現(xiàn)在完成時講解(經(jīng)典)課件

1、現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系have been 與與have gone 比較比較與一般過去時的用法比較與一般過去時的用法比較 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成have (hashave (has）+ + 過去分詞過去分詞present(now)futurepast 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時( present perfect tense)do my homework 現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法- Its so dark.- Its s

2、o dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑現(xiàn)在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free-I have finished my homework. I am free( (我已我已經(jīng)經(jīng)完成了家庭作完成了家庭作業(yè)業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)1. 1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作

3、對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 2.2.表示表示過去某一時間過去某一時間開始并開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的的動作或狀態(tài)，常和表示一段時間的時間狀語連動作或狀態(tài)，常和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，謂語動詞多用延續(xù)性動詞用，謂語動詞多用延續(xù)性動詞。（這一用法與（這一用法與現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時在完成進(jìn)行時相同：相同： have / has + been + v.ing。）。） They have lived here for 30 years. 他們已經(jīng)在這兒住了他們已經(jīng)在這兒住了30年。年。 (30年以前開始住在這兒，現(xiàn)在還住在這兒。年以前開始住在這兒，現(xiàn)在還住在這兒。) I have learned

4、 English since I was five years old. 我從五歲時就學(xué)英語。我從五歲時就學(xué)英語。 （五歲時開始學(xué)英語，到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)。）（五歲時開始學(xué)英語，到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)。）現(xiàn)在完成時的運用現(xiàn)在完成時的運用: 1）already 和和yet already用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，在在句中時，位于助動詞或系動詞后，實義動句中時，位于助動詞或系動詞后，實義動詞前。詞前。 yet用于否定句和疑問句，一般在句末。用于否定句和疑問句，一般在句末。 I have already finished my homework. I havent finished m

5、y homework yet. 2）ever和和never ever用于肯定句和疑問句中，在句中用于肯定句和疑問句中，在句中位位于助動詞或系動詞后，實義動詞前。于助動詞或系動詞后，實義動詞前。 never用于句中，用于句中，助動詞或系動詞后，助動詞或系動詞后，實義動詞前，實義動詞前，表示否定意義。表示否定意義。 He has ever been to Paris. He has never been to Paris.3） just表示表示“剛剛剛剛”（用于完成時態(tài)時，與（用于完成時態(tài)時，與already，never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動詞等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動詞have/has

6、和動詞過去分詞之間）和動詞過去分詞之間） He has just come back. 他剛剛回來。 They have just finished the work. 他們剛剛完成那項工作。4）for 和和 since for 后面跟一段時間，后面跟一段時間，since后面跟的是時間點后面跟的是時間點，這，這個時間點可能是單詞、短語或一般過去時的句子。個時間點可能是單詞、短語或一般過去時的句子。帶有帶有for或或since短語的句子，謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性短語的句子，謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞。動詞。He has been here for three days.He has been here s

7、ince yesterday.He has been here since two days ago / last Monday.He has been here since his wife died.3.3.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的未有過的經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷. .I haveI have ever ever beenbeen to the Summer Palace? to the Summer Palace?(我曾去過頤和園我曾去過頤和園) I I havehave never never had had a car.a car. (我從未有過汽車。我從未有過汽

8、車。)現(xiàn)在完成時的現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語時間狀語常與常與already, already, never, never, ever, ever, just, just, yet, yet, before, before, up to now, up to now, so far, so far, for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days, these days, since since for a long timefor a long time 連用連用I have learnt English for more than I

9、 have learnt English for more than ten years. ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。多年的英語。(從從10年前開始年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時 (半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游到現(xiàn)在還在游)現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法2.2.表示表示過去過去已經(jīng)開始已經(jīng)開始, , 持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)態(tài). .常與常與since + since + 過去的時

10、間點，過去的時間點，for + for + 一段時一段時間，間，so far so far 等時間狀語連用。等時間狀語連用。1.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段時間一段時間2. since +從句(一般過去時) 單詞 詞組 (表示過去某一時間的)時間點時間點Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.注2

11、): 對for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?4. 過去分詞的構(gòu)成：過去分詞的構(gòu)成：規(guī)則動詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成和過去式一樣，不規(guī)則規(guī)則動詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成和過去式一樣，不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞見課本（八下或九年級課本最后動詞的過去分詞見課本（八下或九年級課本最后一頁）。一頁）。記憶不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞

