完整版非謂語的用法總結(jié)

1、非謂語動詞的用法總結(jié)李靖非謂語動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞不是真正意義上的謂語動詞,在句中都不能單獨作謂 語.但都具有動詞的某些特點,可以有自己的賓語或狀語,構(gòu)成非謂語動詞短語.不定式表目的, 表將來；動名詞表主動,表進行；過去分詞表被動,表完成.作主語動名詞、不定式、過去分詞前面加being,動名詞做主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)1不定式、動名詞都可做主語,但是動名詞做主語多指抽象的概念性的動作,可以是屢次的經(jīng)常的行為；不定式多表示具體的動作,尤其是某一次的動作.如：Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危險.泛指玩火To play with fire will be dange

2、rous 玩火會發(fā)生危險.2用動名詞做主語的句型：It s no use/no gpOealsure doing sth故沒有用處/好處/樂趣It s a waste of time doingsth 浪費時間It is worth doing sth直得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收It is worth making an appointment before you go. 之前預(yù)約一下是值得的.3不定式做主語的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比較：表示人的品質(zhì)時只能用 of sb 如 consid

3、erate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/WTong 出 現(xiàn) 時.It is silly of you to say so.It is important for us to learn English well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.4) “Wh- + to不定式可做主語.如：

4、When to leavehasH t been decided yet.么時候動身還沒定呢.Whether to drive or take the trains still a problem是自駕車還是乘火車仍是一個問題.5)一般情況下：不定式和動名詞作主語：謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式.如：Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe見為實.Planting flowers needs constant watering.但and連接的多個動名詞作主語,謂語動詞大多用復(fù)數(shù)(如果前后動名詞的語義一致,謂語一般用單數(shù)).如：Lying and steali

5、ng are immoral說謊與盜竊是不道德的.6)動名詞前面可以加卜形容詞悴物力代詞構(gòu)成動名詞的角合結(jié)構(gòu).如：What made him angry?Mary s /My/His/He/Their/ The boy s/ The president(laariBrhjiiatoigry.7)過去分詞不能單獨做主語,前面必須加上 being構(gòu)成動名詞,做主語.如：Being_exposed_to_the_s|jsiharmful to the skinBeing examined twice a yeawhether it is a car, a bus or a trdck, is the

6、 rule that every driver must obey in this city經(jīng)典練習(xí)：1. It s important for the figures(update) regularly.2. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times whensitbetter(remain) silent.3. It s really stupid of you(tell) him the news yesterday so it has been disturbing him all the time.4. (under

7、stand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.5. (worry) about your grades dodsn help.6. The engine just wont start. Something seems(go) wrong with it.參考答案:1. to update 2. to remain 3. to have told 4. understanding 5. worrying 6.to

8、 go 改錯題：一個句子最多有一處錯誤1. Its standard practice for a company like this one employ a security officer.2. Hear how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.3. Know basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.4. Do well in an interview will be an im

9、portant part of getting a place at university.5. He told us whether have a picnic was still under discussion.6. How prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.參考答案：1.在 employ 前加 to 2. Hear 改為 Hearing 3. Know 改為 Knowing4. Do 改為 Doing 5. have 前加 to 6. prevent前加 to.二作定語1) 作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞,或者不

10、定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、 工具等,不定式后面需要有相應(yīng)的介詞,如：The Browns have a comfortable house live in2) 用不定式作定語的幾種情況：a. 不定式表將來如: The car to be bought is for his sister.b. 用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no, all, any the only等限定的中央詞,且與中央詞為邏輯 上的主動關(guān)系,如：He was the best marto do the job.She wasthe first womanto win the gold medal in the O

11、lympic Games.c. 有些名詞的同根詞常跟不定式,因而它們也常跟不定式做定語,常見的有： promise, plan, attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety, eagerness, willingness, readineSSI don t trust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no plan to go there.He made an attempt to stand up.Birds singi

