一般過(guò)去時(shí)的講解

1、1, 一般過(guò)去時(shí)(1) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的概念、結(jié)構(gòu)以及用法一般過(guò)去時(shí)用來(lái)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)以及過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式,常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如yesterday昨天、last night 昨晚、last week 上周、last year 去年,等.一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).在句子中由主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式來(lái)表達(dá).1,He walks to school.( 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))2,He walked to school.( 一般過(guò)去時(shí))例1.中的動(dòng)詞 walks時(shí)現(xiàn)在式,由于主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)he,因此原因的walk必須加上 “s,表示目前習(xí)

2、慣性、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作.可譯為“他現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常步行上 學(xué).例2.中的動(dòng)詞walked是過(guò)去式,過(guò)去式是表達(dá)過(guò)去事情的動(dòng)詞形式,所以這句話時(shí)表示的是過(guò)去的某時(shí),例如昨天、上周或?qū)W生時(shí)代等過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間,這句可譯為“他曾經(jīng)步行上學(xué).(2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)1. be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式am與is的過(guò)去式是 wasare的過(guò)去式是 werebe動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)的句型如下：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(was were ) 否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(was, were ) + not 疑問(wèn)句：be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(was, were ) +主語(yǔ)?O He was busy yesterday.( 肯定句)他昨天很

3、忙.O He was not busy yesterday.( 否認(rèn)句)他昨天不忙.OWas he busy yesterday?( 疑問(wèn)句)他昨天忙嗎？(1) be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定句麥克去年在美國(guó).Mike was in the United States last year.be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式： There is (are )的句型用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)需把is , are變?yōu)樗鼈兊倪^(guò)去式：There was (were) (2) be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的否認(rèn)句He was not in Canada last year.他去年不在加拿大.be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的否認(rèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)和現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣,只要在be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去

4、式(was, were )后面加上not就可以了.否認(rèn)式的 was not , were not 大多使用縮寫形式 wasn't和weren' t .I wasn ' t busy the other day.前幾天我不 忙.(3) be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句(一般疑問(wèn)句)Was it raining in Beijing yesterday?Yes, it was.No, it wasn ' t. I t was cloudy.昨天北京下雨了嗎？是的,下了不,沒(méi)下雨.昨天北京陰天.be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣,只要把be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 was,

5、were調(diào)到主語(yǔ)前面即可. was (were ) + 主語(yǔ)？答復(fù)時(shí),需要用 Yes,was (were). 或 No wasn' t (weren ' t)Was your father free this morning?今天上午你爸爸有空嗎？Yes, he was . 是的,他有空.No, he wasn ' t. 不,他沒(méi)空.練習(xí)題一、 用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Iat school just now.2.Heat the camp last week.3.We students two years ago.4.They _on the farm a mome

6、nt ago.5. Yang Ling eleven years old last year.6. There an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone on the sofa yesterday evening.2.一般動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的根本句型如下:肯定句： 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式否認(rèn)句： 主語(yǔ)+ did not + 動(dòng)詞原形疑問(wèn)句：Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？O He played tennis last week.(肯定句他上周打網(wǎng)了.

7、O He did not play tennis last week.否認(rèn)句 上周他沒(méi)打網(wǎng)球.O Did he play tennis last week?疑問(wèn)句上周他打網(wǎng)球了嗎?規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式-edostartf started visit f visitedpull-pulled, cook-cook1一般情況下,在動(dòng)詞原形后面加 look f looked play fplayeded2 .以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾直接加 -d.live flived use fused taste-tasted3 .以輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先將 y改為i,再加-edostudy fstudi

8、ed try ftried fly f flied4 .以重讀閉音節(jié)即輔音十元音+輔音 或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞, 要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后,再加-edostop f stopped plan f planned prefer f preferred那么什么是重讀閉音節(jié)？必須是重讀音節(jié)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾元音字母發(fā)短音總結(jié)來(lái)說(shuō)就是：一元一輔,又重又短例子：beg drag drop drip 滴下5.不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式需特殊記憶.(1)把動(dòng)詞原形中的i改為a,變成過(guò)去式.如：beginbegan , drink drank , give gave, ring rang , sin

9、g sang, sitsat, swimswam(2)把重讀開(kāi)音節(jié) 中的i改為o,變成過(guò)去式.如：drive drove, ride rode, write wrote(3)改動(dòng)詞原形中的aw /ow為ew,變成過(guò)去式.如：draw drew , grow grew , knowknew , throw threw (動(dòng)詞 show 除夕卜, showshowed)(4)動(dòng)詞原形中的e改為o,變成過(guò)去式.如：get got, forget - forgot(5)動(dòng)詞原形中的ee改為e,變成過(guò)去式.如：feedfed, meet met(6)動(dòng)詞原形中的eep改為ept,變成過(guò)去式.如：keep

