必修4動詞ing形式作表語、定語、賓語、補足語和狀語

1、1動詞的 ing 形式作表語，定語，賓補和狀語一、動詞-ing 形式作表語1.表示主語的內(nèi)容，可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作主語Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clea n as possible. =keeping the lecture hall as clean aspossible is her jobHis hobby is painting. = Painting is his job.2.表示主語具有的特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)(動詞 ing 相當一個形容詞)，作表語用的現(xiàn) 在分詞，許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動詞變化而來的。常見的有：astonis

2、hing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring,interesting, surprising, puzzling, exciting 等(這類分詞表示 “令人 . 的”含義)。如：The problem is quite puzzli ng.The n ews soun ds encouraging.二、動詞-ing 形式作定語1. 單個的動詞-ing 形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。1說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。a read ing room = a roo

3、m which is used for read ingrunning shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a worki ng method =a method for worki ng 工作方法read ing materia I 閱讀材料No one is allowed to speak loud in the read ing room.There is a swimmi ng pool in our school.2表示所修飾的人或物的動作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個定語從句，可以表示正在進行的動作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動作或當時的狀態(tài)。(注意動名詞作定語說明被修飾詞作用意

4、義；現(xiàn)在分詞做定語說明被修飾詞正在做什么)develop ing coun tries = coun tries that are develop in改展中國家an ordin ary-look ing house = a house that looks ordi nary 看起來很普通的房子a puzzli ng problem = a problem that puzzles somebod 困擾人的問題sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 walking stick 手杖living room 起居室 running water 自來水2.作定語的動詞-ing 形式如是一個短語，

5、則應放在被修飾詞的后面，做后置定語, 相當于一個定語從句。They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south)他們住在一所朝南的房子里。Do you know the boy playing basket? (=Who is playing basket)你認識在打籃球的那個小男孩嗎？The man visiting Japan (二the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle正在訪問日本的那個男人是我的叔叔。In the following years he worked even h

6、ard.2在接下來的幾年中，他工作更努力了。The man talking to(二the man who is talking to) the teacher is our monitofather. 正在與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。三、動詞-ing 形式作賓補1、動詞-ing 形式作賓語補足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個正在進行的主動性的 動作，強調(diào)一個過程或一種狀態(tài)。Whe n we retur ned, we found a stra nger sta nding in front of the house.2、 當主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結構時，原來作賓語補足語的動詞-ing 形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為

7、主語補 足語。They found the film very excit ing. = The film is found very excit ing.3、能用-ing 形式作賓語補足語的幾類動詞：1）表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動詞，（常見的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe,look at, catch, listen to 等） + sb + doing sth （作賓補）I felt somebody sta nding behi nd me.I caught a stra nger slidi ng into the man

8、 ageoffice.2）表示指使意義的動詞使役動詞， （常見的有 have, set, keep, get, leav 等）+sb/ sth + doingsth （作賓補）We kept the fire burni ng all ni ght Ion g.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。I won t have you running about inethoo m.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。This sets me thi nki ng.You should ntkeep your lights bur ning in the day.4、see, hear, feel, watch 等動詞之后

9、用-ing 形式和動詞不定式（省 to）作賓語 補足語的區(qū)別：We heard the telepho ne ring.We heard the telepho ne ringing.前者表示動作正在進行，后者表示（或強調(diào)）動作的全過程。四、動詞-ing 形式作狀語動詞-ing 形式可以作狀語，在句中表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、行為 方式或伴隨情況等，相當于相對應的狀語從句。動詞-ing 形式作時間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時多位于句首；作結果、伴隨情 況狀語時常位于句末。1 表示時間， 相當于一個時間狀語從句。 （有時可在動詞-ing 前加一個表時間的 連詞， 如 when,while 等

10、）Havi ng made full preparatio ns, we are ready for the exam in ati on.我們已經(jīng)作好了充分準備，現(xiàn)在可以應考了。（=After we have made full preparati on s.）Heari ng the n ews, they jumped with great joy.Having finished his homework, Henry went home. (= After having finished hishomework/After he had fini shed his homework,

11、Herny went home.) 2 表示原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。Being ill, he did nt go to school yesterday.3由于生病，他昨天沒有上學。 (= Since he was ill.)Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set.( =As he was poor, he couldn t afford a TV set.)Not knowing his phone number, we couldn t get in touch with him. (= Because wedidnt know his pho

12、ne number,we couldnt get in touch with him.)3 表示結果，相當于一個并列謂語。His father died, leaving him a lot of money.= and left him a lot of money. 他父親死了，留給他許多錢 .European football is played in 80 countries, making is the most popular sport in theworld.(= European football is played in 80 countries; as a result,

