(完整)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +have/has+過去分詞 (done)肯定句：主語(yǔ) +have/has+過去分詞 +其他否定句：主語(yǔ) +have/has+not+過去分詞 +其他一般疑問句： Have/Has+ 主語(yǔ)+過去分詞 +其他特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（ have/has+主語(yǔ) +過去分詞 +其他） 二、用法1） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的 完成用法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說 ,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.He has turned off the light. 他已把燈關(guān)了。 (動(dòng)作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在

2、的情況-燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。 ) I have spent all of my money.( 含義是 :現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含義是 :現(xiàn)在桌子已經(jīng)擺好了 .) 2） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的 未完成用法 指的是動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。這里的動(dòng)詞要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 。常與 for（ +時(shí)間段） ,since（ +時(shí)間點(diǎn)） 連用 .Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意 :1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 不能單獨(dú)與準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間連用，(如表示過去

3、的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）如 yesterday(morning 、afternoon),last(morning 、afternoon) 等， 除非與 for, since 連用 . 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如 already （肯定） , yet（否定，疑問） , just, before, recently, still, lately 等: He has already obtained a scholarship.I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before.Have

4、they found the missing child yet ?3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如 ever, never, twice, several times 等 :Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several times.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的

5、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如 up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等: Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.第 4 頁(yè) 共 6 頁(yè)5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來 表示過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 . We have had four texts this semester.6. have been to 和 have gone to 的區(qū)別have be

6、en to 強(qiáng)調(diào) “去過 ”，現(xiàn)已不在那里 ，如： He has been to the USA three times.他到美國(guó)去過三次。 （過去 “到美國(guó) ”，現(xiàn)在已 “不在美國(guó) ”）have gone to 主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是 “去了 ”，現(xiàn)在人不在說話的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，如：-Wheres your mother? - 你媽媽在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. - 她去醫(yī)院了。has been in一直在某地三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)例析現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是較難掌握、中考考查較多的時(shí)態(tài)。涉及的考點(diǎn)有： 一、 考查其構(gòu)成助動(dòng)詞 have (has) +動(dòng)詞過去分詞 構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：1.

7、 Kates never seen Chinese films，?A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she析：陳述句部分含否定詞never,簡(jiǎn)略問句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates 是 Kate has 的縮寫，故選 B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. ( 改為否定句 ) His uncleposted the photos to him.析： already 常用在肯定句中，yet 常用在否定句、疑問句中，故填hasnt, yet。3. -Ann has gone to Sh

8、anghai. -Soher parents.A. has B. had C. did D. have析： so+助/系/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)與前句結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞形式保持一致，又后句的主語(yǔ)為her parents 是復(fù)數(shù),故選 D。二、 考查其用法與標(biāo)志詞(一)當(dāng)句中有 never, ever, just, already, yet, before 等時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?-youyour homework yet?A. Do; finishB. Are; finishingC. Did; fin

9、ishD. Have; finished2. -youanywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I A. Did; surf; surfedB. Have; surfed; surfedC. Did; surf; have surfedD. Have; surfed; have surfed析：據(jù) yet 和 before 可知 ,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故1 題選 D， 2 題選 D 。(二)當(dāng)句中有 for + 段時(shí)間 或since + 點(diǎn)時(shí)間 等時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，若是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，要改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表狀態(tài)的詞

10、(短語(yǔ) )。如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twicehe came to Yunnan.A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. for析：主句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而從句用的是一般過去時(shí)，故選C。2. Tomthe CD player for two weeks.A. has lentB. has borrowedC. has boughtD. has had析： A 、B、C 均為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，在肯定句中不與表 段時(shí)間 的短語(yǔ)連用，故選D 。3. Ia letter from him since he left.A. didn

11、t receiveB. havent gotC. didnt haveD. havent heard析：據(jù) since 可知，應(yīng)排除A 、C， hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb. 意為 收到某人的來信 ，故選 B。三、 考查 have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的區(qū)別 。如：1. -Have you everLintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have.A. went toB. gone toC. been inD. been

12、to析：據(jù)句中的have，排除 A ， B 項(xiàng)意為 去某地了 ，C 項(xiàng)意為 一直呆在某地 ， D 項(xiàng)意為 去過某地 ，符合題意，故選D。2. My parentsShangdong for ten years.A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been析：本題句中有 for+ 段時(shí)間 結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)此可排除C， B 項(xiàng)意為 去過某地 ，不合題意， D 項(xiàng)缺介詞，故選A。四、 考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與其他時(shí)態(tài)的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。如：1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正確的句子 )析：非延續(xù)

