2013高考英語(yǔ)二輪考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)講義閱讀理解主旨大意題解題指導(dǎo)

1、-1 -2013 高考英語(yǔ)二輪考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)講義：閱讀理解主旨大意題解題指導(dǎo)陌丁解牛在高壽閱讀理解中，主題大意題的考查占有十分重要的位置.掌握所請(qǐng)材料的主百和 犬意也是 C英唐課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和著試說(shuō)明對(duì)考生的基本要求之一只有通過(guò)閱讀拿握了文 章的主題，才能正確理解文章，進(jìn)而根據(jù)文章的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)推測(cè)作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn).主旨大意題旨在考查考生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，亦和考杳考主的歸納概 括能力-這類(lèi)試題包括要求考生選出短文的標(biāo)題山 tl巳 花祠 li尸小 短文或咼?旳主題 sugct 卜中心思想（m 劉 n id 呦等.它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判 斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維朗方法，對(duì)

2、文章進(jìn)行高度的概括或總結(jié)，屬于高層次題.例 1（2012全I(xiàn)Hon導(dǎo)（驛羣）firom xhe African forfst is not onlya kind ofUMUTH sugar, ; is also dejcjous. Mostpeople, and. many arumali, like eating it However rhe only tvay for them to get th 武 honey is to find 3.wi：d bees nesiiM -and Take the honey from it Often,性；m nests rugh up v irees

3、;. and it is difficult tofindthKn. In parts of Africa, tliougli, people and animals unexpected helper a little bird called a honey guide.The honey guide does not actually like hon ey, but it does like the wax（蜂蠟）inthe beehives （蜂房）. The little bird cannot reach this max, which is deep in side the be

4、e s n est. So, whe nit finds a suitable n est, it looks for some one to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts theattention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting fromtime to time for the curious ani mal or pers on ad it

5、 leads them to the n est. Whenthey fin ally arrive at the nest,the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Someof the honey,and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is whe n the honey guide takes its share.Scientists do not know why the hon

6、ey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts toget it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever abeekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even en ter churches whe n beeswax can dles are beinglit. 59. W

7、hat can be the best title for the text?A. Wild BeesB. Wax and HoneyC. Beekeep ing in AfricaD. Hon ey-Lovers Helper點(diǎn)撥D 短文談的是可以幫助尋蜜者尋找蜂蜜的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)，最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是D 選項(xiàng)。因此，正確答案為 D 選項(xiàng)。例 2（ 2012 全國(guó) II ） Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people.Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as

8、used to the warm shelter （住所）as they are. Some owners will leave their ani mals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animalsare used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in dan ger of serious ill ness. There are things you can do tokeep your ani mal warm and safe.Keep your pet

9、s in side as much as you can whe n the weather is bad. If you haveto take them out, stay outside with them. When you re cold eno ugh to go in side, they probably are too. If youmust leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick-2 -bedding, and

10、plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warmshelter.They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when theyare left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet s water. Sometimesow

11、ners don t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can t get anything to drink. Animals that don t have clean and unfrozen watermay drink dirty water outside, which may contain someth ing un healthy for them.44. What is the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem.B. To give practic al

12、advice.C. To tell an in terest ing story.D. To prese nt a research result.點(diǎn)撥B 主旨大意題。有第一段最后一句話(huà)There are things you can do to keep your animalwarm and safe. 及二、三段可知選B。小試牛刀I.段落練習(xí)Exercise 1Some people like to go to beach or a lake for recreati on. They enjoy the swim mingor boating that is available the

13、re. Other people, especially in the hot summer, preferclea n air and cool mountain breezes. Some people like exciteme nt and en terta inment.They got to shows and nightclubs.Still other people find that staying home with thefamily and enjoying the together ness of spe nding time with loved ones is t

14、he most pleasurable experie nee ofall.Questi on :Which of the follow ing best expresses the main idea of the passage?A. People enjoy differe nt kinds of recreatio n.B. Some people like staying at home with their families.C. Some people love swimmi ng and boati ng.D. Some people are richer tha n othe

15、rs.Exercise 2In spite of the fact that tars from Germany and Japan are flooding th? America market F jrii GeneralMotors, and thru H 尹 are employing mor? orkersbefore. The food of cheaperforeign cars has not 匚心吐 American autoorkers thr jobs as sotn? expertsrordoperates as far as Asia, and General Mot

