2018年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語試題(浙江卷,含解析)

1、2018年普通高等B學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語試題（浙江卷）選擇題部分第一部分聽力做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題紙±0第一節(jié)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在 試 卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一 遍。1 - What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk.C- Write a report.【答案】B2. Whatcan we sa

2、y about the woma.n?A- She , s generous.B- She“ s curious-C. She' s helpful.【答案】c3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:30.【答案】c4. How does the woman go to work?A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike.【答案】B5. - What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates-

3、B - Teacher and student.C - Doctor and patient.【答案】A第一 T聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并 標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒蝕；聽完后，各小題將給 出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，完成下面小題。6. What does the woman regret?A. Giving up her research.B. Dropping out of col lege.C. Changing her major.7- W

4、hat is the woman interested in studying now?A. Ecology.B. Educat i on.C- Chemistry.【答案】6. B 7. A聽第7段材料，完成下面小題。8. What is the man?A. A hotel manager.B. A tour guideC. A taxi driver.9. What is the man doing for the woman?A. Looking for some local foods-B. Showing her around the seaside-C. Offering inf

5、ormation about a hotel.【答案】8. B 9. C聽第8段材料，完成下面小題。10. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In an office.B. At home.C- At a restaurant.11. What wil 1 the speakers do tomorrow evening?A. Go to a con cert.B. Visit a friend.C. Work extra hours-12. Who i s Al ice going to call?A. Mike.B. Jo

6、an.C. Catherine.【答案】10. C 11. A 12.B聽第9段材料，完成下面小題。13. Why does the woman meet the man?A. To look at an apartment-B. To deliver some furniture.C. To have a meal together.14. What does the woman like about the carpet?A. Its color-B. Its design.C. Tts qual i ty.15. What does the man say about the kitch

7、en?A- It , s a good size-B. Tt , s newly pain ted.C. It , s adequately equipped16. What will the woman most probably do next?A. Go downtown.B. Talk with her friendC. Make payment.【答案】13. A 14. A 15. C 16. B聽第10段材料，完成下面小題。17. Who is the speaker probably talking to?A. Movi e fans.B. News reportersC. C

8、ollege students.18. When did the speaker take English classes?A. Before he left his hometown,B. After he came to America-C. When he was 15 years old.19. How does the speaker mainly talk about?A. Hs proud B. He , s sympathetic.C. lie's grateful.20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?A- How e

9、ducation shaped his life.B How his language skills improved.C. How he managed his business well.【答案】17. C l&B 19. C 20. A 第二部分閱讀理解 第一 T閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。ATn 1812, the year Charies Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing nove

10、ls for a centurymost experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 but nobody wan ted to do it professionally. The steam-powered prin ting press was still in its early stages; the 1 iteracy （識字）rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors,

11、often with something like "By a lady ” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly,immoral, or just plain bad.Tn 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as i ts first professional wri ter and publ isher,famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of nove

12、ls and their readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Timwere held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens1 greatness is unchallenged - Removing him from the pantheon （名人堂）of English literature would makeabout as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa How did Dickens get

13、to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60, 000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 tol901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. Tf s partly

14、true that Dickens , style of writing attracted audiences from al 1 walks of 1 ife- It* s partly that his wri tings rode a wave of social, pol itical and scientific progress. But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one wi 11 ever know what mi x of

15、 tai ent, ambition, energy and luck made Di eke ns such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible - and important for our own culture - to understand how he made himself a lasting one.2L Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18

16、? century?A. They were difficult to understand.B. They wore popul ar among the rich.C. They were seen as nearly worthless.D. They were written mostly by women.22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stressA- his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern artC- his success in pub

17、licationD. his importance in literature23. What is the author" s purpose in writing the text?A- To remember a great writer.B. To introduce an English novel C. To encourage studies on culture.D. To promote values of the Victorian age.【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A【解析】本文寫于Charles Dickens誕辰200周年前夕，介紹了 Char

