大學(xué)四級英語試卷.

1、大學(xué)四級英語套題閱讀理解Directions:In this section there are some passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements with four choices marked A), B), C), and D).You are supposed to read the passage and make the best choice to complete each question or unfinished statement. Then type t

2、he answer in the blank on the web page. 題數(shù):10; 分?jǐn)?shù) :20 分 ;參考時間 :20 分 0 秒 題 57-61Passage 1For more than years we have known, or could have known, that there is an unconscious to counterbalance consciousness. Medical psychology has furnished all thenecessary empirical ( 經(jīng)驗主義的 ) and experimental proofs

3、of an unconscious psychic reality that demonstrably influences consciousness and behavior. All this is known,but no practical conclusions have been drawn from it. We still go on thinking and acting as if we were simplex and not duplex. Accordingly, we imagine ourselves to beinnocuous, reasonable, an

4、d humane. We do not think of distrusting our motives, or of asking ourselves how the inner man feels about the things we do in the outsideworld, but actually it is frivolous( 無關(guān)緊要的 ), superficial, and unreasonable of us, as well as psychically unhygienic ( 不潔凈的 ), to overlook the reaction andviewpoi

5、nt of the unconscious.One can regard one's stomach or heart as unimportant or even worthy of contempt, but nevertheless overeating and overexertion have consequences that affect thewhole man. Yet we think that psychic mistakes and their consequences can be erased by mere words, for "psychic

6、" means less than air to most people. All the same,nobody can deny that without the psyche there would be no world at all and still less a human world. Virtually everything depends on the human soul and its functions.It is worthy of all the attention we can give it, especially today when everyo

7、ne admits that the weal or woe of the future will be decided of world-wide epidemics, butrather by the psychic changes in man.Only an almost imperceptible disturbance of equilibrium (平衡 ) in a few of our rulers' headscould plunge the world into blood, fire, and radio-activity. Thetechnical means

8、 to this destruction are available to both sides. And certain conscious deliberations, uncontrolled by an inner opponent, can be all too easilyindulged, as we have already seen from the example of one "leader." The consciousness of modern man still clings so much to outward objects that he

9、 believes themexclusively responsible, as if it were on them that decisions depended. That the psychic state of certain individuals could emancipate ( 釋放 ) itself for once from thebehavior of objects is something that is considered far too little, although irrationalities of this sort are observed e

10、very day and can happen to everyone. 57. The author of this selection most likely is a _.A theologianB ministerC psychologistD physician【參考答案】： C【學(xué)生得分】： 2.0【題目解析】：作者在這篇文章里指出長期以來人們對潛意識的作用認(rèn)識不夠，他強調(diào)我們應(yīng)該重視潛意識在人們心理、 行為中的作用， 力求達到潛意識與心理意識之間的平衡。 由此可以推理得知作者是位心理學(xué)者。 58. The author's main purposein writing t

11、his selection was to _.A underscore the importance of the study of psychologyB point out the danger of ignoring the psychic changes in manC emphasize the danger of atomic war to mankindD belittle the importance of man's physical nature【參考答案】： B【學(xué)生得分】： 2.0【題目解析】 ：讀完全文后不難看出，作者在強調(diào)人們應(yīng)該重視潛意識(心理 )作用的同

12、時也提醒人們忽視這種作用會帶來的可能危險，這種危險的論述主要體現(xiàn)在第二段后兩句話中，“不可否認(rèn)沒有了心理， 也就沒有了世界， 沒有了人類社會。 實際上任何事情都取決于人的精神及其功能。 ”所以這篇文章的主要目的就是告誡人們無視人類心理及其變化的危險。因而選擇B)為正確答案。×59. Two words which the author uses interchangeably are_A mind and bodyB heart and soulC soul and psycheD stomach and heart【參考答案】： C【學(xué)生得分】： 0.0【題目解析】 ：文章第二段為