16、ors is considered Australian biggest employer Yet General Motorshas ns huge American 毗弋應(yīng) force and eniploysof people 尹: v day tomeet the needs of an jnsatiable soci?-What is the main idea of the passageA. The foreign c ar & have net taken away th? jobs of American auTowckefs.B General Motors is

17、onw of largest car produefrs.C. Ford operate; not only in the USA, but also in Asia.D. The food of cheaper foreign 亡 arm is :ernble for American autO. urkers.ExeiTise 3When the weather is clear, pilots use their eyes to keep the airpla ne flying straight-3 -and level. In low visibilitysituations,how

18、ever, the eye and other orientationsenses.such as our sense ofbalance, are noc onlv useless.be totallv misleading. The orLv safe wav to v an airplanea*JirfJJ4in low isibilin-conditions is to us? instruments, which mdicattof airplaiif.Question: The majn idea of the passage paragraph is_.A. In bad wea

19、ther the senses can be misleadingB. Flying an airplan亡can be diffi.cultC. V/hen visitiliKis lov.-三止 o匯、-safe v；ay to fy an airplane is by iiidng f ieht mstriKDers.D. 氐 lim the weather is clear, pilots use their eyes io keep e s plane filing 存 v 咸Mandlevel.Exercise4Americans might bs embarrassed beca

20、use tlifir Japanese frifnds so formal with thtm. Japanese might felinsulted because American acquaintances greet .Aem casual;. Still:the ims of greeting in both countries onlvihow respecrt for others. It just happens that Amricani and Japanese ha-e a different way of looking at humanrelationships ai

21、 込；iius hav? i difftrent dy of showing respect.Questi on: This passage mainly tells us_ .A. how America ns show respect to othersB. how Japa nese show respect to their America n acqua intancesC. America ns and Japa nese have differe nt ways of show ing respectD. Japa nese are not satisfied with Amer

22、ica n casual behaviorExercise 5A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students 18 boys and 2 girls had a thousand reasons to be proudof themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung out of4 millionstudents taking part in the Fifth NationalHua Luogeng Gold Cup MathematicsCon test on Tuesday evening.

23、The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school stude nts un der the age of 14.“ Many ofthe problems are of college level and these pupils can figurethem out. It is just un believable!” said a teacher from Guangdong prov ince.Named after China s most famous mathematicia n, Hua Luoge ng,

24、the con test startedin 1986, one year after his death. In less tha n 10 years, it has bee n recog ni zed by the State Educatio nCommissi on（國(guó)家教委）as the country s biggest and best con testof its kind.Questi on: This n ews story is mainly about_ .-4 -A. whe n the con test startedB. how the con test go

25、t its n ameC. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the con testD. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics ContestII.篇章練習(xí)ExerciseIn 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describinga trip to the moon.When the explorers Ianded on the moon, they discovered that the moon was fu

26、ll of underground cities. Theyexpressed their surprise to the“moon people” they met.In turn, the “moon people” expressed their surprise.“Why” they asked, “areyou traveling to outer space when you don t even use your inner space? ”H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human being

27、s really did land on the moon.People today know that there are no un dergro und cities on the moon. However, the question that the“moon people” asked is still an interestingone. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have

28、underground car parks. In some cities, such asTokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The “Chunnel” , a tunnelconnecting England and France, is now complete.But what about underground cities? Japan s Taisei Corporation is designing a network of undergroundsystem, calle

29、d “Alice Cities. ” The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and usingunderground space for flats,offices,shopping, and so on. A solar dome（ 太陽(yáng)能穹頂 ）would cover the whole city.Supporters of underground development say that buildingdown rather than buildingup is a good way to use the

30、earth s space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, garde ns, andwilder ness.H.G. Wells “ moon people ” would agree. Wouldyou?What would be the best title for the text?A. Alice Cities cities of the future B. Space travel with H.G. WellsC. Enjoy livi ng un dergro undD. Buildi ng dow n

31、, not up-5 -幫你歸納-)這種題型常見(jiàn)的提間形式有；(1) The iubjEct of the passage paragraph is_.(2) The mam idea of the passage paragraph is_ .(3) The txt is mainly about_ .(4) The passage majnly centers on_ .(?)The passage mainly xells about_,(、Vh 撿 is e subject discussed in tlie text1(7jV/hat is e mam idea of this pa

