經(jīng)典全面中考定語(yǔ)從句講解與練習(xí)含答案

1、定語(yǔ)從句（一）關(guān)系代詞The Attributive Clause- Relative Pronoun一、 定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后，對(duì)其先行詞起限定作用。二、關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。三、關(guān)系代詞代替人代替物代替人或物主語(yǔ)whowhichthat賓語(yǔ)whom/whowhichthat定語(yǔ)whosewhose1. that的用法that既可以指人，也可以指物，指人時(shí)可與who, w

2、hom互換，指物時(shí)有時(shí)可與which互換。在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。His father works in a factory that/which makes car. 他父親在一家汽車(chē)制造廠工作。作主語(yǔ)，指物The lady (that/who/whom) I want to visit taught me French at that time.我要去 拜訪的那位女士那個(gè)時(shí)候教我法語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)，指人The school that/which we visited yesterday is a good one.我們昨天參觀的學(xué)校是所好學(xué)校。作賓語(yǔ)，指物2. which的用法which一

3、般指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略（放在介詞后除外）。Which也可以指代這個(gè)主句。A dictionary is a book which/that gives the meaning of words. 字典就是講解單詞意思的書(shū)作主語(yǔ)Here is the book (which/that) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 這就是老師昨天說(shuō)得那本書(shū)作賓語(yǔ)The sun heats the sun, which makes it possible for man to live.太陽(yáng)給地球熱量，這使得人類能夠生存。 代替整個(gè)主句3. who/

4、whom的用法Whom在從句中用作賓語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在僅用于正式文體。用who代替whom在從句中做賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)用于口語(yǔ)。如：The gentleman whom Rose encountered addressed her with courtesy.羅斯遇到的那位先生很有禮貌地和她講話。（正式文體）The man who I saw is called Smith.我見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)人名叫史密斯。（非正式文體）在口語(yǔ)中，who, whom, which在從句中做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常省去。如：I dont like people who talk much but do little. 我不喜歡光說(shuō)不練的人。作主

5、語(yǔ)Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?你認(rèn)識(shí)我們?cè)陂T(mén)口遇見(jiàn)的那個(gè)年輕人嗎？作賓語(yǔ)He didnt become the person who his father wanted him to be.他沒(méi)有成為他父親希望的那種人。作表語(yǔ)注意：whom在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且介詞提到whom前面時(shí)，不能用who代替。I have many friends to whom I will send postcards. 我有許多需要寄賀卡的朋友。4. whose的用法whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)，可以指人也可以指物。The girl wh

6、ose father is a teacher studies very hard. 這個(gè)女孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力，她的父親是教師。指人We have English classes in the classroom whose door is broken.我們?cè)谀莻€(gè)門(mén)壞了的教室上英語(yǔ)課。指物四、限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，從句不可省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 1. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句：主句和從句不隔開(kāi)，從句不能省略，否則

7、就會(huì)失掉意義不能成立。如：He is reading a book which is too difficult for him.Here is the boy who damaged the glass.2. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：主句和從句用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，從句對(duì)修飾的部分起到進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的語(yǔ)意仍保持完整。如： The book is written by Guo Jinming, who is only 19 years old. Bobs father, who was an engineer, spent 4 years in Egypt. Shanghai, w

8、hich is developing fast, has become one of worlds trade centers.【注意】：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用that引導(dǎo) She is very fond of French, which indeed she speaks quite well. which還可以用來(lái)指代上文中的一件事情 Their house is washed away by the floods, which made them very sad. He lost his job finally, which was exactly what we wanted.&#

9、160; 五、關(guān)系代詞的省略引導(dǎo)限制性賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，但作主語(yǔ)和引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不可省略。I have been the city twice（which/that）you just visited.你剛參觀完的那座城市，我去過(guò)兩次。After 10 years, John is not the naughty boy(who/that) he used to be.10年后，約翰已經(jīng)不是當(dāng)年那個(gè)淘氣的男孩了。練一練A. 用符號(hào)標(biāo)出下列句子的主句、定語(yǔ)從句、先行詞和關(guān)系詞：主句：_ 定語(yǔ)從句：（） 先行詞：先行詞關(guān)系詞：that例：This