18、les Dickens在英國小說方面的重要 貢獻和深遠影響。21 .細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段對當時情況的描寫nobody wanted to do it professionally. Thesteam-powered printing press was st 訂 1 in its early stages; the literacy （識字）rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors. Novels, for the most part, were

19、 looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.印刷技術(shù)落后，人們識字率低，作品上沒有作者名字，小說被認為是愚蠢的不 正常的，毫無價值可言。故選C。22 .推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Dickens'greatness is unchallenged.和列|舉的Charles Dickens小說的 影響可 知，把他和Mona Lisa相比是為了說明Charles Dickens在英國小說方面的重要性和Mona Lisa在 繪畫方面的 重要性是一樣的，故選D。23 .寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文中對Charles Dickens及其作品在英國小說史上重

20、要性的描寫，和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible - and important for our own culture - to understand how he made himself a lasting one,可知本文是寫于Charles Dickens誕辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者寫本 文是為了紀念這位偉大的作家。故選八?！军c睛】推理判斷題要求在理解表面文字的基礎(chǔ)上，做出判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含的意思和深層的意思，也就 是通過文章中的文字信息，上下邏輯關(guān)系及事物的

21、發(fā)展變化等已知的信息，推斷出作者沒有直接表達 的態(tài)度和 觀點。本文推理判斷題的考法：1 .推測文章的觀點或結(jié)論。小題1要求判斷18世紀英國小說的現(xiàn)狀，根據(jù)第一段對當時情況的描寫nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was stil 1 in its early stages; the literacy rate in England was under 50%. Novels, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.可知

22、當時印刷技術(shù)落 后，人們識字率低，小說被認為是愚蠢的不正常的，毫無價值可言。2 .推測作者寫作目的或意圖。小題3判斷本文的寫作目的，根據(jù)文中對Charles Dickens及其作品在英國小 說史上重要性的描寫，和文章最后 But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible 一 and important for our own culture 一 to understand how he made himself a lasting one,可知本文是寫于 CharlesDickens誕辰200周年前夕，由此

23、推斷作者寫本文是為了紀念這位偉大的作家。Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he , s anenvironmental scientist who studies how to reduce 1 itter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road - What is even more interesting is that

24、one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.America ns use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in t ree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts （口攵 傘艮臺） The bags are prohibited

25、 in some 90 cities in Cal ifornia, including Los Angeles - Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers > argumo nt:山 an y cities with ba ns still al low sh

26、oppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a smal 1 percentage of al 1 garbage on the ground todayThe industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its repl

27、acement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out- However, IongerAlasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet tha

28、n plastic.Environmental i sts don't di spute （質(zhì)疑）these poin ts. They hope paper bags wi 11 be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years 24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A. Help increase grocery sales.B. Recycle the waste material. C- Stop things falli

29、ng off trucksD. Argue for the use of plastic bags.25. What does the word "headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Bans on plastic bags.B. Effects of city development.C. Headaches caused by garbage.D. Plastic bags hung in trees.26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag m

30、akers?A. They are quite expensive.B. Replacing them can be difficult.C. They are less strong than plastic bags.D. Producing them requires more energy 27. What is the best title for the text?A. Plastic, Paper or NeitherB. Tndustry, Pollution and EnvironmentC. Recycle or Throw AwayD. Garbage Collectio

31、n and Waste Control【答案】24. D 25. A 26. D 27. A【解析】文章分析了幾種購物袋的使用情況，塑料袋造成了環(huán)境問題，盡管紙袋容易同收，但生產(chǎn)和運輸 需 要更多的能源，希望消費者使用耐用可重復使用的袋子。24 .細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段 one of Stein « s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags,和 第二段 plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists 1 ike Stein to make the case tha

