“單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)”——主謂一致用法歸納

1、單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)？主謂一致用法歸納名詞作主語(yǔ)<family, class, group, team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指其中一個(gè)個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。His family is a happy one.His family isn ' t large. 他家的人不多。My family all like watching TV . 我們一家人都喜歡看電視邙eople, police, cattle等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，The police are waiting for the boy.The police are sea

2、rching for the thief.People here are very friendly.這兒的人很友好。 'the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”表示一家人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù)。The Smiths are having dinner.“the+ 形容詞”表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，這類詞有： the brave, the poor, the rich,the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, thedeaf and dumb, the injured,the wounded,the unemployed 等。表示抽象概念時(shí)，

3、用單數(shù)形式。 例如： The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.窮人很快樂，富人卻過得不快樂。The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。以S結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式，如 news, maths, physics 等，例如： No newS iS good newS.沒有消息就是好消息。MathS iS very popular in our claSS在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例如：More than one Student haS ever

4、 been to Beijing.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如：Three yearS haS paSSed Since then.Two monthS iS a long holiday.兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。Twenty poundS iSn ' t So heavy. 20 英鎊并不太重。Ten miles isn ' t a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很 長(zhǎng)的距離。Five minus four is one. 5 減 4 等于 1 。<

5、a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；thenumber of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：A number of famous people were invited to party.許多名人都被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)。The number of the students is over eight hundred.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)超過 800 人。A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例

6、如：To see is to believe 眼見為實(shí)。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。主語(yǔ)為 one of , each of, every one of, any one of加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：One of my favorite sports is basketball.Each of them has an English dictionary. 他們每人都有 一本英語(yǔ)詞典。當(dāng)kind of, pair of, glass of等表示確定數(shù)量的名詞短語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與 kind, pa

7、ir, glass等一致。例如：This pair of shoes is Tom 's. 這雙鞋是湯姆的。There are two glasses of water on the table.桌上有兩杯水。A pair of shoes was on the desk.“l(fā)ots of/ a lot of/plenty of/ all/ most/ half / the rest of+ 名詞”或“分?jǐn)?shù) / 百分?jǐn)?shù) + 名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于名詞的數(shù)；若是不可數(shù)名詞，用單數(shù)；若名 詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則用復(fù)數(shù)。這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中 后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。Lots

8、of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earth's surface is coveredwith water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.Most of his time is spent on study.代詞作主語(yǔ)<none與可數(shù)名詞連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)，none 如果代表不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。None of the land has become desert. 這些土地都沒有變 成沙漠。不定代詞 somebody, som

9、eone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything,nobody, no one, nothing作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)， 例如：Is everyone here today?今天大家到齊了嗎？Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。Nobody was in. 沒有人在家。疑問代詞 who, what, which 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 如果說(shuō)話人不知道 具體的內(nèi)容，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。Who lives next door?What 's in the bag?并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)由bot

10、h -and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他 的爸爸和媽媽都是老師。由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Walking and riding are good exercises.但 and 所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)， 這 時(shí) and 后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如：The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教師來(lái)了。（作家和教師指同一個(gè)人 ）The writer and the teacher are coming.作家

11、和老師來(lái)了。 （作家和老師是兩個(gè)人 ）and 前后的并列主語(yǔ)如果表示的是同一個(gè)概念，即前后合起 來(lái)是一個(gè)整體，不可割裂開來(lái)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依然用單數(shù)形式。Going to bed early and getting up early is a goodhabit.A knife and fork is on the table.（ 刀叉和在一起才是完整 的一副。 ）Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.（9A 125） 工作太多休息太少常常導(dǎo)致疾病。<br, either or ，neither nor ,not on

12、ly -butalso,not but，連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。例如：Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是湯姆就是杰克錯(cuò)了。Either you or I am right. 要么你要么我是對(duì)的。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有 with , together with , along with ,as well as，besides ，except ，but ，like,including, in addition to, rather than等詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如：Mike with his father has been to E

13、ngland. 父親去過英格蘭。邁克同他的Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。邁克像The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.與句式有關(guān)的主謂一致由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的 具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一 般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.在地點(diǎn)置于句首的倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主 語(yǔ)一致。如：Here

14、comes Simon.Here are some books and paper for you.這是給你的書和紙。Between the two windows hangs a picture.There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與臨近的主語(yǔ)一致，即“就近 原則”。例如：There is a book and three pens on the desk.桌子上有一本書，三只鋼筆。關(guān)系代詞 who, that, which 等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。Those who want to go please put up your hands.Some of

15、 the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.以下為高中階段主謂一致內(nèi)容，僅供參考如果主語(yǔ)有 more than one 或 many a 構(gòu)成，盡管從意 義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.Many a student has been to Shanghai.許多學(xué)生到過上海。主語(yǔ)是 each/every/no+ 單數(shù)名詞 +and(each/every)+ 單 數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

16、例如：Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。Every man and every woman is at work.每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：One and a half hours is enough.一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。One and a half bananas is left on the table.在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which”引導(dǎo)