定語從句與名詞性從句的區(qū)別(精校版)

1、當然有區(qū)別了從它們的名字就可以看的出來。最關(guān)鍵的一點:名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句,這些從句分別在整個句子中作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。而定語從句在整個句子中作定語,起修飾作用。具體用法如下:名詞從句名詞從句有四類:賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。例如:賓語從句:I dont know where he will go.主語從句:Where he will go is unknown.表語從句:The problem is how we can get so much money.同位語從句:We all feel sorry about the news

2、that he failed in the game.下面幾點是學(xué)習(xí)名詞從句要加以注意的:1.whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句表達“是否”意,(即引導(dǎo)賓語從句時if和whether可以互換但以下幾種名詞從句要用whether(不用if引導(dǎo):(1引導(dǎo)主語從句,且在句首時。例:Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis.(2引導(dǎo)表語從句時。例The problem is whether he can get a job.(3引導(dǎo)同位語從句時。例:I

3、have no idea whether he will come.(4介詞后的whether從句。例:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.2.位于句首引導(dǎo)主語從句的that不可忘。例如:That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.3.在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,that從句謂語有時用(shoulddo這樣的虛擬語氣形式。例

4、如:It is suggested that we(should improve the relations between us.It is a pity that one(should stay in one place all ones life.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings(缺點.4.在“The reason whyis that”句式中that不要誤為because.例如:The reason why he didnt go to school yesterday is th

5、at he was ill.5.名詞從句中that,what用法比較:引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that是連詞,在句中無成份,無意義,而what是連接代詞,what=the thing(s that.例如:It was told in yesterdays newspaper that what the students had done was praised by the factory.I know that he will study.I know what he will study.That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.Wha

6、t he works hard at is known to us all.All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(=the person thatheused to be.他和以前大不相同了。6.where在名詞從句中的使用特點:where在名詞從句中有時可以變?yōu)椤皌he place where”,有時可以變?yōu)椤敖樵~+the place where”形式。例如:主從:Where(=The place whereshe has gone is still unknown.賓從:Would you please te

7、ll me where(=the place where Mr Smith lives?表從:Your dictionary remains where(=in/at the place whereyou put.同位從:Have you any idea where(=of the place where she is spending her holidays?7.無論是哪種名詞從句都是陳述語序。例如:I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.當一個特殊疑問句本身就是陳述語序(即“主+謂+(賓”或“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu),將其變

8、為間接引語(即賓語從句時,無需改變語序。例如:Whats the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather. = =定語從句一、定語從句與引導(dǎo)詞定語從句是在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做選行詞,而引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞,有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩類。懂得什么樣的先行詞后用什么樣的引導(dǎo)詞是學(xué)好定語從句的關(guān)鍵。1.關(guān)系代詞有:that,which

9、,who,whom,whose,在定語從句中作主語、賓語中表語,whose 作定語。代人的有:who,whom,whose,that;代物的有:that,which,whose.例如:The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人,在定語從句中作主語That is the person(whom/who/that you want to see.(whom,who,that代人,在定語從句中作賓語,可省略Im not the fool(that you thought me to be.(that代人,在定從中作表語A dictionary is a use

10、ful book which(=that tells us the meaning of words(which或that代物,在定從中作主語2.關(guān)系副詞有:when(指時間,where(指地點,why(指原因,在定語從句中作狀語。例如:Would you suggest a time(when we can have a talk?(when可省略The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting. 注意:不是表時間的先行詞都用when引導(dǎo)定從,不

11、是表地點的先行詞都用where引導(dǎo)定從。例如:Well visit the factory which(=that makes radios.(which或that在定從中作主語,where不可用主語,故不可用They still remember the happy days(which/that they spent in Beidaihe.(which或that在定從中作spent的賓語,when不可作賓語,故不可用二、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句和主句之間不用逗號分開,修飾主句中的某一個名詞或名詞詞組或代詞;非限制性定語從句常用逗號和主句隔開,可以修飾主句中的某一個詞

12、,也可修飾整個句子。非限制性定語從句不能用that引導(dǎo),引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞不能省略。非限制性定語從句例:Li Pings father, who w orks in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句內(nèi)容,因前后兩句是因果關(guān)系,此時which不可換為as。He is good at physics, as is known to us all.=As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句內(nèi)容,

13、在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe這類結(jié)構(gòu)中as不可換為which三、只用that引導(dǎo)和不用that引導(dǎo)的場合1.只用that引導(dǎo)的場合1當先行詞既包括人又包括物時:He talked about the men and the books that attracted him.2指物的先行詞被any, every, only, very, all, no等修飾時:These are the very points that interest me./Thats the only watch that I like most.3指物的先行

14、詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時:The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.4先行詞是指物的不定代詞all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等時:There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?5先行詞是who時:Who that have seen him does not

15、like him?2.不用that的場合如下:1非限制性定語從句中Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the LongMarch .2介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前時This is the man from whom I learnt the news3句中出現(xiàn)了that,或先行詞是that時I have found that which I was looking for.四、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”用法1.介詞的確定應(yīng)依據(jù)定語從句中短語的習(xí)慣性搭配,例如:Who is the girl with whom you just shook ha

16、nds?(shake hands with是習(xí)慣性搭配2.介詞常受先行詞的制約(即介詞和先行詞的搭配,例如:He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope3.當關(guān)系代詞作“動詞+介詞”固定短語的賓語時,此時因定短語中的介詞不能拆開移到關(guān)系代詞前。例如:This is the watch which youre looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.五、幾個名詞后的引導(dǎo)詞1. situation后常用where,in which引導(dǎo)定語從句:Can you imagine a situation where/inwhich you can