GMAT曼哈頓語法---精華匯總

1、曼哈頓sc總結Chap ter 1 Sentence Correcti on Basics1.一道例題Although William Pereira first gained n ati onal recog niti on for his movie set desig ns, in cludi ng those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations remember him as the architect for the Tran samerica Tower, the Malibu ca

2、mpus of Pepp erdi ne Uni versity and the city of Irv ine.A:i ncludi ng those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Win d",future gen erati onsB: like that for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Win d",future gen erati ons willC:like those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Win d",fu

3、ture gen eratio nsD: in cludi ng that for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Win d",future gen erati ons willE:i ncludi ng those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Win d",future gen erati ons will這道題用兩點split。1.1 GMAT規(guī)定，Like不能用于舉例；注意，在之后的說明中，曼哈頓說The GMAT used toclaim that like ' sim p

4、ly measimilar toand could not in troduce exa mpl es. However, the exam writers have moderated this hardli ne duty in p ublished explan ati ons. As a result, either including liksrlihood woukfechnically work in the sentence.1.2 GMAT規(guī)定，進行指代時，如果有單復數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換，不能用代詞指代，而應換作相對應的 名詞。2.做題時間一般不多于90秒鐘，理想狀況下，花費 60-75秒

5、。3.做題步驟細讀原文理解原文中作者本意，順帶看是否有錯誤出現(xiàn)。 如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，默默記下，以備之后作為排除依據(jù)；如未發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，不要留戀，只要保證理解了文字的字面意思和作者本意即可。 縱向掃描，找split不要讀選項，只是縱向?qū)ふ也煌c（sp lit ）?？淳涫缀途湮?，此兩處必有sp lit，不然畫線不會畫到它們。迅速找到多個split，找最容易區(qū)分的。選取最簡單split進行篩選所謂簡單，就是容易找/容易比較/容易決定。語法語義兩個角度來分析 選定第一個split用同一個split，去檢查其他選項是否也犯了同樣的錯誤3.23.33.43.53.13.6如此反復，一直剩下唯一一個選項3.7把選項帶

6、回原文，重讀，確定和原文匹配Chap ter 2 Grammar & Meaning1. 關于“簡潔”考生現(xiàn)在太過重視簡潔問題，導致 GMAT很愿意把錯誤選項弄得最毒。所以，一般來說， 不到萬不得已（比如，剩下兩個選項，沒有別的 split可用了），就不要用“簡潔”來做 sp lit2. 句義2.12.22.32.42.52.62.7分三部分： 選對詞；放在正確的位置；和周邊搭配 選對詞。此處給出了一些類似的詞組Economic (monetary) vs. economical (thrifty 節(jié)儉的,effectual) Aggravate (worsen) vs. aggrav

7、ating (irritating 使人惱怒的)Known as (n amed) vs. known to be (ack no wledged as)Loss of (no Ion ger in po ssessi on of) vs. loss in (decii ne in value)Man date (comma nd) vs. have a man date (have authority from voters)Native of (person from) vs. n ative to (sp ecies that origi nated in) Range of (vari

8、ety of) vs. ranging (vary ing)Rate of (sp eed or freque ncy of) vs. rates for (prices for)Rise (ge neral in crease) vs. raise (a bet or a salary in crease in America n En glish)Try to do (seek to acco mp lish) vs. try doing (ex perime nt with)GMAT 中，'hould '表示'moral obligati on '應當，而

9、非 likelihood '可能。In everyday speech, you can say The train should arrive now 'o mean that the train is likely to arrive now, but the GMAT doesn 'agree with this usage.放在正確的位置。同一個詞放在句子的不同位置上，表示的意思會很不一樣。關于倒裝：在可以順敘說話的時候，就避免使用倒裝。Check the overall word order forunn ecessary in versi ons. For

10、in sta nee, En glish n ormally puts subjects in front of verbs. Try to p reserve that order, which is n atural to the Ian guage.關于Redundancy: GMAT正確答案里，沒有一個詞是冗余重復的，每一個詞必定有其 存在的必要性。關于 Concision:Quite freque ntly, the right an swer will be a Ion ger choice that is grammatically correct and that clearl

11、y reflects the author 'intended meaning.If you have run out of grammar or meaning issues to apply and you are dow n to two choices, then choose the more con cise op ti on. Otherwise, do not thi nk about con cisi on.(make sense together)。Chapter 3 Subject-Verb Agreement1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.Additive Ph