13、答案出處。第三句話講沒有了第四句順承說到“實際上任何事情都取決于人的soul(精神最為psyche(心理 )也就沒有了世界，)及其功能 ”，所以全文交替使用的明顯的一組詞應(yīng)該是psyche 和soul。 60. The writer believes that the fate of the world may depend upon _.A a balance between the conscious and the unconscious is the minds of our leadersB conscious deliberations at the conference tabl

14、eC man' present contentment with his own humanenessD the efforts of scientists to produce the technical means to destroy the enemy【參考答案】： A【學(xué)生得分】： 2.0【題目解析】 ：根據(jù)文章第三段第一句話，: “少數(shù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)心理的木易察覺的紊亂與不平就會把世界推向流血、戰(zhàn)火甚至核戰(zhàn)爭中?！倍易髡哌€借用the example of one“l(fā)eader暗.指?！碧乩諄碜C明他的論斷，所以可以推知世界的和平可以說與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的心理平和息息相關(guān)。×61. I

15、t is implied but not stated that _.A men are too distrustful of their motivesB although motives can be either conscious or unconscious, only the conscious can-direct themC it is unhealthy to delve( 鉆研 )too deeply into one's motivesD the psyche is vital to the functioning of a human world【參考答案】：

16、D【學(xué)生得分】： 0.0【題目解析】：通過對全文的分析，可以看出作者沒有明確提出但已點到的一個論點是人的心理對人類社會的正常運作至關(guān)重要。所以選擇D) 應(yīng)該為正確答案。題 62-66Passage 2Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge.It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knewabout plants, but from what we observe

17、of preindustrial society that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This islogical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid or all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples.Not only

18、 for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter and a great many other purpose. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazonrecognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move

19、 from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows.Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithicancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,00

20、0 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the, nextseason, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivatedcrops. From then on, h

21、umans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little therefrom many varieties that grow wild-and the accumulated knowledge of tents of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild begin to f

22、ade away.×62. Which of the following assumptions about early humans is expressed in the passage?_A They probably had extensive knowledge of plants,B They thought there was no need to cultivate crops.C They did not enjoy the study of botany.D They placed great importance on the ownership of prop

23、erty.【參考答案】： A【學(xué)生得分】： 0.0【題目解析】 ：根據(jù)文章第一段第二句話 : 我們無從知曉我們石器時代的祖先對于植物已掌握了多少知識， 但依據(jù)我們對前工業(yè)化社會的觀察， 對于植物及其特性的詳細(xì)的了解早已存在。由此可以判斷的出選項A) 為正確答案。×63. The comment "This is logical" in Paragraph 1 means _.A there is no clear way to determine the extent of our ancestor's knowledge of plantsB it is

24、 not surprising that early human had a detailed knowledge of plantsC it is reasonable to assume that our ancestors behaved very much like people in preindustrialsocietiesD human knowledge of plants is well organized and very detailed【參考答案】： B【學(xué)生得分】： 0.0【題目解析】 ：作者開篇就提出了他的猜測: 早期的人類對于植物的了解已經(jīng)相當(dāng)豐富而廣泛了；接著

25、就這種猜測他評論到 :這是非常符合常理的；然后他用演繹法對他的評論進行論證。顯而易見選擇 B) 應(yīng)該為本題的正確答案。 64. According to the passage, the first great step toward the practice of agriculture was _.A the invention of agricultural implements and machineryB the development of a system of names for plantsC the discovery of grasses that could be ha

26、rvested and replantedD the changing diets of early humans【參考答案】： C【學(xué)生得分】： 2.0【題目解析】：根據(jù)文中第二段第三句話:當(dāng)一萬年前生活在中東地區(qū)的新石器時代的祖先們發(fā)現(xiàn)了有些草可以收割， 播種下這些草的種子， 來年可得到更多的收獲時， 人類就已邁出了與植物建立新的紐帶的第一步。選項C) 就是這句話的向義轉(zhuǎn)述。 65. The relationship between botany and agriculture is similar to the relationship between zoology (the stud