10、 is the book (that I have been looking for).1. The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.2. Have you bought the book which we talked about?3. I still remember the day which we spent together last week.4. He still lives in the house whose windows face south.5. The boy whose father is a police

11、man speaks English most fluently in our class.6. The girl who you met was Johns sister. B填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2. Yesterday Emmy was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3. The man _ leg was broken in a match was a football player.4. Kevin is reading a book _

12、is too difficult for him.5. The family _ Im staying with lives in the country.6. I know the student _ book was published.7. Betty, _ has never been abroad, is studying English hard.8. My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old.9. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.10. Shanghai is t

13、he city _ I visited last summer. 1 who 2 which/that / 3 whose 4 which/that 5 that/省略6 whose 7 who 8 which / that 9 whom 10 that /which /省略C單項(xiàng)選擇1. Who is the man _ is reading a book over there? （杭州）A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. what 2. The man _ is talking with my teacher is Toms father. （四川眉山）A. whoB.wh

14、omC. whoseD. which 3. Li Mei is the student _ handwriting is the best in our class.（貴州銅仁）A. whoseB. whomC. whoD.that 4. The people _ helped us build our hometown are from Beijing.（四川德陽(yáng)）A. whichB. whomC. who5. There will be a stamp show in the museum _ we visited last week. （嘉興、舟山）A. whoB. whenC. whi

15、chD.what 6. Peter likes music _ is very loud and energetic. （山東臨沂）A. thatB. whoC. whomD. / 7. One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou _ are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake. （揚(yáng)州）A. whatB. whoC. thatD. / 8. Who is your new head teacher this semester?（黃岡）The woman _ is weari

16、ng a red skirt.A. whomB. whoC. whoseD. which 9. Do you know the man _ is reading the book over there? （湖北襄陽(yáng)）Yes, hes Mr. Green, our PE teacher. A. whichB. whatC. whomD. who 10. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. （湖北十堰）A.

17、 whoB. whereC. whenD. which 11. What are you looking for? （長(zhǎng)沙）Im looking for the book _ you lent me yesterday. A. thatB. whoC. whose12. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion _ you had with your dad yesterday. （河南）A. whatB. whichC. whenD. who 1-5AAACC 6-10 ACBDA 11-12AB定語(yǔ)從句（二）關(guān)系副詞The Attributive

18、 Clause- Relative Adverb一、關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在句子中作狀語(yǔ)。常用的關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why, that等。關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜hen表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where表示地點(diǎn)的名詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)whyreason原因狀語(yǔ)二、關(guān)系副詞的用法Ø when的用法when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，它的先行詞通常為time, day, morning, night, week, year等。Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. 我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記來(lái)北京的第一天。He came

19、 at a time when we needed help.他在我們需要幫助的時(shí)候來(lái)了。Ø where的用法where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞通常有place, factory, street, house, room, city, town, country, village, school等。This is the house where I was born. 這就是我出生的房子。The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 他父親工作的那家工廠在城市的東邊。Ø why的用

20、法why 指原因，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞通常是reason。Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒(méi)有人知道他為什么總是遲到。Who can tell me the reason why the train was delayed? 誰(shuí)能告訴我火車(chē)延誤的原因？引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞代替與其相應(yīng)的先行詞，并且在從句中分別做時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ)，關(guān)系副詞在意義上常常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：I shall never forget the day when we first met.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們第一

21、次相遇的那一天。= I shall never forget the day on which we first met.Beijing is the place where I was born. 北京是我出生的地方。= Beijing is the place in which I was born.Is this the reason for which he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們的理由嗎？= Is this the reason why he refused our offer?由此可見(jiàn)：when = on (in, at, during) + whic

22、hwhere = in (at, on) + whichwhy = for which三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Ø 介詞+which 此結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞，介詞的選用由which所代替的名詞在構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)與介詞的固定搭配所決定。We dont know the time when/at which the meeting will begin. 我們不知道會(huì)議開(kāi)始的時(shí)間。（at the time at which= when）This is the house where/in which he was born. 這是他出生的那間房子。（in the house i

