名詞性從句學(xué)案

1、名詞性從句解析鄭素紅一個句子在另一個句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語，相當(dāng)于名詞，故稱為名詞性從句。名詞性從句分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句四大類。（注意“虛擬語氣”中對should 的考查； I wish/ would rather/ prefer that 從句虛擬語氣的考查）一、 主語從句1. 定義：一個句子在另一個句子中充當(dāng)主語，即句子充當(dāng)主語，該句子稱為主語從句。2. 連詞： that-從句，從句為一個句意完整的陳述句，that 不能省略，沒有具體的漢語意思，不充當(dāng)句子成份。whether -從句，從句來源于一般疑問句，whether不能省略，意為“是否”，特殊疑問詞

2、-從句，從句來源于特殊疑問句，特殊疑問詞不能省略，意思為“特殊疑問詞本來的意思”，在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份。3語序：主語從句要用陳述句語序，即主謂語序。4時態(tài)：主句時態(tài)為過去時，從句時態(tài)為過去的某一時態(tài)；主句時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句時態(tài)視具體情況而定。5句子作主語，視為單數(shù)。_ is known to all.( 臺灣是中國的一部分)5形式主語it: 句子充當(dāng)主語時，為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可用it來代替主語從句，此時，主語從句放在主句的末尾。常見的句型請參照it 作形式主語。練一練：It is certain _（知識就是力量）It is strange _.（真奇怪，他居然要一個人去）It is h

3、is suggestion _.（我們要養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣）It is said _.(房價要下降。)It is suggested _.（我們要充分利用自然資源）It doesnt matter_(你是否有經(jīng)驗(yàn))It makes no difference_.（你怎么解決這個難題）二、 賓語從句1.定義：一個句子在另一個句子中充當(dāng)賓語，即句子充當(dāng)賓語，該句子稱為賓語從句。2.連詞： that-從句，從句為一個句意完整的陳述句，that 在第一個賓從中可省略，其他情況不能省略；沒有具體的漢語意思，不充當(dāng)句子成份。whether -從句，從句來源于一般疑問句，whether不能省略，意為“是否”，可用i

4、f 代替，但if 僅用于動詞后面的賓語從句中（但除去discuss）.特殊疑問詞-從句，從句來源于特殊疑問句，特殊疑問詞不能省略，意思為“特殊疑問詞本來的意思”，在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份。3語序：賓語從句要用陳述句語序，即主謂語序。4時態(tài)：主句時態(tài)為過去時，從句時態(tài)為過去的某一時態(tài)；主句時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句時態(tài)視具體情況而定。5. 雙重疑問句中的賓語從句的語序：始終使用陳述語序，即：主謂語序。例：What do you think has happened to Tom?Who do you suggest should be sent to Iraq?Where do you think

5、Tom is from?注意：Whats wrong (with sb /sth.)? Whats the matter (with sb/sth.)? What has happened ? 等句子本身特殊疑問詞就是句子的主語，所以語序無需變化。6. it作形式賓語的常見句型 說明：賓語從句后帶形容詞或名詞，補(bǔ)充說明賓語從句，為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語從句常用形式賓語it 代替，賓語從句則放在形容詞或名詞之后。 當(dāng)句子的謂語動詞為think,regard, consider, imagine, feel,find, believe, make, find, leave等詞時，可用it作形式賓語，把

6、從句后置，且從句連詞不能省略。例：We think it wrong that she was left in complete ignorance.You can leave it to me how the problem should be solved.We make it a rule that we go for a walk after supper.主語+hate/dislike/love/like +it + when 從句（表示對某一情況的喜好或厭惡） 例： I hate _(學(xué)生上課吵鬧) 主語+appreciate + it+ if 從句 例： I really app

7、reciate _(如果你能幫助我學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)) 主語+see to/ answer for it+ that 從句 （確保.） 主語+depend on /count on/ rely on it +that 從句 (指望，確信.)注意：為特殊句型： 用it 代替其后的整個句子, it 等于整個句子，但不能省略。 She makes _(清楚地表明人人要守法) We believe _（說別人壞話speak ill of是不對的）He dislikes _（學(xué)生上課睡覺） My mother will appreciate _(如果你能幫她修電腦) I can see to _（ 我的員工會非常盡

8、心的。）注意：賓語從句可能來源于感嘆句。例：I cant imagine_（完成這個任務(wù)是多么的困難）She never knows _(他哥哥是個多么熱心腸的人)三、 表語從句1.定義：一個句子在另一個句子中充當(dāng)表語，即句子充當(dāng)表語，該句子稱為表語從句。2.連詞： that-從句，從句為一個句意完整的陳述句，that 不能省略，沒有具體的漢語意思，不充當(dāng)句子成份。whether -從句，從句來源于一般疑問句，whether不能省略，意為“是否”，特殊疑問詞-從句，從句來源于特殊疑問句，特殊疑問詞不能省略，意思為“特殊疑問詞本來的意思”，在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份。3語序：表語從句要用陳述句語序，即

