2021屆高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空必殺四：動(dòng)詞做非謂語(yǔ)的三種命題難度

1、2021高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空必殺四：動(dòng)詞做非謂語(yǔ)的三種命題難度語(yǔ)法填空動(dòng)詞(非謂語(yǔ)形式)解題技巧匯總一、判斷方式:1 .空格處的提示詞為動(dòng)詞2 .空格處埴的詞為非調(diào)語(yǔ)形式(判斷方式：句子內(nèi)不缺詞語(yǔ))二、基本能力1 .動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞會(huì)寫(xiě)2 .常見(jiàn)固定搭配(1)介詞后+doing?？冀樵~為：by, for, in, with, without, of, after, from 等(2)常見(jiàn)的+ to d。的動(dòng)詞 決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望(ducidu/duiurminu , learn, want, expect/hope/wish),拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝(rufusj manage, care, pret

2、end)0 主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃(offer, promise, choose, plan),同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫(agree, ask/beg, help)©(3)常見(jiàn)的+doing的動(dòng)詞 避免錯(cuò)過(guò)少延期(avoid, miss, delay),建議完成多練習(xí)(suggest, finish, practice) 喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can't help),承認(rèn)否定與妒忌(admit, deny, envy), 逃脫胃險(xiǎn)莫原諒(erscapu, risk, pardon),忍受保持不在意(stand, keep, mind)0to dobe be be be

3、 can(4)必背的固定搭配 likely to do sth.很可能做某事designed to do sth,被設(shè)計(jì)用來(lái)做某事intended to do sth,打算做某事to blame應(yīng)受責(zé)備(無(wú)被動(dòng))hardly/cant t wait to do sth,迫不及待做某事 There is no need to do sth.沒(méi)有必要做某事。It takes sb. sometime to do sth.某人花多少時(shí)間做某事。(§)sb./sth.be said/supposed/believed/thought/known/reported to do/to be do

4、ne/to have done 才居i比/ 認(rèn)為/報(bào)道某人/某物 主語(yǔ)+ be + d" + to do句型It remains to be尚待分曉；拭目以待適用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous 等。doingbe (well) worth doing sth,值得做某事can' t help doing sth,情不自禁做某事have fun doing sth.做某事很開(kāi)心feel

5、 like doing sth,想做某事It' s no use/good/pleasure (in) doing sth,做某事沒(méi)有用處/好處/樂(lè)趣have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困難be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事spend money/timc (in) doing slh.花費(fèi)金錢(qián)/時(shí)間做某事prevent/stop.(from) doing sth,阻止做某事There is no sense/point (in) doing sth,做某事沒(méi)有意義。三、常見(jiàn)考法初級(jí)難度：介詞+doing作主語(yǔ)do

6、ing表一般習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；to do表具體的一次動(dòng)作。中級(jí)難度（1）常見(jiàn)因定搭配（2）做定語(yǔ)非詞語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)通常為空前的名詞若表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，用不定式to do;若表將來(lái)的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，用to be doneo若與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞（匕ing）;若與邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞（匕ed）0若表被動(dòng)且為正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用being done。句中出現(xiàn)first, second等序數(shù)詞，last, next, only等以及形容詞最高級(jí)（+名詞）時(shí)，用不定式作定語(yǔ)。 該結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)與不定式應(yīng)是邏輯上的主調(diào)關(guān)系。抽象名詞 ability, chance, opportunity, pat

7、ience, plan, promise, right 等后常用不定式作后追定語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)往往是前面或后面句子的主語(yǔ)。如邏輯主語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，且表示進(jìn)行，用doing。如果是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，但表示完成（即早于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生），用having done0如果是邏輯主語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系（翻譯為被）,用done。如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示目的或出乎意料的結(jié)果，用不定式；表示自然而然的結(jié)果用k ingo小技巧形容詞化的匕ing,表示名詞的屬性，意為“令人的”人或物：形容詞化的v. ed,表示名詞的心理狀態(tài)© 意為“感到的”：一般修飾voice, look, e

8、xpression時(shí)，其前往往用匕ed形式，表示內(nèi)心的感受。商級(jí)難度句子比較發(fā)雜，需要準(zhǔn)確翻譯句子才能埴對(duì)答案必背固定搭配全家福：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞固定搭配基礎(chǔ)篇（背背背）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞固定搭配提升篇（背背背）四、經(jīng)典練習(xí)較易試題：1. Scientists have responded by(note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集)around human settlements.(2019 全國(guó) I )答案noting解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞by后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用其動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，故填notine。2. A 90yearold has been

9、awarded uWoman Of The Yearfor(be) Britain* s oldest fulltime employee-still working 40 hours a week. (2019 全國(guó) H)答案being解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞for后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用其動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，故填being。3. But some students didn' t want(wear) the uniform. (2019 浙江)答案to wear解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。want后加不定式作賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成want to do sth. “想要做某事"。故填to wearo

10、4. I still remember(visit) a friend who' d lived here for five years and I was shocked whenI learnt she hadn' t cooked once in all that time. (2018 才斤江)答案 visiting解析 考查動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)o remember doing sth,記得做過(guò)某事。5. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of(die) early by running

11、. (2018 全 國(guó)I)答案dying解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞。f后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用其動(dòng)名詞形式，故埴dying。6. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn * t feel challenged. (2018 全國(guó) HI) 答案 looking解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞o avoid后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)o avoid doing sth.避免做某事。7. Fast food is full of fat and salt： by(eat) more fast f