23、n which=where）Ø 介詞+whom 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代替的是人而不是物，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用whom。The man with whom you talked just now is our manager. =The man who you talked with just now is our manager. 你剛才與他談話的那個(gè)人就是我們的經(jīng)理。This is the hero of whom we are proud. = This is the hero who/whom/that we are proud of. 這就是我們引以為榮的英雄。&

24、#216; 名詞/代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞I bought a dozen eggs, half of which were broken when I got home. 我買(mǎi)了一打雞蛋，當(dāng)我到家時(shí)，碎了一半。練一練A填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞1. Shanghai is the place _ I went last summer.2. The reason _ Peter is so happy is that he passed the driving test.3. I remember the day _ my dog died. 4. I will go back to the city _

25、I grow up.5. Sep. 1st is the day _ the school starts.6. The factory _ my father works makes telephones.7. This is the room _ she does her homework every day.8. We went to visit the house _ the great writer was born.9. I will never forget the day _ we first met.10. Please tell me the reason _ you wer

26、e late again.Key: 1. where 2. why 3 .when/on which 4. where 5 .when6 .where 7 .where 8 .where 9 .when 10. why B. 分別用關(guān)系副詞、介詞+關(guān)系代詞填空1. The library _ _ I often borrow books is not far from here.The library _ I often borrow books is not far from here. 2. Is this the bus _ _ you left your umbrella?Is thi

27、s the bus _ you left your umbrella?3. October 1, 1949 was the day _ _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. October 1, 1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.4. Children are looking forward to the holidays _ _ they can play together. Children are looking forward to the hol

28、idays _ they can play together.5. Who knows the reason _ _ the girl is crying?Who knows the reason _ the girl is crying?6. The reason _ _ the flowers are dead is too much water. The reason _ the flowers are dead is too much water.Key: 1. from which; where 2. on which; where 3. on which; when 4. in w

29、hich; when 5. for which; why 6. for which; why C單項(xiàng)選擇1. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when2. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom3.

30、Is this the plane _ he came to New York? A. which B. by which C. that D. in which4. This is the school _ I studied three years ago. A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which 5. What do you usually do in your leisure time? I enjoy reading in the library _ I lose myself in a world of good books.A. whichB. thatC.

31、 where6. I cant forget the time _ the earthquake happened in Yushu. A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where 7. I still remember the park _ we first met. A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when 8. The old man has two sons, _ are lawyers. A. both of themB. both of whoC. both of whomD. both of they 9. He is a man of gre

32、at knowledge, _ much can be learned.  A. in whomB. about whomC. from whomD. of whom 10. He has left Beijing, _ a meeting is to be held. A. whenB. whereC. asD. which Key: 1-5 BDDAC 6-10 ACCCBD. 自我挑戰(zhàn)1. Ill give you my friends home address, _ I can be reached most evenings. （北京）A. which B. when C.

33、 whom D. where2. All the neighbor admire this family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend. （安徽）A. why B. where C. which D. that 3. Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. （重慶）A. whyB. whatC. thatD. where4. What do you think of teaching? I find it fu

34、n and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. （北京）A. where B. which C. when D. that 5. Sales director is a position_ communication ability is just as important as sales ability. （重慶）A. which B. that C. when D. where6. We live in an age _ more information is availa

35、ble with great ease than ever before. （浙江）A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which Key: 1-6 DBDADB定語(yǔ)從句（三）定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)The Attributive Clause一、 只能使用that，不用which, who 的情況1. 當(dāng)先行詞是all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí)；All that can be done has been done.能做的都已經(jīng)做了。I didnt mean t

36、his one; I mean the one that was bought yesterday. 我不是指這個(gè)，我是指昨天買(mǎi)的那個(gè)。2. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the right, few, just等詞修飾時(shí)；Theres no difficulty that we cant overcome.沒(méi)有我們克服不了的困難。Ive read all the books that can be borrowed here.我已經(jīng)讀完了這里能借的所有書(shū)。3. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修

37、飾，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)；This is the first letter that Ive written in Japanese.這是我用日語(yǔ)寫(xiě)得第一封信。She is the most careful girl that Ive ever known. 她是我認(rèn)識(shí)的最認(rèn)真的女孩。He was the first that gave us some useful advice. 他是第一個(gè)給我們一些有用建議的人。4. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)；They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.