32、isaseSAhaT is rhe paisage maiiLy about(P；A*hat dots the second paragraph mainly discuss-10 .iWhat is tlie majn pomt rhe writer is Hym 呂 to make in th=pararapir(11 )11ch of the foZomg is the feet tnleforthe passage?(12HMiich title best gi es thejdea of the passage?(1woulii be the best title for the :

33、exti 14iWhat migh: be m.or uitaV title for thw p那妞呂 H(15)Thebt headlines for this ntwspapfr article would bt_(二】閱讀主旨大意題思路及技巧1.尋找主題句，確定文章主題在許多情況下，尤其在閱讀說(shuō)明文和議論文時(shí)，根據(jù)其篇章特點(diǎn)我們可以通過(guò)尋找短文的主題句來(lái)歸納出文章的主題.主題句在文章中的位貫通常有三種情況；開(kāi)頭、中間、結(jié)尾(舍 在開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)、首尾呼應(yīng)的主題句).因此仔細(xì)閱讀這類(lèi)文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵. 做主題概括類(lèi)試題多采用瀏覽法(stamg),瀏覽時(shí)，一殿不需逐句瀏覽，日需選讀

34、文章 的首段.：尾段或每段的首句和尾句:重點(diǎn)搜索主題線(xiàn)索和主題信息正確的解答這類(lèi)題目怖關(guān) 鍵是淮確地找出文章的主題句B工抓性文車(chē)段落大意，概括中心思想尋找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在尋棧具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的各段落中句的整 悴歸納便是文章的中心思想在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，我們不能只依據(jù)只言片普、一枝一節(jié)，或進(jìn)看 文章的某一些段落，而應(yīng)該現(xiàn)察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安掃 E；理解文章濃墨重竿寫(xiě)的“重心 G 考慮文車(chē) 的組織材料斥支撐性細(xì)節(jié)是服務(wù)于件么的；分析故事的發(fā)展結(jié)局都是圍繞什久 P?容來(lái)表達(dá)中 心的】最后用簡(jiǎn)明扼要的文字將文章的中心思想表達(dá)出來(lái).3. 抓注文章主線(xiàn)和關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，歸納文章中心要注意不是所有的段落都

35、有主題句，有時(shí)主題句暗含在句中閱讀這樣的文章，就需要直己 根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)分析，概括出段落的主題，從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨.分析的育法是，先弄 清該段箔主要講了那幾方醞的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系、然后加以歸納形成主題.4. 文章標(biāo)題的選擇或擬定標(biāo)題位于文章之首，用來(lái)高度概括文章內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)明文章主題。它的特點(diǎn)是：短小精悍，多為一短語(yǔ)；涵蓋性強(qiáng)，一般要求能覆蓋全文，其確定的范圍要恰當(dāng)，既不能太大，也不能太小。精確性強(qiáng)，不能隨意改變語(yǔ)言表意的程度及色彩。在選擇標(biāo)題時(shí)，要注意三點(diǎn)：第一：要在 閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)考慮這句話(huà)或短語(yǔ)與文章主題是否有密切的聯(lián)系；第二：再看它對(duì) 文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何；

36、第三：要-6 -注意題目是過(guò)大還是過(guò)小。-7 -答案速遞1. 1. A。短文中沒(méi)有主題句，通過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀全文，從例證關(guān)系來(lái)分析，本文的主題思想應(yīng)歸納為：People enjoy different kinds of recreation.因此，A 為正確答案。2. A。上面這段話(huà)的主題句位于本段的中間：The flood of cheaper foreig n cars has notcost America n autoworkers their jobs as some experts expected.據(jù)此，此題的正確答案應(yīng)為 A.。3. C。四項(xiàng)選擇中 A 項(xiàng)和 D 項(xiàng)內(nèi)容太具體，不能概

37、括段落的主旨思想。B 項(xiàng)內(nèi)容又太籠統(tǒng)，超出了作者的原意。只有C 項(xiàng)才準(zhǔn)確地概括出段落的主旨思想。4. D。這一篇短文前幾句只講述了具體情況，均不具備主題句的特征，只有最后一句話(huà)是概括性的、總結(jié)性的，因此本段的最后一句是主題句，故正確答案是D。5. D 這是一篇報(bào)道，文章的第一段只有兩句話(huà)：“20 個(gè)學(xué)生（2 女 18 男）有充分的理由為自己感到自豪，因?yàn)樗麄儕Z得了第五屆華羅庚杯數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽的金獎(jiǎng)，是 4 百萬(wàn)參賽學(xué)生中的佼佼者”，下文接著對(duì)競(jìng)賽的有關(guān)情況進(jìn)行報(bào)道，因此，第一段實(shí)際上就是這篇報(bào)道的主題句。A、B、C分別只包含了報(bào)道的部分信息，顯然不合題意；D 選項(xiàng)與主題句的意思完全一致，因此是正確答

