過(guò)去完成時(shí)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解和練習(xí)

1、過(guò)去完成注意：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是 個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，只有在和過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才會(huì)用到。E.g. By the end of the match，they had kicked two goals.We had already had lunch before we arrived there.其結(jié)構(gòu)是had+had+過(guò)去分詞.它的否定句是在 hadhad 后邊加 notnot，變一般疑問(wèn)句是把hadhad 提前。E.g. I had reached the station before 9:00 oclock.I had not

2、 reached the station before 9:00 oclock.Had you reached the station before 9:00 oclock？它通常和before，by the end of等引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。1.由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定一般說(shuō)來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：（1）by +過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：I had fini shed readi ng the novel by nine oclock last ni ght.（2）by the end of +過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：We had lear ned over two

3、 thousa nd En glish words by the end of last term.（3）before +過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：They had plan ted six hun dred trees before last Wedn esday.2.由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定。過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng) 作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：（1）賓語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在kn ew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從

4、句。如：She said that she had see n the film before.（2）狀語(yǔ)從句中在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過(guò)去完成 時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：After he had fini shed his homework, he went to bed.注意：before, after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，由于 從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：After he closed the door, he left the classroom.（3）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish,

5、 expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示”原本,未能We had hoped that you would come, but you did nt.3.根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We had nt see n each other since he went to Beiji ng.單項(xiàng)選擇1.He asked me _ A. where I had bee n時(shí) 過(guò)去的過(guò)去.它是一told, said,before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、C.

6、 where had I bee n2. What Janeduri ng the summer holidays. B. whereI had gone D. where had I gone一bythe time he was sever?A. did, doB. has, done C did, did.3. I_ 900 En glish words by the time I was ten。A. lear nedB. was lear ningC. had lear nedlived here forD.had, doneD. learnt4. Sheyears.A. had, a

7、 few B. has, several C. had, a lot of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, ID. has, a great deal of_the dinner already.A had cooked B. cookedC. have cooked D. was cooked6.She said she_ the principle alreadyA .has see n B. saw C. will seeD. had see n虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示一種假設(shè)的情況，或一種主觀的愿望，即動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)

8、并非事實(shí)，或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。英語(yǔ)虛 擬語(yǔ)氣的形式有下列幾種：一、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句If1.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（或were）2.助動(dòng)詞（過(guò)去式）+動(dòng)詞原形ShouldWould+動(dòng)詞原形couldmightIf had the time, Joh n would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.二.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句If1.should+動(dòng)詞原形2.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式3.were to+動(dòng)詞原形ShouldWould+動(dòng)詞原

9、形couldmightIf you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there n ext time, you would see what I mean.三、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句themselves7. She said her family_ themselves_ the army duri ng the war.A. has hidde n, fromB. had hidde n, fromC. has

10、 hidde n, withD. had hidde n, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he_.A.has comp leted uni versityB.had compi eted an uni versity9. She had writte n a nu mber of booksA. forB. inC. bybefore he was 11 years old.B. had lear ned, the pianoD. lear ns ,piano.B. has compi eted the uni versityD. had c

11、ompi eted uni versity _ the endof last year.D. atto p lay_A had lear ned, pianoC. has lear ned, the piano用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We_ (paint) the house before we_ (move) in.2. That rich old man_ (make) a will before he_ (die)._(study) the map of the country before they_(leave). _ (run away )before the p oliceme

12、 n_ (arrive). (tur n off) all thelights before I_(go) to bed._(go) out with Jane after he_(make) a phone call.10. He3. They_4. The robbers5. I6. PaulA had cooked B. cookedC. have cooked D. was cookedIfhad+過(guò)去分詞ShouldWould+ have+過(guò)去分詞couldmightIf Id known that it w agoing to rain, I would never have go

13、ne for a walk in the country.四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾種特殊用法省掉if的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)2.有時(shí)虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示，如:A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water,)(=If you hadnt helped me,)3.有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果

14、從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.五、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法1、Suggest, advise等動(dòng)詞之后賓語(yǔ)從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：suggest, advise, recomme nd, dema nd,require, insist, urge, request, order,+that(should )+動(dòng)詞原形decide, ask, move, propose等