32、t their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可矢口塑料袋生產(chǎn)商雇用Steven Stein是為了證明他們的產(chǎn)品并不像大多 數(shù)人想象的那樣對地球有害，是對塑料袋被禁用的解釋和爭論。故選D。25 .詞義猜測題。上文介紹在許多美國大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到這種現(xiàn)狀，塑料袋生產(chǎn)商雇用Steven Stein 等科學家是為了證明他們的產(chǎn)品并不像大多數(shù)人想象的那樣對地球有害。headwinds “逆風”，此處指塑料袋被 禁用的現(xiàn)狀，即Bans on plastic bags,故選A。26 .細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段

33、However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可矢口塑 料袋生產(chǎn)商認為生產(chǎn)耐用且能重復使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故選D。27 .標題歸納題。文章講述了使用塑料袋造成的環(huán)境問題，紙袋容易回收，但生產(chǎn)和運輸需要更多的能源，希 望消費者使用耐用可重復使用的袋子。對這三種方式進行了對比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括 全文，又 能吸引讀者，最適合作為標題。故選A。【點睛】 概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段開頭再看全文找主題句，若無明顯主題句，就通過關(guān)鍵詞句來概括（如議論文中尋找

34、表達作者觀點態(tài)度的詞句，要看懂全文的主要內(nèi)容，明白了主要內(nèi)容就能準確概括文章標題。小題4要求概括標題，本文講述了使用塑料袋造成的環(huán)境問題，紙袋容易問收，但生產(chǎn)和運輸需要更多的能源，希望 消費者使用耐用可重復使用的袋子。對這三種方式進行了對比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸 引讀者，適合作為標題。CAs cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago

35、, with the first rolling off the assembly line （裝 R!線）on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen mi Ilion of them.Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American

36、culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American-going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol

37、, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.Tn 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with aa chicken in every pot and a car in every garage ”Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transfonned America from

38、 a farmbased society into an industrialThe cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive （過度白勺）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been descri

39、bed in a book by the American writer Thomas 1" Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green oconomy （經(jīng)濟）is a chance to keep American strength "The abilityto design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and heal

40、thy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?A. To explain Americans* love for travelling by car.B. To show the i nfluenee of cars on American culture.C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D. To praise t

41、he effectiveness of America/ s road system.29. What has the use of cars in America led to?A. Decline of economy. B. Environmentai problems.C. A shortage of oil supply. D. A farm-based society.30. What is FriedmanJ s attitude towards America1 s future?A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. To 1 er

42、a【答案】2& B 29. B 30. C【解析】文章講述了汽車在美國經(jīng)濟和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽車帶來的環(huán)境問題。28. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段 Modern America was born on the road, behind a whee 1. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知現(xiàn)代美國誕生于公路和汽車，汽車塑造了美國文化最持久的一些方

43、面。Hamburger就是汽車塑 造的美國文化的一個方面。用這個例子是在說明汽車對美國文化的彩響，故選B。29. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段 The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. nJ知美國汽車的迅速發(fā)展，導致生態(tài)災(zāi)難。故選B。30. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.和最后一段中的Eriedma n points out that the gree n eco nomy （

44、經(jīng)濟）is a cha nee to keep America n st re ngth.可見 Friedman 雖然對未 來擔心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了發(fā)展綠色積極的想法?？梢奆riedman對未來是充 滿希望的，故選C?！军c睛】細節(jié)理解題具體方法：1 .略讀材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。2 .按文章的體裁，作者寫作的組織模式及有關(guān)的信息詞。如for example, first, second.等預測應(yīng)該到 何處尋 找自己所需要的事實。3 .將精力放在尋找你所需要的細節(jié)上。快速通篇跳讀，全文掃視，找到細節(jié)出處，待找到含細節(jié)句子時，放慢 速度，仔細核對比較內(nèi)容，直至找到答案。如小題

