been five years when we graduated, but those memories

32、are as sweet as ever before. （六）During the summer of 201, I started read books in English, mostly stories. I would learn a lot of new words from these books, but I had terribly problemsmemorizing them.I had to look up to the same word many times, for whh wasquite troublesome.I realized I do need a w

33、ay to remember all this vocabulary. It was a great achievement for myself.I started writing down words from booksthat I read.I would come back from school, and then sit for an hour and two. I wrote down new words and added it to my collection.By the end of last year,my collection has grown to 3,000

34、words. （七）This is a story told by my father: “When I was boy, the most eciting thingwas when to celebrate the Spring Festival.My grandma was the best cookerin the world but could make the most delious dishes.One time, I just couldn?twait for the Spring Festival dinner.As I was about take a piece fro

35、m a cookedduck, I saw Grandma in the kitchen looking at me.Shake her head, she said,It isn"t a good time to do that, dear.? At once I apoloze and controlled meat my best till the dinner started.You know, that was a dinner we had waitedfor several month.”（八）There are advantage for students to wo

36、rk while study at school. One of them was that they can earn money.For the most part,students working to earn money for their own use.Earning theirown money allow them to spend on anything as if they please. They would have to ask their parents for money or for permission to do things by the money.S

37、ome students may also to saveup for our college or future use. （九）Dear Mr.Brown ,I am writing to thank you with your kind help.Before you came to teach us,I had not interest in English.My pronunciation was terribly.I couldonly speak a few words.But one and a half year later.I now think English fun t

38、o learn.I got a lot of from your encourang words.I will always remember what you said, “If you try to ,you can be No.1!” I hope you?ve had pleasant journey home and will come to China again sometimes in the future.I will write again and send you the photos we take together. Yours sincerely, Li Min（十

39、）Dear friends,It is real a good chance to have met all of you here.We have spent several precious weekend in learning in the English Club.Although we have been member for a short period of time, we have made a great progress.That is because we are all very much active and the activities are not only

40、 enjoyable and also helpful, Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to make the activities lively and interested.I am very pleased to say that all of us greatly improved our spoken English so far.I am looking forward to see allof you again in the near future!Thank you. 專練1答案（1）第一行：in改為out 第二行：had后加not 第三行：easy前加an；去掉for 第四行：from改為of 第五行：opening改為opened；answer改為answers第六行：