38、他們談?wù)摿怂麄円?jiàn)過(guò)的老師和學(xué)校。The speaker talked of some writers and books that were unknown to us. 演講者提到的一些作者和作品我們都不知道。5. 當(dāng)主句是以who, which或what開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)；Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop?在車(chē)站等車(chē)的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？Which is the car that overtook us yesterday?昨天超過(guò)我們的是哪輛車(chē)？6. 當(dāng)主句以There be結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)頭時(shí)，或關(guān)系代詞在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中作實(shí)義主語(yǔ)，先行

39、詞為物。如：There is a seat in the corner that is still free.There are two tickets of the film that are for you.二、只能用which，不用that 的情況：1. 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從中。如：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. 會(huì)議延期了，這正是我們所希望的。2. 定語(yǔ)從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時(shí)。如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importa

40、nce. 他考慮的這件事非常重要。3. 先行詞本身是that時(shí)。如：I dont like that which he did. 我不喜歡他做的那件事。三、只用who不用that的情況1. 先行詞是指人的不定代詞，如one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, those等；One who does not work hard will never succeed.Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.She is the only one of the students who has been to

41、 the USA.Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.2. 在以there be的句子中，先行詞為人時(shí)；There is a comrade outside who wants to see you.3. 當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中又有定語(yǔ)從句，且先行詞都為人時(shí)；The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.4. 當(dāng)指人的先行詞被一些指物的名詞修飾時(shí)；Theres only one student in th

42、e school who I want to see.Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the fields?5. 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中指人I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America.練一練A. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. The radio set _ last week has been out of order. A. I boughtB. I bought it C. which I bo

43、ught it D. what I bought 2. All the apples _ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.  A. whichB. /C. that D. they 3. I can tell you _ he told me last week.  A. all whichB. all whatC. that allD. all that 4. This is the biggest lab _ we have ever built in our university.

44、 A. whichB. what C. thatD. where 5. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. thatB. /C. whichD. what 6. Air, _ we breathe every day, is around us all the time.  A. thatB. /C. itD. which7. This is the museum _ we saw an exhibition the other day. A. thatB. whichC. whereD. in that 8. This

45、is the museum _ you saw the other day. A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that 9. He has left Beijing, _ a meeting is to be held. A. whenB. whereC. asD. which 10. This is the very place _ Im wishing to live in. A. whereB. whichC. thatD. in which 11. Is it in that factory _ “Red Flag” cars are made?A. i

46、n whichB. where C. whichD. that12. The reason _ he didnt come was _ he was injured. A. that; becauseB. why; thatC. why; becauseD. that; that 13. All _ is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thingB. thatC. whatD. which 1. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. which

47、B. what C. whatever D. that2. He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what Key: 1-5 ACDCA 6-10 DCABC 11-15 DBBDBB. 把下列各句子合并成定語(yǔ)從句1. John is a very kind-hearted man. You can turn to him for help. _. 2. The book is written by that famous wri

48、ter. I am very interested in it. _. 3. Tom is the boy. I went to the cinema with him together. _. 4. Have you remembered the factory? We worked in it last year. _? 5. It is the gold diamond. I spent all my money on it. _. Key: 1. John is a very kind-hearted man whom you can turn to for help./ John i

49、s a very kind-hearted man to whom you can turn for help. 2. The book which I am very interested in is written by that famous writer./ The book in which I am very interested is written by that famous writer. 3. Tom is the boy whom I went to the cinema with together./ Tom is the boy with whom I went t

50、o the cinema together. 4. Have you remembered the factory which we worked in last year?/ Have you remembered the factory in which we worked last year? 5. It is the gold diamond which I spent all my money on./ It is the gold diamond on which I spent all my money. C改錯(cuò)1. Is this hospital that they want to visit next week? _2. Is this the museum the one some German friends visited the other day? _ 3. He has two sons, each of them looks like him. _ 4. He will never forget the days when he spent with the villagers. _ 5. Pl