13、 it becomes the mostpopular sport in the world.)4 表示條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句。Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.=If you work hard at your lessons. 如果你努力學習，就一定能成功。Using your head, youll find a good way. (= If you use your head, you ll find a goodway.)Driving too fast, you ll damage the car. (=If yo

14、u drive too fast, youll damage the car)5 表示讓步，相當于一個讓步狀語從句。Although toiling all the year round (=Although he was toiling all theyear round), the poorpeasant couldnt afford to send his children to school. 這位貧苦的農(nóng)民，盡管終年勞累，還是無力送孩子上學。Weighing almost one hundred jin (=Though it weighed almost one hundred j

15、in), the boxwas lifted by him with one hand.6 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補充說明，相當于一個并列結構。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.= .and stared at the sky for a long time 他躺在草地上，長時間地望著天空。The six blind men stood all day long by the roadside, begging for money (=they werebegging for money).這六個盲人整天站在路邊乞

16、討。He went out, slamming the door (=he slammed the door). 他走出去，砰地一聲把門帶上。一、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換(用動詞 -ing 形式)1.The bus was held up by the snowstorm, so it caused the delay.The bus was held up by the snowstorm, _ the delay.2._ John watched curiously and thought that the womanseemed a little crazy. John watched curious

17、ly,that the woman seemed a little crazy.43.While I was waiting for the train, I had a long talk with him._for the train, I had a long talk with him.4.Because I was ill, I stayed at home._, I stayed at home.5.If you turn right at the second crossing, you will find the post office.right at the secondc

18、rossing, you will find the post office. 6.Because she had been beaten by a snake, she wasfrightened at it. _ _by a snake, she was frightened at it. 二、選擇填空1. Though I have often heard this song _ , I have never heard you _ it.A. being sung; sang B. sang; singing C. sung; sing D. to be sung; to sing2.

19、 It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night.A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned3. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of apassenger.A. putB. to be putting C. to put D. putting4. Did you meet anyone _ at the party?No, in fact, I found the party rather _ .A. intere

20、sting; boringB. interested; boringC. interesting; bored D. interested; bored5. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.A. to have stolen B. to be stealingC. to steal D. stealing6. Don t leave the water_ while you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC. being run D. to run7. The _ boy was

21、last seen _ near the East Lake.A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smoke9._ His job isall the children.A.look after B.looked after C.looking after10. -Do you know the girl

22、 _ near the window?-She is my deskmate.A.seating B.standing C.is sitting11. What worried the boy most was _ to visit his father is the hospital.C.his not been allowedD.his being not allowed12. Is it possible for a Chinese school to accept the policy _the use of mobilephones on campus?A.permitting B.

23、to permit C.permitted D.being permitted13. -Was yesterdays conference successful?-Not really. The number of _was much smaller than we had expected.A.people who attend B.people attended C.people attending D.people attend14._ such a good chance, how could she let it slip?A.Having been given B.Having g

24、iven C.To being given D.To have given15. Living near the sea, _ .A.we enjoy fresh air and beautiful sight.B.fresh air and beautiful is what we enjoyC.it is fresh and beautiful sight is what we enjoyD. smokedD.having looked afterA.his not being allowedB.his not allowing5D.so we enjoy fresh and beauti

25、ful sight16._Thinking about thefact that I was not well prepared ,and _ to lose my face,I gave up the English contest.A.not wanting B.not want C.not wanted D.not to want17. There are many mistakes in his essay, _his failure.A.which results B.leading to C.led to D.that led to18._such heavy loss, the

26、businessman doest nhave the courage to go on.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered19._ the project,they have to stay there for another two weeks.A.Not completingB.Not completedC.Not having completedD.Having not completed20. Though _ natural resources, the area is well developed.A.lack

27、ed B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in21._ , he seems to be very nervous.A.Judge from appearance B.Judges from appearanceC.Judged from appearance D.Judging from appearan動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞用法的區(qū)別動詞的 -ing 形式按功能可分為動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。首先，動詞的 -ing 形式在起名詞作用 時，稱為動名詞；用作形容詞或副詞時，稱為現(xiàn)在分詞。一、 動詞的 -ing 形式用作主語時為動名詞 ，現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作主語。1動名詞用作主語 .

