虛擬語(yǔ)氣導(dǎo)學(xué)案及答案

1、.M6 U3Grammar Unreal conditionals 虛擬語(yǔ)氣【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】 Students are expected to learn when to useUnreal conditionalsand howto use Unreal conditionals .【知識(shí)準(zhǔn)備】英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣分為陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣、虛擬語(yǔ)氣三類。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。條件狀語(yǔ)從句分類條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)或?qū)嶋H可能性

2、不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。eg：1. If he doesn't hurry up,he will miss the bus.2.If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories.3.If I were you,I would go at once.4.If there were no air,people would die.以上四句中和是真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣；和是虛擬語(yǔ)氣【自主探究】一、狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(一 ) if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句1 If I had time, I would attend the meeting.2. If I were

3、you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.3. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.4. If he had come earlier, he wouldn t have missed the first bus.5If the headmaster came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.6If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would b

4、e put off.7If he should make a mistake, you should not blame him.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反感悟：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反1. If I were a doctor, I might save her life without hesitation.2. If I stayed at home now, I could play computer games.總結(jié)形式：時(shí)態(tài)if 條件從句主 句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式 be (were)Would /could/should /might +動(dòng)詞原形練一練： If I we

5、re_If I had time, _譯一譯 : 1.要是他現(xiàn)在在這兒，我們就會(huì)問(wèn)他關(guān)于這件事。If he were here now , we would ask him about it .2.即使她現(xiàn)在在這兒，她也不能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Even though she were/was here , she couldn't solve the problem.感悟：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反;.1. If I had earned a lot of money last year, I would have bought a car.2. If the earthquake hadn happe

6、nedt in Wen chuan in 2008, many people wouldn havet lostfamilies.總結(jié)形式：時(shí)態(tài)if條件從 句主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成式would /could/should/might(not) +havedone練一練： 1. If the farmer hadnt seen the snake, he _ (not put) it in the arms.2. If he _ (not put) it in the arms, the snake wouldn t have bitten him.3. If the snake _

7、(not bite) him, he_ (not die).4.If my lawyer _(not be here ) last Saturday , he _(prevent ) me fromgoing .4如果我好好學(xué)習(xí)_如果昨天我聽你的建議，_如果我更小心地開車，_如果上個(gè)月沒下雨，_感悟：與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反1. In the future, if I had 10,000,000 yuan, I would buy a house.2. If the water in the Pacific Ocean were to be poured out, it wouldn t stop m

8、y love.3. If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.總結(jié)形式 :時(shí)態(tài)if 條件從句主句與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反練一練：1. If everyone _ (help) those in need in future, the world would be a much better place.2. If it _ (be) fine this weekend, we would have a picnic.3. If I _(be admit to) a famous university in two years, I

9、would treat you to a big meal.4. If it _(snow) tomorrow, we would go skiing.譯一譯： 1.如果我今天下午看見他了，我會(huì)告訴他的。2.要是我將來(lái)賺了一千萬(wàn)，我就自己建立一個(gè)學(xué)校。3.他要是敢解雇我，我就泄露他所有的秘密。（二）：條件狀語(yǔ)的倒裝：如果條件狀語(yǔ)中有were, had, should 時(shí), 可以倒裝成：Were / Should / Had + 主+其他1. If I were you, I would try it again._, I would try it again.;.2. If he had be

10、en there yesterday, he would have seen the film._ there yesterday, he would have seen the film.3. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn t go out.tomorrow, we wouldn tgo out.注意：在省略句型中，只有had done 的 had 才能省略，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞had 不能省。1If I had time now, I would go to the library.Had I time now,. (誤）（三）錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句：假設(shè)條件從句

11、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。1.If the weather had been fined, the crops would be growing still better.2.If you had followed the teacher s advice, you wouldn t be in the hospital.3.If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you _(know) what we aredoing now.4.If you

12、 _(take) my advice then, you _(現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)有麻煩了 )5. _ her husband _(kill) in the war, she would not be helping others with housework now.（四）：含蓄條件句：有時(shí)虛擬的條件不是通過(guò)條件句來(lái)表示，而是用一些詞或短語(yǔ)，如 without, but for, or , otherwise 等，這種句子叫含蓄條件句。1. But for electricity ( = If it were not for electricity ), there would be no moder