12、rases:以下短語作為修飾語，不會改變助于的單復數(shù)Along with / in addition to / as well as / accompanied by / together with / including 只有an眼主語時，會把主語變成復數(shù)；而修飾語跟主語，不會改變單復數(shù)。Mathematics 是單數(shù)名詞 , 即使它跟了 -s; 同樣適用于其他學校課程 /一些運動項目 (e.g., aerobics 有氧運動 ) / 疾病 (e.g., diabetes).Or, either or, neither - nor 連接的兩個主語一單數(shù)一復數(shù)時，謂語的單復數(shù)形式采取就近原則。

13、集合名詞People: agency, army, audience, class, committee, crowd, orchestra, teamItems: baggage, citrus 橘類植物 , equipment, fleet, fruit, furnitureGMAT中，集合名詞多被認為是單數(shù)，所以多采用單數(shù)動詞來搭配。 在英式英語中，很多集合名詞一般會被看作復數(shù)，但不是在GMAT中。不定代詞5.1. Some, Any, None, All, Most/More -SANAM 以上五個不定代詞要根據(jù)上下文確定單復數(shù)。5.2. Not one '一直用單數(shù)形式： N

14、ot one of my friends IS here this weekend. Each and Every在 Each 或 Every 修飾主語時，此主語應當認作單數(shù)。Each dog and cat HAS paws.但是，跟在主語后面的 each 不會影響動詞格式。They each ARE great tennis players. Majority, minority and plurality 諸多 據(jù)不同上下文，可能是單數(shù)，也可能是復數(shù)。在不能確定單復數(shù)時，傾向于單數(shù)。Chapter 4 Parallelism1. 平行結構中，盡量做到精確平行，至少關鍵詞要平行。E.g.：

15、The employees were upset by the company 'lsow pay, poor working conditions , and shortage of outlets for employees 'creativity.2. 想強調(diào)一下，在做平行結構時，如果句子可以做到精確匹配，一定要做到。WRONG-The experiences we have when children influence our behavior in adulthood . RIGHT-The experiences in childhood influence ou

16、r behavior in adulthood .WRONG -Tobacco companies, shaken by a string of legal setbacks in the United States, but which retain strong growth prospects in the developing world, face an uncertain future.RIGHT -Tobacco companies, which have been shaken by a string of legal setbacks in the UnitedStates,

17、 but which retain strong growth prospects in the developing world, face an uncertain future.WRONG-Dr. Crock'cslaims have been not corroborated by other scientists or published in a prestigious journal but have nonetheless garnered a great deal of attention from the public. RIGHT-Dr. Crock' c

18、laims have not been corroborated 3.4.5.6.7.8.兩個從句中 ,經(jīng)常打都要帶上主從連詞 ,但是兩個主從連詞不一定相同 .There are many people WHO speak English BUT WHOSE parents do not. 不要過于緊縮任何元素 .要保證每一個元素都是完整的 .Ralph likes BOTH THOSE WHO are popular AND THOSE WHO are not. And 列表在連接兩個分句時 ,在 and 前可以選擇加入逗號 .尤其在分句都很長或者獨立性很強的時候 最好這樣做 .I real

19、ly like candy apples, AND I eat them often. 這也是個一個句子多組主謂的例子 .在排列并列成分時 ,應該將最長的一部分放在最后 . 帶有平行格式的習語As X, so YX is good, and so too is Y Consider X Y (注意,沒加 as) Declare X Y 注( 意 ,沒加 as) X Develops into YNot Only X (,) But Also Y (comma is optional) 連系動詞可被看作是主語和賓語并列的標識WRONG-The bouquet of flowers WAS a g

20、iving of love. 上面句子， bouquet 和 giving 被認為在結構上不平行。 Giving 可以換作 gift。Chapter 5 Pronouns1. Antecedent 先行詞必須和代詞在一起 make sense把先行詞放到代詞位置時 ,要能夠講得通 .WRONG - Although the term supercomputer'may sound fanciful or exaggerated, IT is simply an extremely fast mainframe that can execute trillions of calculat