12、ng is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.3) 前置定語：V+ing可以表示正在進行,也可以表示特征；過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成或狀態(tài)請 區(qū)別下面短語：the boiling/ boiled water.正沸騰的水(表正在進行)/白開水(表完成) a good-looking flower. 一朵好看的花兒(表特征)the developing countries/ the developed countrie開展中國家/興旺國家the falling leaves / the fallen leave!在下落的葉子 /落葉the r

13、emaining money/ the money le函下的錢注意：英語中有些表示感覺的動詞,其現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示“令人感到.的,過去分詞形式 表示“感到.的如：an exciting voice個令人興奮的聲音an excited voice 個興奮的聲音a puzzling expression 一個令人困惑的表情a puzzled expression個困惑的表情4) 區(qū)別以下后置定語的用法：r to be done表示被動、將來；done表示被動、完成；S being done表示被動、正在進行；v+ing表示主動；動詞的系表結(jié)構(gòu)直接去掉動詞be;如果是不及物動詞或者是感官系動詞sou

14、nd/taste/ feel/ smell/ look變化系動詞就只有用V+ing形式.Have you read the noveW ritten by Dickens?Listen! The songbeing sungs very popular with students.The questionto be discussed tomorrow s meeting is a very important one.The food tasting deliciou sells well.注意：不定式在后置定語中只表示將來,不表目的；having dong或者 having been do

15、ne般用在狀語中,不可以做后置定語,過去分詞本身就表被動和完成.請完成下面的練習(xí)1. There are many people(wait) outside the hall.2. There are many problems( remain) to be solved.3. The flowers(smell) sweet attract a lot of people.4. There are many people(invite) to the party.5. The film,(set) in the fbcentury, won the medal.6. The meeting(

16、hold) now is of great importance.7. The meeting(hold) yesterday was of great importance.8. The meeting(hold) tomorrow is of great importance.9. He is always the first(come) and the last(leave)10. He is the only person(know) the truth.11. He was the best(do) the job.13. A great number of students(que

17、stion) said they were forced to practice the piano.14. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter(offer) it to him.15. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope(provide)16. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds(stay) away.17

18、. The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stand in one corner.18. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail(wait) for her.19. They might just have a place(leave) on the writing cowwhy don t you give it a try?20. In some languages, 100 words make up half o

19、f all words(use) in daily conversations.21. Volunteering gives you a chancechange lives, including your own.參考答案:1.waiting 2.remaining3. smelling 4.invited 5. set6.being held 7.held 8. to be held 9. to come 10. to leave 11.to know 12.to do 13. questioned 14. offering 15. provided 16. to stay 17. sta

20、nding 18. waiting 19. lef20. used 21. to leave 22. to change三. 作表語不定式/動名詞/過去分詞都可以做表語1. 動名詞作表語表示抽象的概念性的動作,可以是屢次的經(jīng)常性的行為；不定式多表示具體 的動作,尤其是某一次的動作 例如：比較以下區(qū)別His favorite sport is swimming.位才旨游泳Your task today is to wash the curtains!一次具體的工作2 .excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puz

21、zled/tiild|J exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/puzzling/tirMHe is moved by the moving movie.The film is moving.It is a pleasant trip. pleasant 做前置定語The trip is pleasing .pleasing 做 表語3. 注意下歹U表達方式： My bag is missing/ lost/ gone. I find my bag missing/lost/gone.4. rema

22、in的表語1remain to be doneQ5需去做眉待于One problemremians to be solved.It remians to be seewhether the operation was successful.2 remain做仍然是講時,可用名詞,adj,介詞,現(xiàn)在分詞或者過去分詞作表語He remained stuck 滯留abroadPeter became a manager, but Jaekained a worker.Whatever achievements you ,ve made, yom ahouihobdest.無論你取得多么大的成就, 你