27、y of animals) and _.Adeer huntingBbird watchingCsheep raisingDhorseback riding【參考答案】： C【學(xué)生得分】： 2.0【題目解析】：根據(jù)作者在文中的論述:谷物的發(fā)現(xiàn)和種植引發(fā)了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的繁榮，從此人類就可以通過種植二些植物從而掌握自己的生活，而無需盲目地在野外找尋食物。其實，人類與動物的關(guān)系也是如此: 當(dāng)人類開始馴化和飼養(yǎng)野生動物后，人類社會的生活就發(fā)生了質(zhì)的變化。所以選項 C)為正確答案。×66. According to the passage, which of the following state

28、ments is NOT true?_A From the existing primitive societies we can learn that our ancient ancestors knew a lot about plants.B Plants are rather important to both ancient and present peoples.C Thousands of years passed before humans entered agricultural age.D With the industrial development, humans ha

29、ve more direct contact with plants.【參考答案】： D【學(xué)生得分】： 0.0【題目解析】：通讀全文后可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有選擇 D) 的論述與原文不符。依據(jù)文章第二段第一句話 : 工業(yè)社會越發(fā)展，人類與植物的親密接觸就越少，人類對于植物的了解就越模糊?？焖匍喿xDirections:In this section you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions.題數(shù) :10;分?jǐn)?shù) :10 分 ;參考時間 :15 分 0 秒 題 67-76Passage 1G

30、enetically Modified Foods-Feed the World?If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered,high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions.Par

31、ticularly in countries with long agrarian traditions-and vocalgreen lobbies the idea seems against nature.In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US lastyear were the product of biotech

32、nology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the USthis year. The genetic is out of the bottle.Risks that the world is facingYet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product e

33、ntering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjectedto rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from and a supply that farexceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-gro

34、wing and underfed populations; the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits ofbiotech outweigh the risks?The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the UN estimates, it will probablynear 9 billion.

35、 Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the world's available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable landhas declined steadily since 1960 and will decease by half over the next 50 years, according to the International Service for the Acquisition of

36、Agri-BiotechApplications (ISAAA).The UN estimates that nearly 800 million people around the world are undernourished. The effects are devastating. About 400 million women of childbearing age areiron deficient, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defects. As many as 100 million chil

37、dren suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause ofblindness. Tens of millions of people suffer from other major ailments and nutritional deficiencies caused by lack of food.How can biotech help?Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta-carotene( -胡蘿

38、卜素 ) which the body converts into vitamin A and additionaliron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity m places where food shortages are caused bycrop damage attribution to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteri

39、a or fungi.Damage caused by pests is incredible. The European corn borer, for example, destroys 40 million tons of the world's corn crop annually, about 7% of the total.Incorporating pest-resistant genes into seeds can help restore the balance. In trials of pest-resistant cotton in Africa, yield

40、s have increased significantly. So far,fears that genetically modified, pest-resistant crops .might kill good insects as well as bad appear unfounded.Viruses often cause massive failure in staple crops in developing countries. Two years ago, Africa lost more than half its cassava crop a key source o

41、f caloriesto the mosaic virus. Genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water shortages limit theamount of land under cultivation. Biotech can also help solve the problem of soil that contains excess aluminum, which can damage

42、 roots and cause many staple-cropfailures. A gene that helps neutralize aluminum toxicity in rice has been identified.Many scientists believe biotech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25% and help prevent the loss of those crops after theyare harvested.Far from

43、 being the whole answerYet for all that promise, biotech is far from being the whole answer. In developing countries, lost crops are only one cause of hunger. Poverty plays the largestrole. Making genetically modified crops available will not reduce hunger if farmers cannot afford to grow them or if

44、 the local population cannot afford to buy the foodthose farmers produce.Nor can biotech overcome the challenge of distributing food in developing countries. Taken as a whole, the world produces enough food to feed everyone but much ofit is simply in the wrong place. Especially in countries with und

45、eveloped' transport infrastructures, geography restricts food availability as dramatically as geneticspromises to improve it.Biotech has its own "distribution" problems. Private-sector biotech companies in the rich countries carry out much of the leading-edge research on geneticallymod

