現(xiàn)在完成時用法講解

1、現(xiàn)在完成時一、基本構(gòu)成1肯定句： 主語（第一、二人稱，第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)） +have +過去分詞 + 其他主語（第三人稱單數(shù)） +has+過去分詞 + 其他2否定句： 主語 + have/has +not +過去分詞 + 其他3一般疑問句： Have/Has+ 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他？4特殊疑問句： 特殊疑問詞 +have/has +主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他？5. 規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞和過去式構(gòu)成相同，都是在詞尾加-ed 。6. 不規(guī)則的，大致分為以下幾種類型：1) 原形中的元音字母有變化 :get-got-got, sit sat-sat win-won-won spit- spat-

2、spat shine shone- shone find- found- found hold-held-held meet- met-met stand- stood-stood understand-understood-understood feed- fed-fed hang-hung-hung2) 原形中的輔音字母有變化 :make-made-madespill-spilt-spiltsend-sent-sentlend- lent- lenthave/ has-had-had spend-spent-spentbuild-built-built3) 在原形后加 t 或 d:spoi

3、l-spoilt-spoiltlearn-learnt-learntmean-meant-meanthear-heard-heardpay-paid-paidsay-said-saidlose-lost-lostlay-laid-laid4) 原形中的元音字母和輔音字母都有變化 :feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smelt spell-spelt spelt keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left sell-sold-sold tell-told-told catch-caugh

4、t-caught teach-taught-taught buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought think-thought-thought wear-wore-worn5) 與原形相同 :hit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtset-set-setshut-shut shutlet-let-letput-put-putread-read-readcost-cost-costcut-cut-cut還有些不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞與過去式不相同, 為便于記憶 , 也分類如下 :1) 原形中的元音字母有變化 :ring-rang-rungsing-sa

5、ng-sungdrink-drank-drunkswim-swam-swumbegin-began-begunsink-sank-sunk2) 在原形上加 en:eat-ate-eatenfall-fell-fallenride-rode-ridden write-wrote- writtenbe-was/were-beenrise-rose-risenforget-forgot-forgotten3) 在原形上加 n:see-saw-seengive-gave-givendrive-drove-driventake-took-takenmistake-mistook-mistakendraw

6、-drew-drawnblow-blew-blowngrow-grew-grownknow-knew-knownshow-showed-shownthrow-threw-thrown4) 在過去式上加 n:steal-stole-stolenwake-woke-wokenbreak-brokenbrokenchoose-chose-chosenspeak-spoke-spoken6)與原形相同 :come-came-comerun-ran-runbecome-became-become7) 原形、過去式和過去分詞都不相同的 :do-did-donego-went-gonefly-flew-fl

7、ownlie-lay-lain個別動詞有兩個過去式和過去分詞,一個為規(guī)則變化 , 另一個為不規(guī)則變化 :learn-learned-learnedshined-shinedsmellsmelled-smelledlearnt-learntshineshone-shonesmelt-smeltwake-waked-wakedspelled-spelledwoke-wokenspell-speltspelt二、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法用法：現(xiàn)在完成時既涉及過去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在。1 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與 just （剛剛）， already （已經(jīng)）， never （從來

8、沒有）， ever （曾經(jīng)）， before（仍然）， once （一次）， twice （兩次）， many times（很多次）， how many timesso far （迄今為止）， during the past（last ）three years（最近三年來）等連用。（以前）， yet（多少次），副詞的位置：just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后， He has just come .never表示否定 , 放在 have / has后 , He has never visited the Great Wall.ever 用于疑問句中 , 句型為 : Have / H

9、as主語 ever過去分詞？ “ 曾經(jīng) 過嗎？ ”用于詢問某人過去的經(jīng)歷。 Have you ever been to the farm？before用于句末， The woman has never heard of that before.yet用于句末或 not之后 .Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.already用于肯定句 , have / has之后或句末 .We have already finished it. so far( 迄今為止 ) 用于句首或句末 . So far, we have visited the moon.2 表示

10、過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示過去的某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括 “現(xiàn)在 ”在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用。如：these days, by the end of ,（到。為止） since( 自從。以來 )（ 1 ） Shes been there for over， for + 一段時間，so far (two years她在那兩年多了。到目前為止)（ 2 ） Theyve lived here since 1989.辨析： since和 for1) since 的四種用法since +過去一個時間點(diǎn)( 如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month,

11、 half past six)I have been here since 1989.since +一段時間 + agoI have been here since five months ago.since +從句Great changes have taken place since you left.It is +一段時間 + since從句It is two years since I became a teacher.當(dāng) since 和 for 與完成時態(tài)連用時，兩個詞容易混淆。 for 表示事情延續(xù)的時間。 since 表示事情是什么時候開始的。如：She has been in

12、the U.S.A. for six years.She has been in the U.S.A. since six years ago.她在美國已有 6 年了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)時間的過程）從 6 年前到現(xiàn)在她一直住在美國。 （強(qiáng)調(diào)時間的點(diǎn)）三、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別1. 過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。2. 過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week， ago, in1980, in Octob

13、er, just now,具體的時間狀語共同的時間狀語: this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before,already, recently，lately現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just,yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不確定的時間狀語3.現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn,work, study, know.過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有 com

14、e, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等?，F(xiàn)在完成時與中考題()1 I_a letter from him since he left（天津市）A didn't receiveB haven't gotC didn't haveDhaven't heard)2 We have lived here _ five years ago（河南?。〢 whenB sinceC beforeD after)3 I have watched the game When you _ it？（長沙市）A ha

15、ve ；watchedBdo ；watchCdid ； watchD will ；watch)4 How do you like Beijing，Mr Black ？ Oh ，I _ such a beautiful city（江西?。〢 don't visitBdidn't visitChaven't visitedDhadn't visited()5 Theoldpeople_lonelyatallsincewebegantovisitthemonceweek （廣州市）A don't feelB hasn't feltC haven'

16、;t feltD didn't feel()6 My grandfather_in the small town all his lifeHe always says he likesthe town（四川?。゛(A livedB have livedChas livedD is living)7 His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he came to Yunnan（昆明市）A afterB beforeC sinceDfor()8 His grandpa _ for two years（廣西）A was diedBhas been deadC was deadD has died不規(guī)則的，大致分為以下幾種類型：1）AAA型（即動詞過去式、過去分詞與動詞原形相同）。如：原形過去式過去分詞costcostcostcutcutcut2）ABB型（即動詞過去式與過去分詞相同）。如：bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtsmellsmeltsmelt3）ABAs