10、kept, sleepslept, sweepswept(7)動(dòng)詞原形中的eak改為oke,變成過(guò)去式.如：breakbroke, speak spoke(8)動(dòng)詞原形中的ell改為old,變成過(guò)去式.如：sell sold, tell told(9)動(dòng)詞原形中的an改為oo,變成過(guò)去式.如：stand stood, understandunderstood(10)以ought和aught結(jié)尾,且讀音是：t的過(guò)去式.如：bring brought, buy bought, think thought, catchcaught, teach- taught(11)以ould結(jié)尾且讀音為ud的情態(tài)

11、動(dòng)詞 過(guò)去式.如：cancould, shall should, will would(12)把動(dòng)詞原形中的 .改為a,變成過(guò)去式.如：come came, become became(13)在動(dòng)詞原形后加 d或t變成過(guò)去式,并且發(fā)生音變.如：hear heard, mean meant(14)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與動(dòng)詞原形一樣.如：letlet, mustmust, putput, readread, costcost, cut cut, hit hit, put put, hurthurt(15)不符合上述規(guī)律的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式.如：am, iswas,are were ,build built , d

12、o did ,eat ate,fall fell,feel felt, find found, fly flew , gowent, have/has had,hold held,leave left, makemade,maymight,run ran,see saw,taketook,say said 1.一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的肯定句昨天我們過(guò)得很愉快.昨天他過(guò)得很快樂(lè).We had a good time yesterday.He had a good time yesterday.一般過(guò)去時(shí)沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化.因此,主語(yǔ)即使是單數(shù)、第三人稱,也和其他人稱 一樣化.OI watched TV

13、for an hour.我看了一個(gè)小時(shí)的電視.O She studied Russian two years ago.兩年前他學(xué)俄語(yǔ).2. 一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的否認(rèn)句We did not have a good time yesterday.昨天我們過(guò)得不好.一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的否認(rèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)夠定句的結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,不管主語(yǔ)是第幾人 稱,還是單、復(fù)數(shù),在主語(yǔ)后面加上 did not而不是do not ,或does not 就可以了.否認(rèn)式did not常用縮寫形式didn ' t .OHe didn ' t have classes this morning.今天上午他沒(méi)課 .OY

14、ou didn ' t do your best to do it.你沒(méi)有盡力去做.3. 一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句Did he go there?他去那了 嗎？Yes, he did. No, he didn ' t . 是的,他去了.不,他沒(méi)去.When did you get up this morning?At six. 今天早晨你幾點(diǎn)鐘起床的？六點(diǎn)鐘.一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是 第幾人稱,單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù),在主語(yǔ)前面加上did即可.O Did Tom go with you? 湯姆和你一起去的嗎？Yes, he did . No,

15、 he didn ' t .是的.不,不是的O How many subjects did you study last term?上學(xué)期你們學(xué)習(xí)幾門功課？We studied seven. 我們學(xué)習(xí)七門課.比擬一般動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)肯定句 I go .He goes . I went .He went .否認(rèn)句 I don ' t go .He doesn ' t go . I didn ' t go . He didn ' t go .疑問(wèn)句e go ?Do you go -?Does he go Did you go -?Di

16、d h（3） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的幾種用法1 .帶有確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要用過(guò)去時(shí)如：yesterday 昨天,two days ago兩天前,last year去年.,the other day 前幾天,once upon a time 過(guò)去曾經(jīng) ,just now剛剛,in the olddays 過(guò)去的日子里,before liberation解放前,when I was 8 years old 當(dāng)我八歲時(shí).2 .表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作.常與always, never等連用.O Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太過(guò)去老是帶著一把傘.只

17、是說(shuō)明她過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,不說(shuō)明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著 傘.O Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是帶著傘.說(shuō)明這是她的習(xí)慣,說(shuō)明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘.3 .有些句子,雖然沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),但實(shí)際上是指過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存 在的狀態(tài)的話,也要用過(guò)去時(shí),這一點(diǎn),我們要特別注意.OI didn ' t know you were in Pairs.我不知道你在巴黎.由于在說(shuō)話時(shí),我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了.這句話指的是說(shuō)話前,所以只能用過(guò)去時(shí)表示.實(shí)際上,這句話暗指：But now I know you are here. OI thoug

18、ht you were ill.我以為你病了呢.這句話應(yīng)是在說(shuō)話前,我以為你病了,但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒(méi)病.練習(xí)題一、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空1. He live in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat eat a bird last night.3. We have a party last Halloween. 44. Nancy pick up oranges on the farm last week.5. I make a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They play chess in the classroom last

19、PE lesson.7. My mother cook a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls dance at the party last night.9. I watch a cartoon on Saturday last week.10. you(visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?11. he(fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he.12. Gao Shan(put) up the picture last night.13. I(sweep) the floor yesterday.14. 14. What she(find) in the garden last morning?15.