12、，可以分為記憶不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞，可以分為 以下幾類來記：以下幾類來記：A A A 型原形、過去式和過去分詞同形： hithit hitcostcost costlet let let put put put read read read A B B 型過去式和過去分詞同形： buy bought bought feelfelt felt findfound foundhavehad hadA B C 型原形、過去式和過去分詞各異 dodid done flyflew flownwritewrote writtengowent goneA B A 型 原形與過去分詞同形 comeca

13、me come becomebecame becomeA A B 型型 原形與過去式同形beatbeat beaten延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞（終止性動詞）延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞（終止性動詞） 延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作如：如：learn, work, keep, have, wait, stay等。等。 延續(xù)性動詞可以與表示時間段的狀語連用。延續(xù)性動詞可以與表示時間段的狀語連用。 非延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞也稱終止性動詞、瞬間動詞，表也稱終止性動詞、瞬間動詞，表示示 不能延續(xù)的動作不能延續(xù)的動作,這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束,不不能與表示一段時間

14、的狀語連用。能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。 如如:die, begin, finish, come, go, open, leave, join, marry / get married等。等。 leave-come/go (to) -arrive (at/in)- get (to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be

15、a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openbe backbe married be短暫性短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系動詞與時間段的關(guān)系 短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時不能與時間段連用間段連用，這些動詞是：，這些動詞是：等。等。為了表述這種意思為了表述這種意思, ,我們常用相應(yīng)的我們常用相應(yīng)的來代替短暫性動詞。來代替短暫性動詞。 become become be be, begin , begin havehave , , borrow borrow keepkeep, buy , buy havehave, , come (go, arriv

16、e, get) come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/inbe here/there/in， die die be be deaddead, finish , finish be overbe over, , join join be in be in （be a member of be a member of ） leaveleave be away ( from), be away ( from), 但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。以與時間段連用。如：如：I havent bought the bike for a

17、I havent bought the bike for a year. year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。我買這輛自行車還不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時。她來這兒還沒有一個小時。 翻翻 譯譯 練練 習(xí)：習(xí)： 1. 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。我買了這塊手表五年了。 2. 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。 I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years. this watch for

18、 five years. I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five five years/years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years. for ten years. The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.y

19、ears ago.WW 3.3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。他已經(jīng)回來三天了。 4. 4.自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。 5. 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 He He has come backhas come back for 3 days. for 3 days. He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/ 3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago. . He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock. since 6 ocloc

20、k. He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years. I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years. years.WWWhave been 與have gone 的用法比較 have been to 意思是意思是“到過，去過到過，去過”，表示表示曾經(jīng)到過某處曾經(jīng)到

21、過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已經(jīng)去了經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。已在那兒了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某處一段時呆在某處一段時間了間了”用用have been to, have gone to, have been in的適當(dāng)形的適當(dāng)形式填空式填空1. - Where is Tom? He has gone to the library.2. How many times have you been to Paris?3. I havent seen

22、 you for a long time. Where have you been? I have been to Guangzhou.4. How long have you been in this school? I have been in this school for three years.5. My brother has been in the army since he left high school. 與一般過去時的用法比較一一. .現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，去的事情，; ;而一而一般過去時，則只般過去時，則只講述講述發(fā)生在過

23、去的發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。 eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。他曾買過一本英漢字典。第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he

24、still has it” “he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” ” 。第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說明。調(diào)說明。二當(dāng)有一個表示二當(dāng)有一個表示過去某一特定時間過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時一般過去時: : eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但但since(si

25、nce(自自以來以來)+)+某一過去時間或敘某一過去時間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。連用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.三常與一般過去時連用的典型的三常與一般過去時連用的典型的 表示過去時間的狀語表示過去時間的狀語: :yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天), the day before yesterday(), the day before yesterday(前天前天), ),jus

26、t now(just now(剛才剛才) )， 時間時間+ ago, + ago, last +last +時間時間 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .動動 詞詞 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that Yes, we _(do) that alreadyalready. . When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it

27、? We _(do) it We _(do) it an hour agoan hour ago. .2._ he _(see) this film 2._ he _(see) this film yetyet? Yes.? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it He _ it last weeklast week. . 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave doneh

28、ave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) t

29、here by air. She _(go) there by air.6. 6. So farSo far, many countries _(develop) , many countries _(develop) their software programs. their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last yearlast year. .8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since

30、last yearsince last year. .have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given選用選用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His

31、father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several

32、years.years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.Mum is not at home no

33、w. she _ the Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont

34、know where he Where is Peter? I dont know where he _._.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you. is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been改改 錯錯1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today