23、都該保持謙虛.He had toremain in hospitauntil he was better他不得不一直住院直到身體好些. This solid stone square tower hademained standingor one thousand years.The guests came in, but shemained sitting/seateat the desk reading人們都來了,但她還As before, heremained unmoved 他和以往一樣無動于衷.注意：1用作不及物動詞,意思是 剩下；剩余；遺留,此時不能用進行時態(tài),也沒有被 動語態(tài).A

24、fter the fire, very little remained of his housed災(zāi)過后,他的家所剩無幾.2remaining是形容詞,意為 剩余的,常作前置定語；而left那么只能作后置定語.例如: There are still some apples leftE 剩余一些蘋果.I bought a gift for her with the remaining moneys 用剩余的錢給她買了一件禮物.3remain作名詞時表示 剩余物丁般用其復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如：The archeologists found some remains of the Song DynObty

25、學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了 一些宋 代遺跡.5. 1主語+ seem +to be +表語,表語多為名詞或形容詞Tom seems to be a very clever bo湯姆看上去是一個非常聰明的男孩.The man over there seems to be a new teache邊的那個人看上去像一個新老2主語 + seem to do sthbe doing sthhave done sthMrs. Green doesn t seems not to like the ide掐林夫人似乎不太喜歡這個主意. The children seemed to be eating something

26、in the room?們好似正在房間里吃東西呢. The young man seemed to have changed muCh個年輕人看起來變化很大.6.當(dāng)不定式用作表語時,其中的to原那么上是不能省略的.如：His aim is to do two years 他otkinbifir年干兩年的工作.但有一種例外,那就是當(dāng)主語局部有動詞do的某種形式時,用作表語的不定式可以省略to.What you first do is to mix the egg with flour你先得把雞蛋和面粉和好.All I did was to touch the window, and it bro

27、ket只不過碰了一下窗戶,玻璃就碎了經(jīng)典練習(xí)1. My worry is yourrely too much on your parents.2. Please remainseat; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.3. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connect答案：l.relying 2.seated 3.connected四. 作賓語不定式和動名詞都可以

28、作賓語1. 只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞和短語考慮、建議和原諒,成認(rèn)、推退沒得想像預(yù)防、繼續(xù)練,否認(rèn)完成停感謝不禁止介意準(zhǔn)逃亡consider考慮；advise/suggest/propose/recommeid; excuse/pardort諒；admit/acknowledg照認(rèn)；delay/postpone/put o械遲；imagine/fancy像；avoid 預(yù)防； practise 練習(xí)；deny否認(rèn);finish優(yōu)成;appreciate/acknowledgl謝；forbid 隙止;mind介意;escape 脫；此外,這些動詞也跟動名詞：miss錯過；enjoy 享受；risk

29、何險；tolerate/bear/stand/put up with容忍;quit停止advocate提倡;resist 反抗understand理解;allow/permit優(yōu) 許短語：feel like doing sth喜歡做某事；give up doing放棄做某事；keep doing停的做某事;be busy doing sth pan t hedging sth 情不自禁；be worth doing sth得做某事；have difficulty/trouble doing sth.有困難 /麻煩;have a hard/good time doing sth.很開心 / 不開

30、心；have fun doing sth 做.很開心 succeed in doing sth功做某事句型：It is no use/good /pleasure doing tth.沒有用處 / 好處 / 樂趣There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do sth5 要做某事It s a waste of time doing sth .浪費時間It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= be worth do

31、ing sth值得做某事2. 只能用不定式作賓語的動詞決心學(xué)會想希望,拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝 主動容許選方案,同意請求幫一幫 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help,afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten夕卜的單詞 She pretended not to see me when I passed by. We agreed to meet he

32、re but so far she haturned up yet.3. forget go on mean, regret, remember, stop, try等動詞或詞組可帶動名詞或不定式作賓 語,但意義上有區(qū)別.forget to do sth forget doing sthgo on to do sth go on doing sthmean to do sth mean doing sthregret to say/tell/inform/announceregret doing sth/having doneremember to do sth remember doing