15、注意：在此結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smok ing.上述動(dòng)詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，that引導(dǎo)的從句仍用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。He made a request that they (should ) stop smok ing.如果that引導(dǎo)的從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是事實(shí)，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。He in sists that he is right.2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity等+that引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：imp erative, advisable,動(dòng)詞完成

16、式It is (was) + important, n atural, n ecessary, +that+(should)esse ntial, stra nge等動(dòng)詞原形It is imp orta nt that you (should) follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish的用法動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或were與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反主語(yǔ)+wish(that)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完成式一與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去試+動(dòng)詞原形一與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反I wish I were a pop si

17、n ger.(=I am sorry I am not a pop sin ger.)I wish I had n ever stopped teach ing.(=I am sorry I stopped teachi ng.)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish與hope接賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。試比較：(1)We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)(2)We wish they coul

18、d come,(We know they are not comin g.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如：He acts as if no thi ng had happen ed.I would rather you didnt tell him.5、Its (high) time that+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或動(dòng)詞原形，如：Its time (that) you had a hair cut.Its high time (that) we took some action.wish表示很難或不虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在主語(yǔ)從句中I

19、t is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should加動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。It is可用的詞有三類(lèi)that（should）dosuggested, ordered, required, propo sed, dema nded, requested, in sisterimportant, n ecessary, n atural, i mp erative, stra nge等a p ity, a shame, no won der等虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在同位語(yǔ)從句中。某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀意向的名詞后同位語(yǔ)從句需

20、用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其表達(dá)形式為（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。這類(lèi)名詞常見(jiàn)的有：advice, suggestion, propo sal（提議），order,dema nd,desire, request, requireme nt,recomme ndati on（推薦），plan,resolution（決議），idea等。eg. We are all for your propo sal that the discussi on （ should ）be put off.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在表語(yǔ)從句中。某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其表達(dá)形式為（should）+動(dòng)

21、詞原形。這類(lèi)名詞常見(jiàn)的有：advice, suggestion,propo sal,order,dema nd, desire, request, requireme nt,recomme ndatio n以及plan,idea, resolution等。eg. My suggesti on is that the mayor （should ）p rese nt the p rizes.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在定語(yǔ)從句中It is（about/high）time+that sb.did sth/should do sth.eg. Dont you think its about time we went

22、 home?注：在this is the first time/seco nd time that.句型中，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣完成時(shí)態(tài)。eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong?虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在讓步、方式、目的狀語(yǔ)從句中1在帶有even if/ even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)詞形式與含有非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣相同。如：Eve n if he had bee n ill, he would have gone to his office.即使生了病，他倆去辦公室。2.由a

23、s if或as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示比較或方式時(shí)。從句謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式分詞”。如：He treated me as if I were a stranger.他那樣對(duì)待我， 好像我是陌生人似的。really seen it.她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實(shí)看過(guò)一樣。3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在lest（唯恐、免得），for fear that及in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中。中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多由eg. He was puni shed lest he should make the same mistake aga in虛擬語(yǔ)氣用情感語(yǔ)言中1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在

24、表示客氣、遺憾以及祝愿等場(chǎng)合中，使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。eg.You should nt have bee n follow ing him so closely;you should have kept your dista nee2.If only sb./sth. +時(shí)態(tài)后退型的謂語(yǔ)eg. If only I had known the result of the exam in ati on.虛擬語(yǔ)氣專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.-Will you come to the party? -_A. Why notB. Only if2.If I_you, I_ go there.A. is; willB. is;

25、wouldC. were; would3._ If itrain tomorrow,We ll go on a trip.A. isn t B. doesn t C. won t4.I dont know if he _A. Will come B. comes（be用were）或 “had十過(guò)去She talked about the film as if she had在 由lest等 引 導(dǎo) 的 目 的 狀 語(yǔ) 從 句should+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，should也可省略。_ you also in vite Blade.C. If notD. WhenD. was; willtomorrow

26、.C. cameD. has come5.The headmaster with his students_A. is going to; isnt rainy B. are going to; isnC. is going to; wont rain D. are going to; doesn6.If I_ a million dollars, I would give it to medical research.A. will have B. haveC. hadD. am havi ngHan gzhou P aradise Park if itt rai nyt raintomor