13、性動(dòng)詞與 段時(shí)間 連用時(shí)，除了把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞改成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞外，還可把動(dòng)詞改為一般過去時(shí)或借助句型Its + 段時(shí)間 +since+從句 進(jìn)行句子轉(zhuǎn)換。故答案為：Suns aunt has been there for ten years. /Suns aunt went there ten years ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt went there.2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.( 改為同義句 ) more than ten yearsSusanto this city

14、.析：據(jù)上題分析，且since 引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過去時(shí)，故填I(lǐng)t is, since, came。3. I wont go to the concert because Imy ticket.A. lostB. dont loseC. have lostD. is coming析：因我丟了票的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，而且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了我不能參加音樂會(huì)的結(jié)果，符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的含意，故選 C。英語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞有持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。一、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 : 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。常見的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive,

15、write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。二、瞬間性動(dòng)詞 :表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動(dòng)詞。常 見 的 -begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find,get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up

16、, set out, put on, get on/off等瞬間性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，通常有兩種方法：（ 1）用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動(dòng)詞來替換He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.（他參軍已有3 年了。）不用 has joinedShe has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。 ）不用 has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time?（離家已有好久了嗎？）不用has left 常用瞬間動(dòng)

17、詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞關(guān)系：1、go be away2、comebe here3、come back be back 4、leave be away（be not here）5、buy have6、borrow keep7、die be dead8、begin be on9、finish be over10、open be open11、close be closed12、lose be lost 13、get to know know14、turn on be on15、 get up be up16、sit down sit/beseated17、join be in（ ）或 be a memb

18、er18、become be（ 2）用 it issince 結(jié)構(gòu)來替換瞬間動(dòng)詞例如：電影已經(jīng)開映5 分鐘了。（兩種方法）（ 1）The film has been on for five minutes.（ 2） It s five minutes scine the film began.他離開上海已有 3 天了。（兩種方法）（ 1）He has been away from Shanghai for three days.（ 2） It is three days since he left Shanghai.這本書我還給圖書館已有兩周了。（一種方法）It s two weeks sin

19、ce I returned the book to the library.他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一種方法）How long is it since be found his sister?4、瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定形式 可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用例如： I haven t seen you for a long tim（e. 好久沒見到你了。 ）一、單項(xiàng)選擇?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1 、 Both his parents looksad. Maybetheywhat hsappened to him .knew .have known .must know. willknow2、 He hasbe

20、en to Shanghai, has he?.already . never . ever . still 3 、 Have you met Mr.Li？.just . ago .before .a moment ago4、 The famous writerone new bookin the past twoyear . iswriting .waswriting .wrote .has written5、 Our countrya lotso far . Yes. I hope itwillbe even. haschanged ; well .changed; good. hasch

21、anged ; better .changed; better 6、 Zhao Lanalreadyinthis school for twoyears . was; studying . will;study. has; studied. are; studying7、 WeXiaoLi since she was a littlegirl. know .hadknown . haveknown. knew8、 HarryPotter is a very nice film.Iittwice.willsee .haveseen .saw .see9、 These farmers have b

22、een to the UnitedStates . Really? Whenthere?. willthey go .did they go. do they go.have they gone10、youyourhomeworkyet ? Yes. Iita moment ago.Did;do; finished .Have; done; finished.Have; done; have finished .will;do; finish11 、 His fatherthe Party since 1978 .joined.has joined .was inD. has been in

23、12、 Do you knowhim well? Sure .Wefriendssince ten years ago .were. have been. have become . have made第 5 頁(yè) 共 6 頁(yè)13、 Howlonghave you Abouttwomonths.here ?.been .gone .come . arrived14、Hurryup!The playforten minutes.has begun. had begun.has been on. began15、 Ittenyears since he leftthe army .is. has .

24、 will . was16 、 Miss Green isnt in the office.sheto the library. has gone . went .willgo .has been17、MyparentsShandong forten years.have been in . have been to.have gone to . have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom,?A. so theyB. don ttheyC. have theyD. haven tthey 19、has MrWhitebeen a member of Greener China since heto China?A.How soon, comesB. Howoften, gotC. Howlong,cameD. Howfar