33、sthstop to do sth stop doing sthtry to do sth try doing sthcant help to do sth ctahelp doing sthcant help but do sth =cati but do sth sb used to do sth sb be used to doing sthsth be used to do sthbe afraid to do st床敢做某事 be afraid of doing sth!心發(fā)生某事 be sure to do s時定會.be sure of doing sth信會. Let s go

34、 on studying Lesson6k我們繼續(xù)學(xué)第六課.說明前面已學(xué)了一局部. Let s go on to study Lesson 讓我們接著學(xué)第六課.說明前面已學(xué)了第五課. I remember doing the exercise.我記得做過練習(xí). I must remember to do it.我必須記著做這事. I tried not to go there.我設(shè)法不去那里. I tried doing it again.我試著又干了一次. Stop speaking.不要講話. He stopped to talk.他停下來講話.I mean to come early t

35、oday.我打算今天早些來. Missing the train means waiting for another ho ut誤 了這趟火車意味著再等一個小時4. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit等動詞后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語,如果后面有名詞或代詞作 賓語,其后用動詞不定式作賓語補足語：Flow /advise/forbid/permit sb to do sth allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth We don t allow smoking here. We don t allow students to smoke.動詞

36、need require want作需要解,其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作 賓語表示事情需要做,這時,動名詞的主動式表示被動意義.be worth后必須用動名詞的主動 形式來表示被動意義.Sth |need/ want/require doing / to be done 要.Sth be worth doing 值得 .deserve to be done/ doing.值得.The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.Her method is worth trying.These proposals des

37、erve considering/ to be considered.建議應(yīng)該被考慮.5. to為介詞的應(yīng)Tdevote oneself/ on缶 time to 巴.奉獻給.； look forward to 期望；pay attention to正意； attach importance to 重視；be used/accustomed toE慣于做某事;when it comes to肖談至M故某事;get down to著手；prefer doing sth to doing sth喜歡.而不喜歡；turn to doing sthr向；thanks to 彭 虧;lead to 導(dǎo)致

38、;the key to doing sth 做某事的關(guān)鍵;object to/be opposed to附;contribute to 有助于；be addicted to doing sthff于；對.上癮；make contributions to.做出奉獻； due to 由于；apply oneself tol力于；stick to 堅持；come close to 接近于等后的 動詞也必須用動名詞形式,例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon.6. 不定式做動詞詞組tell, show, understand, explain, teach

39、, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等的賓語時,前面常常帶引導(dǎo)詞 how, what, whether, where, when, who等,但是 why后加不帶 to 的不定式.He showed us how to do the work= He showed us how we should do the work.I don know what to do I don t know what I should do.We must decide whether to stay or gWe must decid

40、e whether we ll stay or go. Can you tell me why do it?7. 在love, hate, prefer, like等動詞后用動名詞或不定式無多大區(qū)別.有時用動名詞作賓語時, 指一般情況,而跟不定式作賓語時指某一具體行為.I love swimming. I love to swim today.8. start begin, continue在書面語中多后接動名詞,在口語中多后接不定式.It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what h

41、e meant.典型例題1. David threatenedreport his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.2. He chosekeep silent when asked why.3. He volunteeredhelp the victims in the earthquake.4. Whenever you are in trouble, don t hesitateask me for help.5. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the

42、 buildings in the area needrepair.6. Can I smoke here?Sorry. We don t allowsmoke here.7. I hear they ve promoted Tom, but he didn t mentionpromote when we talked on the8. Bill suggestedhold a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.9. I really appreciatehave time to holiday w

43、ith you on this nice island.10. I can hardly imagine her(marry) such a men as Lee.11. It s quite hot today. Do you feel like(go) for a swim?12. The film star wears sunglass. Therefore, he can go shopping without(recognize).13. They are quiet, aren t they?Yes, they are accustomed to not talk at meals

44、.14. How can I afford to fly to America when I can only earn 800 Yuan a month.15. Would you mind turn down your radio a little, please?16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught.17. He practiced playing the piano every morning.18. He risked losing his life in order to save the drowning gi