46、ified crops. Their products are often too costly for poor farmers in the developing world, and many of those products won't even reach the regions where they aremost needed. Biotech firms have a strong financial incentive to target rich markets first in order to help them rapidly recoup( 重獲 )the

47、 high costs of productdevelopment. But some of these companies are responding to needs of poor countries, A London-based company, for example, has announced that it will share withdeveloping countries technology needed to produce vitamin-enriched "golden rice".More and more biotech researc

48、h is being carried out in developing countries. But to increase the impact of genetic research on the food production of thosecountries, there is a need for better collaboration between government agencies both local and in developed countries and private biotech firms. The ISAAA, forexample, is suc

49、cessfully partnering with the US Agency for International Development, local researches and private biotech companies to find and deliver biotechsolutions for farmers in developing countries.Will "Frankenfoods" feed the world? Biotech is not a panacea( 萬靈藥 ), but it does promise to transfo

50、rm agriculture in many developing countries. If that promiseis not fulfilled, the real losers will be their people, who could suffer for years to come. 67. It is in the developed countries that biotech-produced foods are under more heated discussion. _Y NNG【參考答案】： N【學(xué)生得分】： 1.0【題目解析】：根據(jù)文章 "Risks

51、 that the world is facing" 部分可知， 因為發(fā)展中國家要養(yǎng)活其迅速增長而又吃不飽的人口，要論證生物技術(shù)生產(chǎn)的事物是否利大手弊的問題更加緊迫，也更引起人們的關(guān)注。 而在富裕的國家里， 由于有大量豐富的食品可供選擇， 而且供應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過需求，所以關(guān)于生物技術(shù)的爭論相對緩和一些。×68. According to the UN estimates arable land around the world has been declining since 1960and will decrease by half in 50 years. _YNNG【參考答

52、案】： N【學(xué)生得分】： 0.0【題目解析】：根據(jù)文章 “Risks that the world is facing部分可”知，國際農(nóng)業(yè)生物工程應(yīng)用授術(shù)采購管理局 (ISAAA) 稱 : 自 1960 年以來，耕地面積一直持續(xù)下降，并將在今后50 年減少一半。此估計不是聯(lián)合國提出的。× 69. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta-carotene and vitamin A. _Y N NG【參考答案】： N【學(xué)生得分】： 0.0【題目解析】：根據(jù)

53、文章 “How can biotech help? 部”分可知，生物技術(shù)專家已經(jīng)培育出了含有-胡蘿卜素的轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻， 而身體可將 -胡蘿卜素轉(zhuǎn)化為維生素 A ，所以并不是說轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻種本身就含有維生素A 。故此項論述錯誤。×70. The trials of pest-resistant crops around the world have increased the output greatly. _YNNG【參考答案】： NG【學(xué)生得分】： 0.0【題目解析】：文章 “How can biotech help? 部”分只提到了在非洲進行的抗蟲害棉花試驗中，棉花的產(chǎn)量已大幅度提高

54、，并未提及世界范圍內(nèi)的抗蟲害作物試驗有很大成效。71. According to the passage, biotech can add nutritionto the crops, produce virus -resistantcrops and drought tolerant seeds, and even can solve the problem ofsoil that contains excess aluminum. _YNNG【參考答案】： Y【學(xué)生得分】： 1.0【題目解析】：根據(jù)文章 "How can biotech help?" 部分可知，此論述中

55、的功效轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)都可以達到。所以此項論述是正確的。 72. The only problem that prevents genetically modified crops from being available for developing countries is poverty. _Y NNG【參考答案】： N【學(xué)生得分】： 1.0【題目解析】：根據(jù)文章 "Far from being the whole answer 部分”可知，除了貧窮問題，地理條件的限制， 運輸不便， 轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)品的高昂費用也是轉(zhuǎn)基因食品不能解決發(fā)展中國家溫飽問題的原因。所以此項論述不正確。 73. To regain the high costs of product development, all the biotech, c