21、ions every second. 講解 -supercomputer 'is mainframe 講不通 .RIGHT-Although the exaggerated, IT sim ply REFERS TQn永遠不要人為假設 ,一直要把先行詞放到代詞位置上 ,看是否合理 .2. This/that/these/thoseGMAT 中,永遠不會用 this/these 來指代名詞 .3.4.5.6.在用 that/those 指代的時候 ,必須加修飾語 ,以區(qū)分與先行詞的不同 . 此外,如果先行詞和現(xiàn)在 的 that/those 單復數(shù)不一致時 , 不能再用代詞指代 ,不許用名

22、詞重復先行詞的概念 . It/they指代時 ,指的就是同樣的那個東西 .一組 it 和 its 指的是同樣的東西 ;一組 they/them/their 指的是同樣的東西 . 除非被逼到墻角 ,否則不要用 ”代詞指代模糊 ”來排除選項 .在 GMAT 中 ,永遠不會出現(xiàn)代詞在沒有先行詞而獨立做主語的情況.Chapter 6 Modifier1.2.3.4.5.6.修飾時 ,用形容詞還是副詞 ,有時候會表達不同的意思 :WRONG - Max's grandmother is his supposed Irish ancestor.RIGHT-Max'sgra ndmother

23、 is his suppo sedly Irish an cestor. 常見的形容詞副詞易混淆的詞語有 :Corresponding, frequent, independent, rare, recent, seeming, separate, significant, supposed, and usual.修飾語與被修飾語 （名詞 ）,很多時候用逗號相隔 .對 opening modifiers 要關照有加 . 有時候 opening modifier 會在句子沒有準備好的情況下 ,出 現(xiàn)一長串的 opening modifier; 當然 ,這樣做不一定錯 .TOUCH RULE 名詞

24、和修飾語應當緊挨著彼此。 如果修飾語在，而被修飾語不在， 動詞和修飾語不一定緊挨著彼此。That 引導的從句，不能修飾人不然可能造成 Misplaced Modifier. 叫做 dangling modifier.people.that/whom 可以被省略。7.8.9.當被修飾的名詞是修飾語中的賓語時，RIGHT -The movie THAT we watched last Friday was scary. RIGHT- The movie we watched last Friday was scary.WHERE只能修飾具體名詞性質(zhì)的地點；不可用于修飾“抽象地點”，女口 condi

25、tion/situation/case/circumstances/arrangement. 修飾“抽象地點”只能用 IN WHICH.RIGHT-We had an arran geme nt IN WHICH he cooked and I clea ned.In which 可以替代 when 標點可用于區(qū)分 essential 和 non-essential 修飾語。 修飾語和名詞間有逗號，表 non-essential; 修飾語和名詞間無逗號，表essential。WRONG -People, who talk loudly on their cell phones in crowd

26、ed trains, show little respect for other passengers.RIGHT - People who talk - trainsshow little passengers1.2.3.4.5.6.去掉逗號 ,表示限制性 .而根據(jù)句義 ,此處確實應該是限制性定語從句 .10. WHICH只能引導從句去修飾其前的臨近名詞，永遠不會修飾前面的整個句子。這與我們之前學習的非限制性定語從句用WHICH引導有很大出入。11. Based on在口語中，經(jīng)常被用作because of的意思但在GMAT中,based on沒有'因為'的意思.Chapte

27、r 7 Verb Tense, Mood, & Voice? Verb Tense - 時態(tài)。體現(xiàn)動作發(fā)生在什么時候。? Verb Mood -語氣（陳述 indicative/ 虛擬 subjunctive ）。? Verb Voice -語態(tài)（主動 active/ 被動 passive）.? Verb Tense - 時態(tài)。體現(xiàn)動作發(fā)生在什么時候。GMAT不用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來。這被認為是口語化的colloquial。表將來，用一般將來時?，F(xiàn)在完成時，表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但：2.1. 延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；或者2.2. 仍適用于現(xiàn)在。WRONG -The child HAS DRAWN a

28、square in the sand, but the ocean HAS ERASED it.過去完成時，一般不用，除非必須使用過去完成時才能表現(xiàn)動作間的前后關系。 在使用過去完成時時，表示較近的過去的動作的成分不一定是一般過去時，也可以是一個 日期或者時間短語。RIGHT-By 1945, the Uni ted States HAD BEEN at war for several years. 在使用過去完成時時，有時候句子會比較靈活，不能拘泥于尋找過去時間點。要理解句義， 根據(jù)表達的時間點（而非形式上的時間點）來決定是否要使用過去完成時。RIGHT -The band U2 WAS j