45、rl.19. He was considering changed his mind.20. He was considered to be very rich.21. Don t worry. We can manage to help you out.22. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one.23. We ve had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve tbeefesal su24. One learns a language by mak

46、ing mistakes and correct them.25. China recently tightened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea.26. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.27. When it com

47、es to speak in public, no one can match him.28. Lydia doesn t feel like study abroad. Her parents are old.29. I really regret ( (inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam.30. He tried(persuade) her to accept their incitation, but in vain.31. She was afraid to step further in grass because sh

48、e was afraid of being bitten by a snake.32. I still remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door.34. I m afraid I can t help painting the house this afternoon.35. I couldn t choose but to accept his invitation.36. I

49、m sorry. I didn t mean hurt you.37. Now that we have finisheSxercise I, let s go on to do Exercise38. I couldn t help but admiring him for his courage.39. Oh, my goodness! I forgot to lock the door last night. Is there anything missing?40. I forgot paid already, so I went to my boss again.41. The co

50、mpetitor never dreamed of there(be) a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100 meter race.42. Have you heard of my sister(win) the contest?43. The doctor does not mind I eating a little meat occasionally.44. She didn t mind hertbkek away and used by other students.45. I insist on Mary go the

51、re.46. I knew nothing about the window was open.47. He left the city without our know it.答案：1. to report 2. to keep 3. to help 4.to ask 5.repairing 6.smoking 7.having been promoted 8.holding 9.having 10. marrying 11.going 12.being recognized 13.taifc為 taking 14正確 15.turn改為 turning 16.caught 前加being

52、17正確18正確19.change畋為changing 20正確21正確22正確23正確24.correct 改為 correcting 25.attecke前加 being 26.havin玫為 being 27.spea畋為 speaking 28.stud收為 studying 29.to inform 30.to persuade 31確 32.taken前加 being 33正確 34.painting改為 paint 35去 掉 to 36正確 37正確 38.admiring 39正確 40.paid前加 being 41.being 42.winning 43改為 my 或 m

53、e 44.taken前加 being 45.go改為 going,或去掉 on 46.wa畋為 being 47.know改為 knowing五. 作狀語不定式分詞作狀語時,不定式、分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致,不定式表示目的, 動名詞表示主動,過去分詞表示被動.一不定式作狀語1. 不定式作目的狀語In order to可以放在句首,也可以放在句中；so as to只能放于句中,in order to和so as to放 于句中時,不能用逗號隔開.To catch the early bus/In order to catch the early bus, he gets up ea

54、rly.=He gets up early to catch the early bus.Bob took down my telephone number so as / in order not to forget it.=In order not to forget it, Bob took down my telephone number.2. 不定式作結(jié)果狀語不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用在以下句式中：so+adj +as to do sth; such+n +as to do sth;enough to do sth; too .to; Only to do st成示不定式 出乎意料的結(jié)果.

55、I m not so stupid as to write it down.=h not such a fool as to write it down. He is clever enough to be fit for the job.Jane arrived at the station only to be told the train had gone. He died, leaving only debtSt詞表示自然而然的結(jié)果Im too tired to stay up longer.注意：only tooto結(jié)構(gòu)中,并非是太.而不能.之意,而表示非常.這樣搭配的形 容詞有:p

56、leased, ready, willing, glad, happf.Im only too glad to have passed the exOm及格了, 我非?？鞓?Im too willing to help you.3. 不定式作原因狀語當(dāng)這些形容詞 light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant,dangerous impossible, interesting nice出現(xiàn)時要用主動表被動.This question is easy to answer.This book is difficult to und

57、erstand.二分詞做狀語分詞作狀語時,可以表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨狀語等,為了強調(diào),可以與 while, when, once, if , unless連詞連用.(not)V+ing表示句子主語之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系V+ed表示句子主語之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系(not) having done表示句子主語之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系；動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前(not)having been don敏示句子主語之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系；動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前1. When(offer) help, one often sayShank you or Its kind of you.2. (Separate)