28、Reading French is easier than speaking it. 閱讀法文比講法語容易。2有時 it 作形式主語，把動名詞主語放在句子后面It nso use talking with him. 在這里碰到你真是奇跡。It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本書是浪費時間。3.“ There is + n 后可以用動名詞作主語There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很難說。There was no arguing with her. 沒法和她爭論。二、 動詞的 -ing 形式用作

29、賓語時為動名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作賓語。1有許多動詞可接動名詞作賓語I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建議結束會議。 2有許多帶介詞的動詞固定搭配接動名詞作賓語6He has given up playing football. 他現(xiàn)在不踢足球了。三、 當動詞的 -ing 形式用作狀語時為現(xiàn)在分詞，動名詞不可以用作狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞及其短語可以用作狀語，表示 時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨 情 況等。其動作可能發(fā)生在謂語之前或之后，也可能與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生。Climbing to the top of the tower, w

30、e saw a magnificent view.我們爬到塔頂后，看到了一片壯麗的景象。（表時間）Living in the country, we had few social engagements. 我們住在鄉(xiāng)下，交際的機會很少。（表原因）Having money, he will buy a bigger car. （表條件）Knowing the secret, she would not tell me about it. （表讓步）The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. 那孩子跌倒了，頭

31、碰在門上碰破了 .（表結果）He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墻站著 .（表方式或伴隨情況）四、 動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作表語， 當動詞的 -ing 的作用相當于名詞時為動名詞。 當動 詞的 -ing 的作用相當于形容詞時，動詞的 -ing 為現(xiàn)在分詞。1動名詞用作表語Her hobby is painting. 她的愛好是繪畫。 Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及時到達那里。2現(xiàn)在分詞用作表語The news is

32、 encouraging. 這消息令人鼓舞。 This story is very interesting. 這個故事很有趣。The day was so charming. 天氣真是好極了。 The difference was most striking. 差別很明顯。五、動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語現(xiàn)在分詞表示其所修飾的名詞的動作，即 : 現(xiàn)在分詞與其所修飾的名詞在邏輯上具有主 謂關系。通常能改為一個定語從句。動名詞則表示其修飾的名詞的性質(zhì)，或用途或功能 . 兩 者在邏輯上無主謂關系。因此，只能改為一個 for 加動名詞的短語。 1動名詞作定語，動名詞表性質(zhì)或用途或功能。swimmin

33、g pool 游泳池 drinking water 飲用水 swimming suit 游泳衣72現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 developingcountries 發(fā)展中國家 growingdoubts 越來越大的懷疑 theremaining days 剩下的歲月a booming town 日漸繁榮的城鎮(zhèn) theexisting condition 現(xiàn)有條件 lastingpeace 持久的和平8六、 動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作補語， 但現(xiàn)在分詞用作賓語補語時， 與前面的賓語構成 復 合賓語。具有這種復合賓語的動詞多為表示感覺的動詞，如： smell, observe, watch, notice,

34、 look at, listen to 等。另外，有些使役動詞如have, set, get, catch, keep, leave 等可以后面接含有現(xiàn)在分詞的復合賓語。還有，作為賓語補語的現(xiàn)在分詞有時前面可有as,前面的動詞多用 regard,consider, describe, see, think of 等。現(xiàn)在分詞用作主語補語，多用在被動結構中，與主語構 成復合主語。而動名詞作補語對相應的動詞卻沒這些規(guī)定。1動名詞用作補語I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管這叫做拆東墻補西墻。（ robbing 是賓語補語）This is called

35、turning things upside down. 這叫做把事物顛倒了。（ turning 是主語補語） 2現(xiàn)在分詞用作補語We found him waiting to receive us. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他等著歡迎我們。We kept the fire burning all the time. 我們使火一直燃燒著。They described the young man as having initiative and drive. 他們說這青年積極肯干。He was seen going upstairs. 有人看見他上樓?，F(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞練習1. The old farmer,_ t

36、he badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of theburning house, _ for help.A. supporting; calling B. supported by; calledC. being supported by; called D. being supporting; called2. - Oh, it s already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening?- We ll go on with the matter_

37、this afternoon.A. be discussed B. being discussing C. discussed D. which discussed3. The brave man died,_ his young wife nothing but a_ cottage.A. left; breaking B. leaving; broken C. left; broken D. to leave; breaking4. _hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam.A. Having been workedB. Not

38、to have workedC. Having never workedD. Never have worked5. _the exam, the boy was punished by his father.A. No passing B. Having passedC. Not passing D. Not having passed6. Time_, I can have done it better.8._ into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now.A. permit B. be permit

39、ted7._ , the boy couldnA. Since the key has lostC. Lost the keyC. permitting D. to permit tenter his house.B. The key been lostD. Having lost the key9A. Being translatedB. Having translatedC. To be translatedD. Having been translated9._for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous andwas at a loss what to do.A. Having blamed B. To blame C. Being to be blame D. Being to blame10._ from heart troub