38、案。II. D。文章以月球人的問(wèn)題Why are you traveling to outer space when you don t even use your inner space?引起話(huà)題，接著講敘了人類(lèi)目前對(duì)地下空間的利用現(xiàn)狀，結(jié)尾以地下空間開(kāi)發(fā)的支持者的話(huà)點(diǎn)題 buildi ng dow n rather tha n buildi ng up is a good wayto use the earth s space。A 選項(xiàng)只是本文話(huà)題的部分意思，不是主要話(huà)題；B 選項(xiàng)與文章的意思無(wú)關(guān)；文章主要是講地下空間的開(kāi)發(fā)利用，而不是講如何享受地下生活，因此C 選項(xiàng)與文章的主題也無(wú)關(guān)；D

39、 選項(xiàng)符合文章的主要內(nèi)容，與主題句的意思一致，因此，是該題的正確答案。單詞百寶箱brew n.調(diào)制，釀造He brewed cups of thick Turkish coffee.ingredients n.（混合物的）組成部分；配料；構(gòu)成要素，因素Flour and fat are the most importa nt in gredie nts.面粉和油脂是最重要的配料。breeze n. 微風(fēng),輕風(fēng)It was steaming hot; there was no breeze at all.天氣悶熱,一點(diǎn)風(fēng)也沒(méi)有。in satiable adj.不知足的，貪求無(wú)厭的The youn

40、g man has an in satiable hun ger for kno wledge.這個(gè)年輕人有著一副永不滿(mǎn)足的求知欲。orientation n.方向,目標(biāo)The winding trail caused the hikers to lose their orie ntati on.蜿蜒的小徑使徒步旅行者迷失了方向。insult v. vt.侮辱，辱罵You will insult her if you dont go to her party.你要是不去參加她舉辦的聚會(huì)，就對(duì)她太無(wú)禮了。acqua intance n. 熟人We talked as if we were old

41、 acqua intan ces.我們就好像是老相識(shí)般談話(huà)。他調(diào)制了幾杯很濃的土耳其咖啡。-8 -rung n.地位，橫檔Hard work and long hours are rungs in the ladder of success.成功的階梯。The surro unding country is a wilder ness of sand.周?chē)敲ＣＲ黄笆?。時(shí)文閱讀Early people had very little effect on th? fa-iroiiment Thy lived 辦.cavts in shy small clan:groups. They 匚 o

42、llected or kilkd only enough for the clans sunival. clE*TLJwere notnaic, which meanthat Ctey didnt nay jn. onw plac? I 口 stead, they moed aroiond, following the animals that were theirmain food source and seeking areas seasons! plants 事 jwvid. Moving around seasonally helped to protectthe environmen

43、L Th? land had time to 吐 and animals had timeTObreed before clan retumed for e next記As time ivent by. tliese small famfy clans ioind with others t? f；.工.arger grourr for protmion.Joining with other clans ga e them more hunters and more / oinn to help rut up the meat and share itbftv-een families. He

44、ntuily poplf tamdj 馴 I 養(yǎng)：-td animals such as do- dnd hordes. Peop 元匸上i around riers and ferule plains to shar? responiibijtis and duties. Th 比 1； peopl 亡 bean to plantcrops instead of moving to areas .vhere the rliiits gre1-7ms deve； .pment changed the environmem.Traditi onal forms of work also cha

45、nged. Some people were better at perform ing aparticular task tha n other clan members, so the n bega n to specialize in things theywere good at doing. This also meant that they began to exchange their goods for thingsthat others produced.People bega n to com muni cate with dista nt tribes. Land was

46、 cleared for roads.Foreign plants and animals were transportedto places where they had not existed before.Specialization also give people more free time. So art ,danee and music became important ways of expressingfeelings and thoughts. This was how many greatcivilizations started.Compared to the past, modern civilization has experieneedmany changes to