27、row.7.If Iyou, I would say ano ther stude nt could do it better.A. wasB. wereC. wereD. are8.What would you do if youthe lottery?Igive half of the money to charities.A. win, willB. win, would C. won, will D. won, would9.I am too busy now. If I_ free, I_to the cinema with you.A. am; will go B. am; wou

28、ld go C. were; would go10.What_ you do if you had a million dollars ?B. willC. didA. would11.Im going to Larrys party. But I donIf I_ you, I _ wear a dress.A. am; willC. were; would12.If I _ you, IA.was, wouldnB. were; willD. am; would_ be afraid .t were, wonC.were, wouldn13.If IAlice, Ithem the tru

29、th.A. was , would tellB. were ,would tellD. was; was goingD. dot know what to wear.C. am, will tell14.- If I-IfID. is , will tellone milli on dollars, I would give it to medical research._you, I would give it to charity.A. will have, am B. would have, was C. had, wereD. have, is15.If IA. was; didyou

30、, I wouldB. am; domy homework myself.C. were; do D. is; didTranslation翻譯1.我不知道他的電話號(hào)碼，否則我就打電話給他了。2.他本可以給你更多的幫助，即使他很忙。3.-如果可能的話你會(huì)不會(huì)打電話給他？-會(huì)的，不過(guò)我當(dāng)時(shí)在忙著做家庭作業(yè)呢。般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，排除Co句意“如果不下雨，班主任和同學(xué)明天將要去杭州天堂公園。 ”故選A。1.單項(xiàng)選擇1.He asked me A during the summer holidays.A. where I had bee n B. where I had gone C. where

31、had I bee n2.What _D_Jane_ by the time he was sever?A. did, doB. has, doneC did, did.3.I_C_ 900 En glish words by the time I was ten7.She said her family _B_ themselves_ the army during the war.A. has hidde n, fromB. had hidde n, fromC. has hidde n, with D. had hidde n, with8.By the time he was ten

32、years old, he_ D_ .A.has compi eted uni versityB. has compi eted the uni versityhad comp leted an uni versityD. had compi eted uni versity1.We_ had painted_(paint) the house before we moved_ (move) in.2.That rich old man _had made_ (make) a will before he died(die).3.They _had studyed_ (study) the m

33、ap of the country before they _left_(leave).4.The robbers _had run away_ (run away ) before the p oliceme n arrived (arrive).5.I _turned off_ (tur n off) all the lights before I _went_(go) to bed.6.P aul wen t (go) out with Jane after he _made_ (make)a phone call.參考答案1.B【解析】略2.C【解析】 本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣，時(shí)。句意：如果

34、我是你的話，3.B【解析】這題考查時(shí)態(tài)的用法，if4.A【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。tomorrow為將來(lái)的時(shí)間故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，所以選5.A【解析】考查主謂一致和if從句。with連接幾個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，與第一個(gè)保持一致。排除B D; if條件句用A. lear nedB. was lear ning4. She A lived here forC. had lear nedD. learntyears.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I A the

35、dinner already.A had cookedB. cookedC. have cookedD. was cookedD. has, a great deal of6. She said she DA .has see n_the principle alreadyB. sawC. will seeD. had see nD. where had I goneD.had, doneB.9. She had writte n a nu mber of books_ C_the end of last year.C. by before he was 11 years old.B. had

36、 lear ned, the pianoD. lear ns ,piano.A. forB. inD. at10. He _B_ to play _A had lear ned, pianoC. has lear ned, the piano2.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空if引導(dǎo)的與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句用一般過(guò)去式，主句用過(guò)去將來(lái) 我會(huì)去那兒的。條件句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，而且這里要填助動(dòng)詞的否定式，選B。A。6.C【解析】這題考查if的非真實(shí)條件句的用法，如果和事實(shí)不符合， 相反，if條件句用過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用would do,所以選 研究。7.B【解析】在if虛擬條件句中，be用were，故本題選& D【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。If引導(dǎo)的條件狀從指將來(lái)的情況，I give half of the money to charities.用would+do。所以選DoCoBoif條件句和主句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，和現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)句意是：如果我有1百萬(wàn)美元，我會(huì)把它給醫(yī)學(xué)用過(guò)去式