29、ust one of many new groups on the rock music scene in the early 1980's, but less than ten years later, U2 HAD fully ECLIPSED its early rivals in the pantheon of popular music.? Verb Mood -語氣（陳述 indicative/ 虛擬 subjunctive ）虛擬語氣分兩種 -Hypothetical（前提假設）Subjunctive/Command Subjunctive前提假設型虛擬語氣 -Ifthe

30、 n結構（個人認為這個結構很有代表性，可以依此類推其他結構 中虛擬語氣的用法）6.1. General Rule with no uncertaintyIF Sophie EATS pizza, THEN she BECOMES ill.IF Present, THEN Present.6.2. General Rule with some uncertaintyIF Sophie EATS pizza, THEN she MAY BECOME ill.IF Present, THEN Can or May.10.6.3.646.5.Particular Case (in the future

31、) with no un certa intyIF Sop hie EATS p izza tomorrow, THEN she WILL BECOME ill.IF Prese nt, THEN Future.Uni ikely Case (in the future)IF Sop hie ATE p izza tomorrow, THEN she WOULD BECOME ill.IF Hypo thetical Subjun ctive, THEN Co nditio nal.Case That Never Happened (in the p ast)IF Sop hie HAD EA

32、TEN p izza yesterday, THEN she WOULD HAVE BECOME ill.IF Past Perfect, THEN Co nditio nal Perfect.任意見到的IF-THEN結構，都要遵循以上五種結構之一。WOULD和SHOULD永遠不會出現(xiàn)在IF部分中。7.命令型虛擬語氣：7.1. 在表示愿望時，必須使用命令式虛擬語氣的動詞：Demand/dictate/insist/mandate/propose/recommend/request/stipulate(規(guī)定 /講明)/suggestRIGHT-We dema nd THAT HE BE here

33、.7.2. 只能用不定式的動詞：Advise/allow/forbid/persuade/wa ntRIGHT-We allow HIM TO BE here.7.3. 能用命令式虛擬預期或者不定式的動詞：Ask/beg/intend/order/prefer/urge/require ( 要特別注意 require)RIGHT-We require THAT HE BE here. OrWe require HIM TO BE here.7.4. 注意 suggestRIGHT-Her presence suggests that she is happy.此處 suggest 意思是 &q

34、uot;意味著"，而非祈使 語氣。His注意一些表達同樣意思的動詞的名詞/形容詞格式，可以同樣使用虛擬語氣。例如：dema nd that - -/it is esse ntial that 語義為王！ ！? Verb Voice -語態(tài)（主動 active/ 被動 passive）&9.被動只能用BE動詞，不能用其他動詞，比如GET不要歧視被動語態(tài)，不要用主被動來剔除選項。當你必須在主動和被動之間做出猜測的話，猜被動。因為很可能是一些別的遺漏了其他的 sp lit。在句子中，主被動平行出現(xiàn)時，認為是平行的。RIGHT-The shuttle launch TOOK plac

35、e flawlessly and WAS SEEN on television.WRONG -New regulations require that every cyclist in the Tour de France has to be tested for p erforma nce-e nhancing substa nces.RIGHT - New regulations require that every cyclist in the Tour de France be tested for performanceenhancing substa nces.文中用了命令型虛擬語

36、氣，已經(jīng)強調(diào)了test的必須性。因此，has to就變得多余了。Chap ter 8 Comp aris ons1.2.3.4.Like用于比較名詞或名詞短語As用于比較分詞短語，作為介詞或者連詞。 比較句，互相之間必須在結構上平行。WRONG like to run through forests more tha n I enjoy walki ng through crowds. RIGHT-I like running through forests more tha n walk ing through crowds.省略語句比較結構中，可以省略量詞/動詞/甚至整個短語，只要保證句子

37、沒有歧義就行. 但有時GMAT也會允許本可省略的輔助性動詞出現(xiàn).RIGHT -Apples are more healthy to eat than caramels.RIGHT -Apples are more healthy to eat than caramels are.因此,不要因為能省略的語句沒有省略而舍棄某一答案.比較時，必然要有than.Chap ter 9 Idioms1. P145-190的正確句子，多讀.培養(yǎng)語感.2. 一些特別值得注意的句子：（除特別說明，都是正確句子）IT APPEARS THAT the di no saurs WERE smart.AS we di