9、主謂語序。4時態(tài)：主句時態(tài)為過去時，從句時態(tài)為過去的某一時態(tài)；主句時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句時態(tài)視具體情況而定。5. 常見的句型 1） It looks as if .好像;仿佛 It _（她好像發(fā)狂了似的）2) This is because 這是因?yàn)镾he failed in the interview. That was _（她不會說日語）3) The reason why is that 的原因是The reason _（她面試未過時因?yàn)樗粫f日語）4) That is why 那是為什么會She _（不會說日語）. That is _(她面試未過的原因)四、同位語從句1.定義：一個

10、句子解釋說明另一個句子中某一個抽象名詞的內(nèi)容，該句子充當(dāng)同位語，即句子充當(dāng)同位語，該句子稱為同位語從句。常見的抽象名詞有：idea, opinion, thought, advice, suggestion, proposal, plan, possibility, hope,wish, fact, promise, news, word (消息)，doubt, question等。2.連詞： that-從句，從句為一個句意完整的陳述句，that 不能省略，沒有具體的漢語意思，不充當(dāng)句子成份。whether -從句，從句來源于一般疑問句，whether不能省略，意為“是否”，特殊疑問詞-從句，

11、從句來源于特殊疑問句，特殊疑問詞不能省略，意思為“特殊疑問詞本來的意思”，在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份。3語序：表語從句要用陳述句語序，即主謂語序。4時態(tài)：主句時態(tài)為過去時，從句時態(tài)為過去的某一時態(tài)；主句時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句時態(tài)視具體情況而定。注意：1）常見的同位語從句直接放在抽象名詞之后，分隔式同位語從句是抽象名詞和同位語從句之間出現(xiàn)謂語動詞，以平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，避免頭重腳輕。例：Word came _ (H1N1已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致許多人死亡。) 5that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 1） 同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that 不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分，即同位語從句本身是個意義完整的陳述句，不可省略。例：The

12、news that Yao Ming joined the Rocket really excited the Chinese basketball fans. 2） 定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that 代替先行詞，在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。定語從句本身缺主語或賓語。例：The news that I got on the CCTV was about Yao Ming. (作定從got的賓語，可省。)The sports news that is about Rocket often attracts more attention. （作定從的主語，不可省。）名詞性從句中特殊的連詞：1. wher

13、e 可表示抽象意義，“.的地方，.點(diǎn)” 例：You are saying everyone should be equal and this is where I disagree. Thats where you are mistaken.2. what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，可視上下文理解為what=the +名詞+that. 例：what=_What you need to do is to wait.Ill do what I can to help you.what=_I live in what used to be a storeroom.She works in what is c

14、alled 3M Company.Finally they arrived at what was called New York later.what=_Ill remember what we spent in Beijing University.After what seemed years, she finally came back to life.what=_She is no longer what she used to be.what=_China is no longer what it was 20 years ago.what=_She drives at what

15、seems a dangerous speed.A is to B what C is to D. A 之對于B，猶如C只對于D。Wings are to birds what sails are to ships.小結(jié)：名詞性從句不完整時，如缺主語、賓語、表語時，用what引導(dǎo)。3. whoever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，whoever=anybody who.whatever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，whatever=anything that. whichever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，whichever=any+名詞+that.例：1）Whoever breaks the law will be pu

16、nished. = Anybody who breaks the law will be punished. 任何違法的人都會受到懲罰。2） Parents shouldnt buy whatever their children want.= Parents shouldnt buy anything that their children want.父母不應(yīng)該孩子要什么買什么。3）You can eat whatever you want.= You can eat anything that you want. 你可以吃你想吃的東西。4）There are many books in o

17、ur library. You can borrow whichever book you like.= There are many books in our library. You can borrow any book that you like. 5）On the table there are so many dishes that we can eat whichever dish we want.= On the table there are so many dishes that we can eat any dish that we want.餐桌上有許多盤菜，我們可以吃

18、我們想吃的任何一個道菜。小結(jié)：whoever/whatever/whichever 既在主句中充當(dāng)成分，又在從句中充當(dāng)成分。4.從句來源于感嘆句例：I cant imagine how excited they were at the news.She never knows what a clever boy her brother is.5.來源于固定句型的特殊疑問句例：Shed like to know what you think of /about her article.I want to know how you like/find Yao Ming.I dont know wh

19、at my brother is up to these days.6. Whatever the reason (is), research shows that in the end, the English saying Laughter is the best medicine may be true after all. Whatever my wife does is right.You can buy whatever you want in the supermarket.She will tell him whatever news she knows.You must do

20、 whatever is best for you.Wherever you go, whatever you do, Ill be right here waiting for you.You have to go on, whatever difficulties you meet.1. Well have to finish the job, _ .A. long it takes however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes2. _ , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is