高一必修被動語態(tài)詳解

1、Unit2一、被動語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)篇1.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：| be + 過去分詞2.時態(tài)通過助動詞 be 變化體現(xiàn)：時態(tài)be過去分詞done 為例例句一般現(xiàn)在時am / is / aredoneEn glish is spoke n in many coun tries.一般過去時was / weredoneSome TV sets for sale in the departme nt st werestole n last ni ght.一般將來時shall / will + bedoneHe wont be allowed, by his father, to mar過去將來時would / sh

2、ould + bedoneThey would be sent to the army whe n they Finished the training.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am / is / are beingdoneThe project is being carried out.過去進(jìn)行時was / were + beingdoneThe case was being in vestigated the n.現(xiàn)在完成時have / has + bee ndoneThis novel has been translatedinto several過去完成時had+ bee ndoneThey sai

3、d that product ion costs had bee n r【說明】：以上的八個時態(tài)可用于被動式，其它沒有列舉的時態(tài)都不宜用于被動語態(tài)的句子中。3.一般能用主動語態(tài)時優(yōu)先使用主動語態(tài)。只在下列情況中才用被動語態(tài)：(1) 不知道或沒必要指出行為、動作的執(zhí)行者(無須加 by 短語)Football is played around theworld.(2) 突出和強(qiáng)調(diào)仃為或動作的承受著。(這時可用 by 引導(dǎo)出動作的執(zhí)仃者)Historyis made by the people. The wounded soldiers have been saved by those people

4、.二、語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換的幾種類型：類型變化舉例主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)有一個賓語將賓語變成主語I broke the bottle.The bottle was broke n byme.有賓從句從句的主語作被動語態(tài) 的主語時，可直接把從主 變被主，也 it 作形式主 語Weknow that he was dying.He was known to be dying Itwas known that he wasdying.整個從句作被動語態(tài) 主語時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，要用形式主語it.He has knows that manyfriends will come to see him.It has bee n

5、 known to himthat my friends will com tosee him.有雙賓語將其中一個賓語變主語He gave me a book.I was give n a book by hi Abook was give n to me b有復(fù)合賓 語S+O+O.C只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡ZWe made him our mon itor.I heard him singing.I heard the song sung.He was made our mon itor.He was heard singing. Thesong was heard sung.有情動詞情動詞+ be

6、 + 過去分詞We must clea n the room.The room must be clea ned短語動詞 作謂語保留動詞原來所帶的介 詞/副詞I ll look after the boy.The boy will be looked me)三、使用被動語態(tài)時需要注意的情況：1. be+過去分詞可以是被動語態(tài)形式，也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式。3表示歸屬的動詞，如 have、own belong to 等。4表示希望、意圖”的動詞，如： wish、want、hope like、love、hate 等。5賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。The man in

7、troduced himself as Mr. Wang.6賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。7謂語動詞是以下時，無被動 ：hap pe n,belo ng to, suit, fit（ 適appear, burst out（迸發(fā)），hold（容納），lack （缺乏），agree with （同意）1.有些動詞或情態(tài)動詞常用所接的不定式來表示被動意義。【如】：happen, pretend, seem, used to, ought to, appear等。The house used to be pain ted white.The job has to be done

8、 before dark.On the way we happe ned to be caught i n the rain.三、被動語態(tài)相關(guān)重要考點(diǎn)：1. 主動形式表被動意義1表主語的某種屬性特征的動詞，女口 cut、read、act, clean, sell、wear、write、wash、open,cook, shut,dry, eat,dri nk等詞帶狀語修飾語時；當(dāng)動詞表示開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等意義時，女口 begi n, fini sh, start, ope n, close, stop, end, shut, lock, run, move。This kind of

9、 cloth washes easily.這種布易洗。These novels won t sell well. 這些小說不暢銷。My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。The door won t lock.門鎖不上。The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。2當(dāng) break out、take place 、shut off 、turn off 、work out 等動詞表示發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制 定”等意思時。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.3want, requ

10、ire, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。4be worth doi ng用主動形式表示被動含義。5在“ be +形容詞 + to do ”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。This kind of water isn t fit to drink.The girl isn t easy to g et along with.另外：be to blame（受譴責(zé)），be to rent（出租）也用主動形式表被動。2. 被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。1be seated 坐著： He is seated on a ben ch.（He seats himself on a

11、 ben ch. ） 坐在凳子上。2be hidden 躲藏 :He was hidden behind the door.（He hid himself behind the door.）他藏門后。【區(qū)別】：被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作，可以帶 by 短語；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)，不帶The job was well done.（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The job was well done by a skilled worker.（The compositi on is well writte n.（The composition is written with great care;.（【注意】表示狀態(tài)特

12、征的連系動詞look, sou nd,stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：There be 句型和所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last, hold, be nefit,con tai n, equal, fit, joi n,look like, con sist of等。by 短語。2.被動語態(tài)）系表結(jié)構(gòu)）被動語態(tài)）feel, taste, appear, seem, go,加形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。prove, turn.mea n, last,合）, have, let,joi

13、n,fall,last （延長），cost （花費(fèi)）break out （爆發(fā)）3be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿著： The girl was dressed in a read short skirt.1.經(jīng)典例題講解：2.1. Visitors_ n ot to touch the exhibits.(NMET 2001)3.A.will request B.are requested C.are request ingD.request2. All the preparations for the task_ , and we re ready t

14、o start. (2000年春季高考)A.completed B.complete C.had bee n completed D.have bee n completed3._When every one was, the meeti ng bega n.A. sitt ing B. sat C.seated D.seat ing被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)一、選擇題(2X15=30 分)()1._a new library_in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build()2. An a

15、ccide nt_on this road last week.A. has bee n happe ned B. was happe ned C. is happe ned D. happe ned()3.Cotton (棉花) _ in the southeast of Chi na.A. is grow n B. are grow n C. grows D. grow()4.So far, the moon_by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has bee n visited D. was visited()5.A ta

16、lk on Chin ese history_ in the school hall next week.A. is give nB. has bee n give n C. will be give n D. gives()6.How many trees_ this year?A. are pla ntedB. will pla ntC. have bee n pla nted D. pla nted()7.A lot of things_by people to save the little girl now.A. are doing B. are being done C. has

17、bee n done D. will be done()8.-Whe n_ this kind of computers_ ? -Last year.A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used()9.The Great Wall_ all over the world.A. knowsB. knewC. is known D. was known()10.Who_ this book_ ?A. did; written B.was; written by C. did; written D. was; written()11.A stor

18、y_ by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us()12.The mon key was see n_off the tree.A. jumpB. jumps C. jumped D. to jump()13.The school bag_ beh ind the chair.A. putsB. can be put C. can be putted D. can put()14.Older people_ well.A. looks after B. must be looked

19、after C. must look after D. lookedafter()15.Our teacher_ carefully.A. should be liste ned to B. should be liste n C. be liste ned D. isliste ned二、 按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。（1X 30=30 分）I. 1s tea grow n in South Ch ina?（改為主動語態(tài)）_ people_tea in South China ？2.1 am given a birthday present by my parents every year

20、.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）A birthday prese nt_ by my pare nts every year3.The work is going to be finished in two days.（對戈 U 線提問 ）How_the work going to be fini shed ?4. The children will sing an English song.（改為被動語態(tài)）An En glish song_ by the childre n.5. You need nt do it now.（改為被動語態(tài)）It_ by you now.6. People use metal for making machines.（改為被