38、d last year, we will win this year.AS you p ractice, SO shall you pl ay.JUST AS you p ractice, SO shall you p lay.JUST AS the trai ns were late yesterday, the buses are late today.JUST AS the trains were late yesterday, SO TOO are they late today.He ASKED THAT she GO to the store.虛擬語氣）-WRONG -He ASK

39、ED THAT she SHOULD GO to the store.The verdict was BASED ON the evide nee.-WRONG -BASED ON the evidenee, the jury reached a verdict.BY SHINING, the sun makes plan ts grow.Pla nts grow, FOR the sun shi nes. （grammatically correct but very formal）BEING in fected does not make you sick.The judges saw t

40、he horses BEING led to the stables.-WRONG -BEING and advocate of reform, I would like to make a different proposal.BEING經(jīng)常是 wordy or awkward，但基于此，GMAT很愿意出一些包含 being的正確選項。 因此，只有在 100%確定其他選項錯誤的情況下，才選擇being 作為正確選項。The protest BEGAN a movement. (=caused)IT IS BELIEVED THAT Gary IS right.WITHIN the BORDE

41、RS of a cou ntry-WRONG TN the BORDERS of a country/INSIDE the BORDERS of a countryALTHOUGH a frequent napper, I STUDY effectively. (ALTHOUGH!面一般跟分詞短語)I have ONE CHANCE IN A THOUSAND OF WINNING tonight.They CLAIM THAT they CAN read minds.They CLAIM TO BE ABLE TO read minds.GMAT中不區(qū)分傳統(tǒng)意義上的 COMPARE TC強調(diào)

42、共同點)和COMPARE WITH強調(diào)不同點)的 區(qū)別。He CONCEIVES OF architecture AS a dialogue.They CONTEND THAT they can decipher the code.The danger will CONTINUE TO GROW.She was CONVINCED THAT she had been robbed.Hugo CREDITS Sally WITH good taste.Sally IS CREDITED WITH good taste.We ARE IN DANGER OF FORGETTING the past

43、.My friend 'sreputation DECLINED.They DEMANDED THAT the store BE closed.Their DEMAND THAT the store BE closed was not met.The executive DEVELOPED her idea INTO a project.The idea DEVELOPED INTO a project.We DO NOT DOUBT THAT the apples are ripe.We HAVE NO DOUBT THAT the apples are ripe.She DOUBT

44、S WHETHER Jan will arrive on time.(GMAT要求在使用 DOUBT的肯定句(沒有 NOT/N O)中，后面要跟 WHETHER/IF/THAT) The economy is MORE fragile THAN EVER BEFORE.We enjoyed the film TO some EXTENT.The criminals ARE AT FAULT FOR BREAKING the law.The law FORBIDS any citizen TO VOTE twice.His HELP IN RAKING the leaves has been w

45、elcome.The law HOLDS THAT jaywalking亂穿馬路)is illegal.I can eat ice cream, PROVIDED THAT my doctor approves. (= ONLY IF)A report INDICATES THAT unique bacteria LIVE on our skin.We eat out often; FOR INSTANCE, last week we ate out every night.I went with the INTENT (or INTENTION) OF LEAVING soon.I went

46、 with the INTENT TO LEAVE soon.These groups often INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER (or EACH OTHER).Old gadgets ARE LACKING IN features.Old gadgets LACK features.My spouse HAS MISTAKEN me FOR a wealthier person.The kangaroo is NATIVE TO Australia. (said of animals, plants)My friend is a NATIVE OF Australia.

47、 (said of people)We wore NOT ONLY boots(, ) BUT ALSO sandals. (comma is optional)We wore NOT JUST boots BUT ALSO sandals.His emotions RANGED FROM anger TO joy.The government imposed RESTRICTIONS ON the price of gasoline.The sauce was SO hot AS TO burn my mouth. GMAT在 此搭配上不具一貫性。一般認為這個 搭配是正確的，但需謹慎。Bel

48、lbottoms ARE coming back in style, and SO TOO ARE vests. We SUBSTITUTED parmesan cheese FOR mozzarella.Craters have been seen ON THE SURFACE OF the moon.This paper is NO LESS impressive THAN that one.She THINKS OF them AS heroes.She IS THOUGHT TO BE secretly wealthy.They WILL TRY TO BUILD a company.