12、ood people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. (2017 全國(guó)【)答案eating解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。表示方式的介詞by后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填ealing。8. This included digging up the road,(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. (2017 全國(guó) II)答案laying解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。included后的dig, lay, build是三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作，根據(jù)digging及bu

13、ilding可知， lay也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。9. But Sarah> who has taken part in shows along with top models wants(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. (2017 全國(guó) HI) 答案 to prove解析 考查固定搭配。want to do sth,想要做某事，為固定搭配。10. (learn) to think critically is an important skill today' s children will need for the futu

14、re. (2019 天津)答案 Learning解析 考查動(dòng)名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is, is之前的內(nèi)容是主語(yǔ)，故此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞短 語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。11. (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018 北京) 答案 Traveling解析 考查動(dòng)名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is, is之前的內(nèi)容是主語(yǔ)，故此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞短 語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。中檔試題：1. They make great gifts and you see them many times(deco

15、rate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. (2020 全國(guó) II)答案 decorated解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在“see+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示 動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。see sth. done看到某物被，此處表示“看到禮物裝點(diǎn)著紅包和祝福好運(yùn)的信息”。them與decorate是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。2. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds(surround) the mountai

16、n tops, he was reduced to tears. (2020 全國(guó) HI)答案 surrounding解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在“see+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示 動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行° the soft clouds與surround之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示正在發(fā)生的恬景，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。3. On the last day of our weeklong stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore unde

17、r the stars>(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. (2019 全國(guó) ni)答案 listening解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞o本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為° were invited ,所以listen應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。we與listen to之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。也可由and前后連接兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)這一規(guī)律解題，and 后的meeting interesting locals為分詞形式，故空格處填listeningo4. Nervously(face) challenges , I know

18、I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself* . (2019 北京)答案facing解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主 語(yǔ)I,主語(yǔ)I與動(dòng)詞face之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。5. (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment , many senior citizens started to use smart phones. (2019 江蘇)答案 To enjoy解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：為了享受電子支付

19、的便利，許多老年人開(kāi)始使用智能手機(jī)。根據(jù)句意并分 析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里表示目的，故用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。6. China* s image is improving steadily> with more countries(recognize) its role in international affairs. (2019 江蘇)答案 recognizing解析 考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。此處是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)詞recognize與其邏輯主語(yǔ)more countries之間是主動(dòng) 關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。7. Once his message was delivered, he allow

20、ed me(stay) and watch. (2018 全國(guó)IB) 答案to stay解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)詞不定式。allow sb. to do sth,允許某人做某事，為固定搭配。8. Ordinary soap*(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. (2018 d匕京) 答案used解析因?yàn)榫渥又幸延兄^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故此處要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。句子的主語(yǔ)與use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此應(yīng) 用過(guò)去分詞，即過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，used correctly 49當(dāng)于if it is used correctly這個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式

21、。9. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph(take). (2018 天津) 答案taken解析 本題考查have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“讓別人做某事，讓被做“。my photograph與take之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故需用take的過(guò)去分詞形式。10. They represent the earth(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.(2020 全國(guó) II) 答案coming解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。一個(gè)句子不能有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而且空前

22、的the earth與come是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用 現(xiàn)在分詞作后直定語(yǔ)。11. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology(change) lives. (2020 才萬(wàn) 江)答案 to change解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式)。句意為：農(nóng)業(yè)讓人們第一次體驗(yàn)到科技改變生活的力量。此處用不定式作 定語(yǔ)，修飾 technology,故填 to changeo12. Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement * award, proud Irene decl

23、ared she had no plans(retire) from her 36yearold business. (2019 全國(guó) II) 答案 to retire解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。不定式作名詞plans的后置定語(yǔ)，故填to retire,13. When we got a call(say) she was shortlisted, we thought it was a joke.(2019 全國(guó) n) 答案saying解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞say與其邏輯主語(yǔ)a call是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作后直定語(yǔ)， 故填 saying o14. Earth Day,(mar

24、k) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. (2019 北京) 答案marked解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞mark與Earth Day之間是邏輯 上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。15. Large amounts of caffeine can cause a problem(call) caffeinism.答案 called解析 設(shè)空處在名詞problem后作定語(yǔ)，且call與probl

25、em之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作后 定語(yǔ),故填calledo16. The next morning he hired a boat and set out(find) the we 11 known painter.(2020 全國(guó)H【) 答案 to find解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。set out to do開(kāi)始做，為固定搭配。17. They are easy(care) for and make great presents. (2020 全國(guó) H) 答案 to care解析 考查固定句式。sth.be easy to d。某事很容易做。不定式用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。18. Mo

26、dern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid 1980s, and are expensive(perform) consistently over a large area. (2019 全國(guó) I ) 答案 to perform解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句含有''主語(yǔ)+ be + adj. +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)通常是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者，不 定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。故填to performo19. I didn ' t mean (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn * t help (try) it. (2018 天津)答案 to eat： trying解析 句意為：我沒(méi)打算吃東西，但這冰激凌看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住嘗了下。mean to do sth,打 算做某事；mean doing sth.意味著做某事；cant t help doing sth,禁不住/忍不住做某事：cant t help (to) do sth.不能幫助做某事。20. But unlik