45、1要求分析第二段提到hamburger的作用，根據(jù)第二段 Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可矢口現(xiàn)代美國誕生于公路和汽車，汽車塑造了美國文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽車塑造的美國文化的一個方面。用這個例子 是在說明汽車對美國文化的影響。第一

46、T根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Moving into a new home in a now neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your neighborhood . The easiest way to accompl i sh this is to make sure you con duct yourself as a good

47、 neighbor should , 31 Perhaps one of the most iniportant things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property （房產(chǎn)） neat, clean, and in good repair. 32 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.Second, take the overal 1

48、 appearance of the neighborhood seriously, When going for a walk-Take along a small garbage bag.33 This small act will let your neighbors know thatyou care about the area.34 If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do t

49、he grocery shopping . Let them know that you are there to help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.35 By fol lowing the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in goneral,

50、 you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate A. Tn general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.B. A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.C- Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.D. Sometimes neighbors may go to t

51、he supermarket together to do shopping.E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.F- People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly【答案】31.G32. F33.

52、E 34. B35. C【解析】怎樣成為一個鄰居都喜歡的人，作者給了兒點建議。31 .考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。木段講如果你想成為鄰居中一個可以接受和有價值的部分，最簡單的方法就是確保你的行為舉止像一個好鄰居。下文是具體做法，G項：這里有一些技巧，可以幫助你 迅速 贏得鄰居的信賴。承上啟下，故選G。32 .考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段介紹和鄰居關(guān)系融洽最重要的是保持干凈整潔的戶內(nèi)戶外 壞境，F(xiàn)項中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.保持街上的一切新鮮和誘 人，與本段意思一 致，故選F。33 .考查對上下文

53、的理解和推理判斷能力。本段主要建議要重視社區(qū)的整體面貌，出門拿上一個垃圾 袋,E項：遇到從路過的汽車里扔出的廢紙，把它撿起來。與上句連接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故選E。居的34 .考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段是建議用鄰居可以接受的方式幫助他們，同時尊重鄰隱私。B項：好鄰居就是喜歡在小的方面幫助別人的人，符合本段內(nèi)容，故選35 .考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。最后一段是總結(jié)，只要我們考慮周到，尊重他人，照顧好屬于自己的東西，為周圍的人感到自豪，很快就會成為一個大家都喜歡的好鄰居。C項中considerate behavior是下 文內(nèi)容的概括，故選C?！军c睛】七選五題型要求考生從整體上

54、把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對諸如 連貫性、一致性等語段特征有較強的意識和熟練的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)或段落的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)對解 題很有用。分析本文的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，可以知道第一段先引出話題，本段最后一句是文章的主題句，然后接下來各段都是闡述 一種方法，是總分總結(jié)構(gòu)。每段開頭都是本段的主題句，要弄清每段主題句和段落內(nèi)容的聯(lián)系，判斷正確答 案。小題3本段主要建議要重視社區(qū)的整體面貌，出門拿上一個垃圾袋，E項：遇到從路過的汽車里 扔出的廢 紙，把它撿起來。與上句連接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故選E。第三部分語言運用 第一節(jié)完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、

55、C和DE個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并 在 答題紙上將該項涂黑。We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it 36 to have too much?I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since T al so 38 a team sport.By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it 39W

56、hen I got into college, things 40 I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.Because of al 1 this 41 there was no sense of 42 to do my school work immediately. Once that happened, II was performing this action of waiting until it later became 43 just kept 44 my studying further and furthe

57、r back in my day. Then T got to the point whereI was 45 real ly late at night to get my work aloneOne day I 46 a former classmate of mine who was 47 a lot of money running a sideline （副 W Since hisregular job was 48,I asked him why he just didn > t do his sidelinefull-time. He said without the jo

58、b, he would 49 have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50 , He said that if he 51 the job, he would lose his 52 to work and succeed.So, try 53 your time with other work. This is why there is a 54 that if you want something done, ask a _55person to do it-36. A- true B. fairC. strange D. possible37. A. remember B. admitC