49、 (= intent or purpose)We TRIED BREAKING the door down. (= experiment)Naomi wrote ten letters, DOUBLE THE NUMBER THAT Sara wrote.I do not know WHETHER I will go.-SUSPECFI do not know WHETHER OR NOT I will go注 意！ WHETHER OR NO不推薦Chapter 10 Odds & Ends1.2.3.4.5.6.并列連詞： (Coordinating Conjunctions)An

50、d/but/or/for/nor/yet/so 不要用(逗號+a nd)來分割公用同一主語的動詞。分號分開的兩個句子是彼此獨立的，而且從邏輯關系上來講是平衡的 本意是一個分句與另一個分句是從屬關系，則不可用分號。分號另一個用途是：分隔開各自內(nèi)部有逗號出現(xiàn)的小組。RIGHT-I liste n to Earth, Wind & Fire; Wow, Owls; and Blood, Sweat & Tears.冒號前的句子一定要是個完整句；冒號后面不一定是完整句。冒號后面可以跟 namely 或者 that is。修飾可數(shù)名詞：Number of hats; numerous h

51、ats; more numerous hats修飾不可數(shù)名詞：Amount of patienceLess than twenty dollars -強調(diào)的是小于 20美金這個價值 Fewer than twenty dollars -強調(diào)的是少于 20美金的張數(shù)/并列的。如果作者7.Cha pter 11 GM/S-V/Parallelism: Extra1.2.3.4.5.6.7.簡潔程度：動詞 > 形容詞 > 名詞That從句（有動詞）> 名詞短語（只有名詞）Idea類型的名詞,很多會跟that從句（其中是個完整的句子）: 這類名詞有：Hyp othesis/idea/

52、suggestio n/belief/discovery/evide nee/in dicati on/re port 副詞 >介詞短語TO A COMPARABLE EXTENT > COMPARABL Y此外在檢查簡潔性時，要著重看be動詞，一般be動詞會有冗余問題. 形容詞 > 帶be的形容詞短語強調(diào)句在GMAT中不存在：WORD Y-IT IS without fear THAT childre n should play.Better -Children should play without fear.9.10.除非介詞是of,不然不要考慮去掉該介詞短語.A wa

53、ll OF stone 和 A stone wall 都可以SOLDIER FROM BOSTC可以但 BOSTON SOLDIE不可以一般，地點名詞不可用名詞做形容詞來修飾.在修飾time Period/quantity/measurement的時候，不能去掉 of引導的修飾語。永遠不要用 possessive( or s'來修飾 measurement。Reporting Verb后面的THAT不能省略這樣的verb有：Indicate/claim/contend( 聲稱)/report/agree/declare/find/reveal/rule(裁定)/show.Announ

54、ce/assert/believe/c on fess/dem on strate/doubt/ex pect/hold/k no w/me ntio n/observe/pr oclaim/reas on/recog ni ze/re peat/state/thi nk/war n.Be convinced/be certain/be assured 但是呢，say不一定帶that具體名詞(con Crete nouns)和動作名詞(Action nouns)不可平行 具體名詞：rock/c ontinen t/electr on/p oliticia n/regi on/holiday/w

55、eek 動作名詞：erup tio n/p olluti on/no mi natio n/withdrawal/develo pmen t/cha nge/growth11.動名詞的平行結構11.1. 簡單動名詞 simpie gerund phraseTracking satellites accurately is important for the space agency.11.2. 復雜動名詞 complex gerund phraseThe accurate track ing of satellites is imp orta nt for the sp ace age ncy

56、.11.3. 簡單動名詞不能跟復雜動名詞并列WRONG T enjoyed drinking the water AND the wine tasting.RIGHT-I enjoyed drinking the water AND tastin g the wine.11.4. 只有復雜動名詞能夠跟動作名詞并列WRONG -the rebels dema nded the withdrawal of gover nment forces from dis pu ted regi ons, sig nifica nt reducti ons in overall troop levels, raising the rebel flag on holidays, AND a general pardon.RIGHT-the rebels levels, THE RAISING OF the rebel flag on：但是，在某動名詞相對應的名詞存在的情況下，不能用該動名詞；而應該用名詞！WRONG - the RELEASING of certain political prisonersRIGHT-t