13、n industry.2. Without your help (If it had not been for your help), we could not have succeed.3. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.Key: 1. would not have put2. had not put3. had not bitten/would not have died4.had not been here /would not have prevented練一練：填入合

14、適的動(dòng)詞形式。1） Without air, there _no life on the earth. (be)2） He _ but for his teacher s timely advice. (fail)3） We _ the work better in that case. (do)4） He would have come to see you yesterday morning but he _an importantmeeting to attend. (have)Key:1) would be2) would have failed 3) would have done

15、4) had【鞏固提升】當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練：1. If you _ (speak) to him last time you saw him, you _ (know) what to do now.2. If I _ (have not ) so much work to do , I _ (not miss) the film last night.3. If you _ (hesitate) this moment, you_ (suffer) in future.4. If Mary _ (arrive) today, she must have started three days ago.5

16、. If it _ (snow) last night, it _(be) very cold today.;.6.- Why didn t he come?- He _but she didn t have time. (come)7.She would put on weight but she _(not eat ) enough.Key: 1.had spoken 2.had not had /would not have missed 3.hesitated /would suffer 4.arrived 5.had snowed /would be 6.would have com

17、e 7.didn t eat8. 如果我早上出門帶錢了，現(xiàn)在就不如此尷尬了。9. 要不是你的幫助，我是不會(huì)成功通過(guò)考試的。10. 她感覺不舒服，不然她不會(huì)那么早離開會(huì)場(chǎng)的。11. 如果他沒有生病并且錯(cuò)過(guò)了那么多的課，他就會(huì)取得更大的進(jìn)不了。12. 如果不是你的建議，我們不可能克服這些困難。13. 如果不是窗戶開著睡覺，你就不會(huì)感冒了。14. 我不知道他的電話號(hào)碼，否則的話，我就會(huì)給他打電話了。15. 如果不是英語(yǔ)老師的幫助，我們就不可能贏得英語(yǔ)寫作競(jìng)賽一等獎(jiǎng)了。16.如果我們繼續(xù)這樣折騰地球，我們將來(lái)將無(wú)立足之地。單項(xiàng)選擇1 Were it not for the snowy weather,

18、 we _all right.A. would beB. would have been C. wereD. may be2._more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A. If the captain wereB. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain beD. If the captain would have been3.If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should callB. should not have been ableC. we

19、re not ableD. are not able4.If you asked your father, you _ permission.A. may getB. might getC. should have calledD. maybe get5._today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves6._I you, I would go with him to the party.A. WasB. Had beenC. Will

20、 beD. Were7.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _our chairman now.A. must have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. would be8.If the horse won today, it _ thirty races in five years.A. would have wonB. wonC. must have wonD. did have won;.9. There is a real possibility that these ani

21、mals could be frightened, _a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. should there beC. there was D. there having been10.If you hadn t taken such a long time to get dressed, we d_ there byA. beB. circlesC. is circlingD. be circling11.George would certainly have attended the meeting, _ .A. if he didn t get

22、tireaflatB. if the flat tire hadn t happenedC. had he not had a flat tireD. had the tire not flattened itself12.Without electronic computers, much of today s advanced technology _.A. will not have been achievedB. have not been achievedC. would not have been achievedD. had not been achieved13.He was

23、very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting.A. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. had come14.If I had seen the movie, I _ you all about it now.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. would have told15._ she _ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.A. If, didn t leave B. Had not,

24、 leftC. Hadn t, left D. Didn t, leave16.If you _ smoke, please go outside because this is a non-smoking office.A. mustB. shouldC. canD. may17.If Sanlu Groupmelamine to the milk, the babiestoo much from kidney stone.A. didn t add; would not sufferedB. hadn t added; wouldn tferedhave sufC. hasn t adde

25、d; wouldn t have sufferedD. hadn t added; would have suffered18.If the printer_ break down under guarantee, we would repair it at our expense.A. mayB. couldC. mightD. should19.I _ t he poor rabbit, but I didn t have the right drugs with me at that moment.A. savedB. had savedC. could saveD. could hav

26、e saved20. . But for your timely warning, weinto great trouble. You know we re friends.A. would getB. must have gotC. would have gotD. couldn t have got21. - You promised to come to my dinner party last night but you didn t turn up.- I _, but something unexpected happened just before I left.A. would like to haveB. should like toC. am going toD. like to22. Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I_ it, but I was busy preparing for a job inter